The authors have nothing to disclose.

يتم تنفيذ كافة الإجراءات التالية الإرشادات الموضحة في &quot;مبادئ رعاية الحيوان المعملية&quot; (المعاهد الوطنية للصحة المنشور رقم 85-23، منقحة 1985) وبروتوكول الحيوان اللجنة المؤسسية رعاية الحيوان واستخدام روزاليند فرانكلين جامعة افق 08-19. 1. جنتاميسين-تحريض الشعر خلية نخر <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إعداد جنتاميسين سلفات في المياه المالحة العادية في تركيز النهائي من 0.004٪ (4.32 ملم). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع الأسماك البالغة (D. rerio، 4-6 أشهر من العمر) في وعاء يحتوي على 0.004٪ (4.32 ملم) حل الجنتاميسين. أي حاوية يمكن استخدامها، ولكن نحن نستخدم وعاء الأسماك من نظام المائية صيدلي وهو 7 في نطاق واسع، 6 في ارتفاع، و 7 في طويلة. وضع الحاوية مع الأسماك في حاضنة وضعت في 28 درجة مئوية لمدة 24 ساعة. تعيين إجمالي حجم السائل في الخزان على مستوى كاف للحفاظ على الأسماك في دولة قابلة للحياة لفترة ساعة 24. ملاحظة: تهوية السائل جنتاميسين ليس necessary إذا تم استخدام حجم كاف لعدد من الأسماك التي يجري علاجها. </li></ol> 2. تلطيخ الحيوية من خلايا الشعر <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إعداد تركيز 0.08٪ (في المياه المالحة العادي) من الصبغة الحيوية الفلورسنت [4-4-diethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium يوديد (485 نانومتر الإثارة λ و 603 نانومتر λ الانبعاثات في الميثانول) من محلول المخزون من العمل 15 ملغ / مل في الايثانول. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> لتحديد ما إذا كان العلاج الفعال جنتاميسين مجموعة فرعية من السيطرة وجنتاميسين هي ملطخة الأسماك تعالج على الفور عن طريق وضع الأسماك في بئر من لوحة 6 جيدا الثقافة تحتوي على الصبغة الحيوية. استخدام عدد كاف من الأسماك (وألواح الثقافة كما هو مطلوب للدلالة إحصائية لتحقيقه. بناء على سرعة الفاحص العد neuromast، ضع السمك في لوحات بطريقة متداخلة مع مرور الوقت بحيث لا يتم ملطخة أن الأسماك لأكثر من 75 دقيقة كما هو موضح في الخطوة 2.3. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع لوحات من الخطوة 2.2 في درج مقاعد البدلاء بواسطة المجهر الفلورسنت لأن تستخدم لفحص neuromasts الملون. إطفاء الأنوار غرفة التبريد لمنع الصبغة الحيوية خلال الفترة تلطيخ 1 ساعة في درجة حرارة الغرفة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إعداد كل من الصبغة غسل التدريجي وخزانات المياه مخدر. صبغ المياه تغسل هي أسماك المياه العادية والمياه مخدر، إضافة الكافي 2-فينوكسييثانول بحيث يتم التوصل إلى التخفيف 1:1،000 في أسماك المياه العادية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع الأسماك في المياه الزائدة السمك العادي لشطف الصبغة الحيوية الزائدة وانتقل إلى الخطوة 3.1 لمراقبة صبغ الملون الأسماك الحيوية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> لدراسة تجديد neuromasts، ونقل الأسماك المعالجة جنتاميسين التي تم غسلها في الماء السمك العادي إلى حاضنة لمدة تتراوح بين 8-16 ساعة عند 28 درجة مئوية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> في أوقات مختلفة بين 8-16 ساعة، يتم إزالة الأسماك من الحاضنة، وغسلها وملطخة كما هو مبين في الخطوات 2،1-2،4. انتقل إلى الخطوة 3.1 لمراقبة صبغ الملون الأسماك الحيوية. </li></ol> 3. الأسماك التخدير والعد نيون من Neuromasts <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li&gt; وصمة عار كل سمكة على منشفة ورقية لإزالة السوائل الزائدة ومن ثم وضعه على قطعة مبللة من ورق الترشيح التي تركز على غطاء طبق بتري البلاستيكية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع غطاء على مسرح المجهر الفلورسنت ستيريو للحصول على الصور الرقمية من الصبغة neuromasts الملون الحيوية للغرز منتصف الجسم. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استخدام كاميرا رقمية توضع على المجهر الفلورسنت ستيريو ضبط التكبير من 2X لالتقاط الصور للتحليل الكمي لاحقة. ملاحظة: الإعداد التكبير للمجهر ستيريو قد تعتمد على نوع من المجهر المستخدمة، ولكن الإعداد ينبغي أن يسمح عرض سهلة والعد من neuromasts فرد داخل غرز منتصف الجسم. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تحديد مقدار التجديد عن طريق حساب عدد من neuromasts مرئية داخل غرز أربعة المعينة على الجانب السفلي معظم بطني من الأسماك فقط الأقرب إلى الحق في الزعنفة الصدرية (انظر الشكل 1). لاستخدام التحليل الإحصائي لاختبار ANOVA المناسبة مثل سص T-اختبار الطالب. يجب الاستفادة من التجارب ما لا يقل عن 5 الأسماك في نقطة زمنية وينبغي تكرار كل التجارب الحد الأدنى من 3X. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استنادا إلى منحنى الوقت neuromast تجديد (انظر الشكل 3)، عد neuromasts بين 8-16 ساعة آخر جنتاميسين غسل إلى أن تكون ضمن المرحلة خطية من المنحنى التجدد. ملاحظة: استخدام المرحلة الزمن الخطي يسمح للتحليل الكمي السليم بين السيطرة والمجموعات التجريبية. </li></ol> 4. عد نيون من الخلايا الفردية الشعر لقرار الحصول العالي من التحليل الكمي إذا كان التحليل Neuromast ليست ذات دلالة إحصائية <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إذا كان التحليل الكمي على مستوى neuromasts ليست كبيرة، والتحليل على مستوى الخلية الفردية الشعر يمكن أيضا أن تستخدم للحصول على درجة أعلى من القرار. اختر الأسماك في نقطة زمنية معينة آخر جنتاميسين-تغسل (نقطة زمنية استنادا إلى دراسات neuromast في وقت سابق)، صبغة حيوية شارععين السمكة كما هو موضح في البروتوكول 2، ومن ثم الموت ببطء الأسماك باستخدام 2-فينوكسييثانول في التخفيف 1:500 لمدة 1-5 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> في ظل هادئا لمنع التبريد، وجعل أربعة شقوق بحيث يتم إعداد ساحة رفرف الجلد على النحو التالي. إجراء شق على طول أضلاعه العلوي من الأسماك حتى يتم محاذاة مع زعانف الشرج، ثم إجراء شق في جميع أنحاء البطن، وأخيرا، وجعل اثنين من الشقوق العمودية على كل جانب من هذه الشقوق حتى يتم إنشاء مربع رفرف الجلد. ملاحظة: هذا الإعداد الجلد دمج غرز جسم منتصف المستخدمة في التجارب neuromast. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع عينة الجلد على شريحة زجاجية ثم وضع غطاء زجاجي دائري الانزلاق على عينة الجلد رفعه للمساعدة مرساة ولشد الأنسجة للتصوير الرقمي لاحقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> باستخدام عينات الجلد من الخطوة 4.3، الحصول على الصور الرقمية من خلايا الشعر داخل كل neuromast من غرز منتصف الجسم. التقاط صور في التكبير من 60X على الأقل ثم عد م الشعرLLS داخل neuromasts الفردية للتحليل الكمي المقارن من السيطرة والمجموعات التجريبية (انظر الشكل 4). </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Dambly-Chaudire, C., Sapde, D., Soubiran, F., Decorde, K., Gompel, N., Ghysen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Lateral+Line+of+Zebrafish:+a+Model+System+for+the+Analysis+of+Morphogenesis+and+Neural+Development+in+Vertebrates.">The Lateral Line of Zebrafish: a Model System for the Analysis of Morphogenesis and Neural Development in Vertebrates.</a> Biol. Cell. 95 (9), 579-587 (2003).</li><li>Montgomery, J., Carton, G., Voigt, R., Baker, C., Diebel, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensory+Processing+of+Water+Currents+by+Fishes.">Sensory Processing of Water Currents by Fishes.</a> Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London B Biol. Sci. 355 (1401), 1325-1327 (2000).</li><li>Buck, L. M., Winter, M. J., Redfern, W., Whitfield, T. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ototoxin-Induced+Cellular+Damage+in+Neuromasts+Disrupts+Lateral+Line+Function+in+Larval+Zebrafish.">Ototoxin-Induced Cellular Damage in Neuromasts Disrupts Lateral Line Function in Larval Zebrafish.</a> Hearing Res. 284 (1-2), 1-2 (2012).</li><li>Engelmann, J., Hanke, W., Mogdans, J., Bleckmann, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+Stimuli+and+the+Fish+Lateral+Line.">Hydrodynamic Stimuli and the Fish Lateral Line.</a> Nature. 408 (6808), 51-52 (2000).</li><li>Olszewski, J., Haehnel, M., Taguch, M., Liao, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+Larvae+Exhibit+Rheotaxis+and+Can+Escape+a+Continuous+Suction+Source+Using+Their+Lateral+Line.">Zebrafish Larvae Exhibit Rheotaxis and Can Escape a Continuous Suction Source Using Their Lateral Line.</a> PloS One. 7 (5), e36661 (2012).</li><li>Raible, D. W., Kruse, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organization+of+the+Lateral+Line+System+in+Embryonic+Zebrafish.">Organization of the Lateral Line System in Embryonic Zebrafish.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 421 (2), 189-198 (2000).</li><li>Coffin, A. B., Reinhart, K. E., Owens, K. N., Raible, D. W., Rubel, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Extracellular Divalent Cations Modulate Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death in the Zebrafish Lateral. 253 (1-2), 1-2 (2009).</li><li>Harris, J. A., Cheng, A. G., Cunningham, L. L., MacDonald, G., Raible, D. W., Rubel, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Death and Rapid Regeneration in the Lateral Line of Zebrafish (Danio. 4 (2), 219-234 (2003).</li><li>Ma, E. Y., Rubel, E. W., Raible, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Notch+Signaling+Regulates+the+Extent+of+Hair+Cell+Regeneration+in+the+Zebrafish+Lateral+Line).">Notch Signaling Regulates the Extent of Hair Cell Regeneration in the Zebrafish Lateral Line).</a> J. Neurosci. 28 (9), 2261-2273 (2008).</li><li>Brignull, H. R., Raible, D. W., Stone, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feathers+and+Fins:+Non-Mammalian+Models+for+Hair+Cell+Regeneration.">Feathers and Fins: Non-Mammalian Models for Hair Cell Regeneration.</a> Brain Res. 1277, 12-23 (2009).</li><li>Bibliowicz, J., Tittle, R. K., Gross, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+a+Better+Understanding+of+Human+Eye+Disease+Insights+From+the+Zebrafish,+Danio+Rerio.">Toward a Better Understanding of Human Eye Disease Insights From the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.</a> Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 100, 287-330 (2011).</li><li>Mione, M. C., Trede, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Zebrafish+As+a+Model+for+Cancer.">The Zebrafish As a Model for Cancer.</a> Dis. Model. Mech. 3 (9-10), 9-10 (2010).</li><li>Norton, W., Bally-Cuif, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+Zebrafish+As+a+Model+Organism+for+Behavioural+Genetics.">Adult Zebrafish As a Model Organism for Behavioural Genetics.</a> BMC. Neurosci. 11, (2010).</li><li>Mathur, P., Guo, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+Zebrafish+As+a+Model+to+Understand+Mechanisms+of+Addiction+and.">Use of Zebrafish As a Model to Understand Mechanisms of Addiction and.</a> Complex Neurobehavioral Phenotypes. Neurobiol. Dis. 40 (1), 66-72 (2010).</li><li>Ignatius, M. S., Langenau, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+As+a+Model+for+Cancer+Self-Renewal.">Zebrafish As a Model for Cancer Self-Renewal.</a> Zebrafish. 6 (4), 377-387 (2009).</li><li>Milan, D. J., MacRae, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+Genetic+Models+for+Arrhythmia.">Zebrafish Genetic Models for Arrhythmia.</a> Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 98 (2-3), 2-3 (2008).</li><li>Van Trump, W. J., Coombs, S., Duncan, K., McHenry, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gentamicin+Is+Ototoxic+to+All+Hair+Cells+in+the+Fish+Lateral+Line+System.">Gentamicin Is Ototoxic to All Hair Cells in the Fish Lateral Line System.</a> Hear. Res. 261 (1-2), 1-2 (2010).</li><li>Littleton, R. M., Hove, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish:+a+Nontraditional+Model+of+Traditional+Medicine.">Zebrafish: a Nontraditional Model of Traditional Medicine.</a> J. Ethnopharmacol. 145 (3), 677-685 (2013).</li><li>Harris, J. A., Cheng, A. G., Cunningham, L. L., MacDonald, G., Raible, D. W., Rubel, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Death and Rapid Regeneration in the Lateral Line of Zebrafish (Danio. 4 (2), 219-234 (2003).</li><li>Olszewski, J., Haehnel, M., Taguchi, M., Liao, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+Larvae+Exhibit+Rheotaxis+and+Can+Escape+a+Continuous+Suction+Source+Using+Their+Lateral+Line).">Zebrafish Larvae Exhibit Rheotaxis and Can Escape a Continuous Suction Source Using Their Lateral Line).</a> PLoS One. 7 (5), 36661-36 (2012).</li><li>Liang, J., Wang, D., Renaud, G., Wolfsberg, T. G., Wilson, A. F., Burgess, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Stat3/Socs3a+Pathway+Is+a+Key+Regulator+of+Hair+Cell+Regeneration+in+Zebrafish+[Corrected.">The Stat3/Socs3a Pathway Is a Key Regulator of Hair Cell Regeneration in Zebrafish [Corrected.</a> J. Neurosci. 32 (31), 10662-10673 (2012).</li><li>Nakae, M., Asaoka, R., Wada, H., Sasaki, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+Dye+Staining+of+Neuromasts+in+Live+Fishes:+An+Aid+to+Systematic+Studies.">Fluorescent Dye Staining of Neuromasts in Live Fishes: An Aid to Systematic Studies.</a> Ichthyol Res. , 286-290 (2012).</li><li>Magrassi, L., Purves, D., Lichtman, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+Probes+That+Stain+Living+Nerve+Terminals.">Fluorescent Probes That Stain Living Nerve Terminals.</a> The J. Neurosci. 7 (4), 1207-1214 (1987).</li><li>Owens, K. N., Coffin, A. B., Hong, L. S., Bennett, K. O., Rubel, E. W., Raible, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Response+of+Mechanosensory+Hair+Cells+of+the+Zebrafish+Lateral+Line+to+Aminoglycosides+Reveals+Distinct+Cell+Death+Pathways.">Response of Mechanosensory Hair Cells of the Zebrafish Lateral Line to Aminoglycosides Reveals Distinct Cell Death Pathways.</a> Hear. Res. 253 (1-2), 1-2 (2009).</li><li>Namdaran, P., Reinhart, K. E., Owens, K. N., Raible, D. W., Rubel, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Identification of Modulators of Hair Cell Regeneration in the Zebrafish Lateral. 32 (10), 3516-3528 (2012).</li><li>Herrera, A. A., Banner, L. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Use+and+Effects+of+Vital+Fluorescent+Dyes:+Observation+of+Motor+Nerve+Terminals+and+Satellite+Cells+in+Living+Frog+Muscles.">The Use and Effects of Vital Fluorescent Dyes: Observation of Motor Nerve Terminals and Satellite Cells in Living Frog Muscles.</a> J. Neurocytol. 19 (1), 67-83 (1990).</li><li>Hickey, P. C., Jacobson, D., Read, N. D., Louise Glass, ., L, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live-Cell+Imaging+of+Vegetative+Hyphal+Fusion+in+Neurospora+Crassa.">Live-Cell Imaging of Vegetative Hyphal Fusion in Neurospora Crassa.</a> Fungal. Genet. Biol. 37 (1), 109-119 (2002).</li><li>Olsen, A. S., Sarras, M. P., Intine, R. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limb+Regeneration+Is+Impaired+in+an+Adult+Zebrafish+Model+of+Diabetes+Mellitus.">Limb Regeneration Is Impaired in an Adult Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus.</a> Wound Repair Regen. 18 (5), 532-542 (2010).</li><li>Olsen, A. S., Sarras, M. P., Leontovich, A., Intine, R. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heritable+Transmission+of+Diabetic+Metabolic+Memory+in+Zebrafish+Correlates+With+DNA+Hypomethylation+and+Aberrant+Gene+Expression.">Heritable Transmission of Diabetic Metabolic Memory in Zebrafish Correlates With DNA Hypomethylation and Aberrant Gene Expression.</a> Diabetes. 61 (2), 485-491 (2012).</li></ol>

This work was supported by a research grant from the Iacocca Family Foundation, National Institutes of Health Grant DK092721 (to R.V.I.), and Rosalind Franklin University start-up funds. No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. G.C.P., S.M.M, and N.D. researched data. M.P.S. Jr. and RI oversaw the project, contributed to the discussion of the data, and oversaw the writing and editing of the manuscript.

استنادا إلى مجموعة كبيرة من المؤلفات التي أنشئت لتحليل الخط الجانبي (LL) في تجديد الجنينية واليرقات الزرد 8،24،25، كان الهدف من دراستنا لوضع مقايسة الكمية لتجديد خط الجانبي في الزرد التي يمكن أن يتم تطبيقها على نماذج المرض التي من الأفضل أن تدرس في الأسماك البالغة...

الخط الجانبي (LL) هو نظام الجهاز ميكانيكية حسية وجدت في كل من الأسماك والبرمائيات هي المسؤولة عن السمع والتوازن والتوسط انجذاب تياري والسلوكيات مثل التعليم وتجنب الحيوانات المفترسة 1-5. وتتكون من مجموعات من الخلايا محاطة خلايا الشعر الداعمة، وكلاهما المتمركزة في هياكل ودعا neuromasts 6. ويتم تنظيم هذه neuromasts عادة في خطوط عمودية (وتسمى غرزة) على طول المحور الطولي للجسم والذيل مع بعض الغرز الأفقي لوحظ في الرأس من الأسماك. في الكبار، neuromasts هي أكبر بكثير في عدد الغرز داخل بالمقارنة مع الجنينية أو اليرقات السمكية 6. وقد ركزت الدراسات الطبية الحيوية في الزرد على تأثير العلاج بالمضادات الحيوية، والصدمات النفسية الناجمة عن الضوضاء، والعدوى المزمنة، الخ. على خلايا الشعر 7،8 في محاولة لفهم أفضل لآثارها في البشر. وخلافا لمعظم الفقاريات، الشركة المصرية للاتصالاتleosts، مثل الزرد (دانيو rerio)، لديها القدرة على تجديد خلايا الشعر المفقودة. الزرد هي مفيدة بشكل خاص بسبب وقتهم التطور السريع والقدرة على التجدد عالية. حتى الآن، ولكن؛ وقد استخدمت الدراسات الزرد على تطوير الخط الجانبي و / أو تجديد أساسا الأسماك واليرقات المرحلة الجنينية بسبب انخفاض عدد neuromasts الخط الجانبي الذي يسمح لتسهيل الفرز والتحليل 6،9،10. ومع ذلك، يتم دراسة العديد من نماذج الزرد من الأمراض العصبية وغير العصبية 11-16 في الأسماك البالغة وليس اليرقات، ركزنا على تطوير التجدد فحص الخط الجانبي في الزرد الكبار باستخدام الجنتاميسين (أمينوغليكوزيد المستخدمة سابقا في اليرقات الزرد و تستخدم في الآونة الأخيرة مع الأسماك البالغة 17) بحيث كان الفحص المتاحة التي يمكن تطبيقها على الكبار نماذج المرض الزرد الحالي. في حين نشرت سابقا الإجراءات التي كتبها فان ترامب هر آل 17 التي أنشئت شروط الاجتثاث خلية الشعر في الأسماك البالغة، إلا أنها لم تنشئ المنحنى القياسي لتجديد neuromast وهو مطلوب للمقارنة كمية بين السيطرة والمجموعات التجريبية مثل عند استخدام خطوط الزرد المعدلة وراثيا أو الحالات المرضية التي يسببها عقاقيري- في الزرد 18. وبالتالي فإننا الإجراءات المتبعة فان ترامب وآخرون (17) لالاجتثاث خلية الشعر، ولكن مبنية على عملهم لإنشاء منحنى القياسية للتجديد neuromast لتمكين الباحثين لاستخدام البيانات المتوفرة لدينا عند مقارنة الضابطة والتجريبية مثل مع نماذج مرض الزرد الكبار . وقد تم تصميم الفحص أيضا للسماح بتمديد التحليل إلى خلية الشعر الفردية عندما يكون مطلوبا مستوى أعلى من القرار.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="431">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin sulfate solution (50mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G1397</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2 Phenoxyethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P1126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-4-diethylaminostryryl-N-methylpyridinium iodide (4-Di-2-Asp)</td>
			<td>Aldrich</td>
			<td>D-3418</td>
			<td>485 nm excitation &#955; and 603 nm emission &#955;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>in methanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plates</td>
			<td>Mid Sci</td>
			<td>TP92006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-757-13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Bottom Microwell Dishes</td>
			<td>Matek Corporation</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-14-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting&#160; Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>TMZ-1500</td>
			<td>Any dissecting microscope is fine.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera for Imaging</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Q imaging</td>
			<td>Any camera is suitable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image J software</td>
			<td>National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td>NIH Image</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS Elements</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any imaging software is suitable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>FV10i</td>
			<td>Any high resolution fluorescent microscope is suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aquatic System</td>
			<td>&#160;KG Aquatics ZFS Rack System.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any aquatic system can be used</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an assay for lateral line regeneration in adult zebrafish

نظرا لأهمية سريرية السمع واضطرابات التوازن في الإنسان والكائنات نموذج مثل الزرد وقد استخدمت لدراسة تطوير وتجديد الخط الجانبي. الزرد هو جاذبية خاصة لمثل هذه الدراسات لما له من وقت التطوير السريع والقدرة العالية على التجدد. حتى الآن، وقد استخدمت الدراسات الزرد الوحشي من خط التجديد أساسا الأسماك من المراحل الجنينية واليرقات بسبب انخفاض عدد neuromasts في هذه المراحل. جعلت هذا التحليل الكمي من الخط الجانبي تجديد / أو تطوير وأسهل في المراحل التنموية السابقة. لأنه يتم دراسة العديد من النماذج الزرد من الأمراض العصبية وغير العصبية في الأسماك البالغة وليس في الجنين / اليرقات، ركزنا على تطوير الكمي الأفقي خط التجدد مقايسة في الزرد الكبار بحيث كان الفحص المتاحة التي يمكن تطبيقها على الحالي نماذج المرض الزرد الكبار. بناء على الدراسات السابقة من قبل فان Trumع وآخرون 17 التي وصفت إجراءات الاجتثاث من خلايا الشعر في الكبار المكسيكية الأسماك العمياء الكهف والزرد (دانيو rerio)، وقد صمم الاختبار لدينا للسماح المقارنة الكمية بين السيطرة والمجموعات التجريبية. وقد تحقق هذا من خلال تطوير منحنى القياسية neuromast التجدد على أساس المئة من ظهور neuromast على مدى فترة زمنية 24 ساعة التالية نخر الناجم عن جنتاميسين من خلايا الشعر في منطقة محددة من الخط الجانبي. وقد تم تصميم الفحص أيضا للسماح بتمديد التحليل إلى مستوى خلية الشعر الفرد عندما يطلب إلى مستوى أعلى من القرار.

تعظيم الاستفادة من إجراءات لقياس neuromast تجديد الخط الجانبي في الزرد الكبار. وneuromasts من الزرد اليرقات هي قابلة للقياس بسهولة؛ ومع ذلك، فإن الخط الجانبي من الزرد الكبار لديها عدد أكبر بكثير من neuromasts في غرزة جعل التحليلات ال?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Assay for Lateral Line Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish at JoVE.com

An Assay for Lateral Line Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish

لأنه يتم دراسة العديد من النماذج الزرد من الأمراض العصبية وغير العصبية في الأسماك البالغة بدلا من الجنين / اليرقات، وضعنا كمية الجانبي الخط التجديدي الفحص التي يمكن تطبيقها على نماذج المرض الزرد الكبار. تشارك مقايسة القرار في 1) neuromast و2) مستويات خلية الشعر الفردية.

على الفحص لتجديد الخط الجانبي في اسماك الزرد الكبار

Due to the clinical importance of hearing and balance disorders in man, model organisms such as the zebrafish have been used to study lateral line ...

an-assay-for-lateral-line-regeneration-in-adult-zebrafish

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

12.5K Views.  Dr. William M Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science.  لأنه يتم دراسة العديد من النماذج الزرد من الأمراض العصبية وغير العصبية في الأسماك البالغة بدلا من الجنين / اليرقات، وضعنا كمية الجانبي الخط التجديدي الفحص التي يمكن تطبيقها على نماذج المرض الزرد الكبار. تشارك مقايسة القرار في 1) neuromast و2) مس?...

Video: An Assay for Lateral Line Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish

Transplantation of Whole Kidney Marrow in Adult Zebrafish

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a rare population of pluripotent cells that maintain all the differentiated blood lineages throughout the life of an organism. The functional definition of a HSC is a transplanted cell that has the ability to reconstitute all the blood lineages of an irradiated recipient long term. This designation was established by decades of seminal work in mammalian systems. Using hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and reverse genetic manipulations in the mouse, the underlying regulatory factors of HSC biology are beginning to be unveiled, but are still largely under-explored. Recently, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful genetic model to study vertebrate hematopoiesis. Establishing HCT in zebrafish will allow scientists to utilize the large-scale genetic and chemical screening methodologies available in zebrafish to reveal novel mechanisms underlying HSC regulation. In this article, we demonstrate a method to perform HCT in adult zebrafish. We show the dissection and preparation of zebrafish whole kidney marrow, the site of adult hematopoiesis in the zebrafish, and the introduction of these donor cells into the circulation of irradiated recipient fish via intracardiac injection. Additionally, we describe the post-transplant care of fish in an "ICU" to increase their long-term health. In general, gentle care of the fish before, during, and after the transplant is critical to increase the number of fish that will survive more than one month following the procedure, which is essential for assessment of long term (&lt;3 month) engraftment. The experimental data used to establish this protocol will be published elsewhere. The establishment of this protocol will allow for the merger of large-scale zebrafish genetics and transplant biology.

In this article, we demonstrate a method to perform HCT in adult zebrafish.

زرع نخاع الكلى في الجامعة اسماك الزرد الكبار

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a rare population of pluripotent cells that maintain all the differentiated blood lineages throughout the life of an ...

Cellular Toxicity of Nanogenomedicine in MCF-7 Cell Line: MTT assay

Cytotoxicity of the futuristic nanogenomedicine (e.g., short interfering RNA and antisense) may hamper its clinical development. Of these, the gene-based medicine and/or its carrier may elicit cellular toxicity. For assessment of such cytotoxicity, a common methodology is largely dependent upon utilization of the 3-(4, 5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which has been widely used as a colorimetric approach based on the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes in cells. In this current investigation, MCF-7 cells were inoculated in 96-well plate and at 50% confluency they were treated with different nanopolyplexes and subjected to MTT assay after 24 hours. Water soluble yellow MTT is metabolized by the metabolically active cells to the water insoluble purple formazan, which is further dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and Sornson s buffer pH 10.5. The resultant product can be quantified by spectrophotometry using a plate reader at 570 nm.

The MTT assay is an easy and reproducible colorimetric assay for evaluation of cell viability based on reduction of yellow MTT and production of water insoluble purple formazan. Here, the viability of MCF-7 cells upon treatment of nanogenomedicine has been evaluated.

سمية Nanogenomedicine الخلوية في الخط الخليوي MCF - 7 : فحص MTT

Cytotoxicity of the futuristic nanogenomedicine (e.g., short interfering RNA and antisense) may hamper its clinical development. Of these, the gene-based ...

Retro-orbital Injection in Adult Zebrafish

Drug treatment of whole animals is an essential tool in any model system for pharmacological and chemical genetic studies. Intravenous (IV) injection is often the most effective and noninvasive form of delivery of an agent of interest. In the zebrafish (Danio rerio), IV injection of drugs has long been a challenge because of the small vessel diameter. This has also proved a significant hurdle for the injection of cells during hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation. Historically, injections into the bloodstream were done directly through the heart. However, this intra-cardiac procedure has a very high mortality rate as the heart is often punctured during injection leaving the fish prone to infection, massive blood loss or fatal organ damage. Drawing on our experience with the mouse, we have developed a new injection procedure in the zebrafish in which the injection site is behind the eye and into the retro-orbital venous sinus. This retro-orbital (RO) injection technique has been successfully employed in both the injection of drugs in the adult fish as well as transplantation of whole kidney marrow cells. RO injection has a much lower mortality rate than traditional intra-cardiac injection. Fish that are injected retro-orbitally tend to bleed less following injection and are at a much lower risk of injury to a major organ like the heart. Further, when performed properly, injected cells and/or drugs quickly enter the bloodstream allowing compounds to exert their effect on the whole fish and kidney cells to easily home to their niche. Thus, this new injection technique minimizes mortality while allowing efficient delivery of material into the bloodstream of adult fish. Here we exemplify this technique by retro-orbital injection of Tg(globin:GFP) cells into adult casper fish as well as injection of a red fluorescent dye (dextran, Texas Red ) into adult casper fish. We then visualize successful injections by whole animal fluorescence microscopy.

Here we show how to do retro-orbital injection in adult zebrafish.

الرجعية المدارية في حقن اسماك الزرد الكبار

Drug treatment of whole animals is an essential tool in any model system for pharmacological and chemical genetic studies. Intravenous (IV) injection is ...

Intraperitoneal Injection into Adult Zebrafish

A convenient method for chemically treating zebrafish is to introduce the reagent into the tank water, where it will be taken up by the fish. However, this method makes it difficult to know how much reagent is absorbed or taken up per fish. Some experimental questions, particularly those related to metabolic studies, may be better addressed by delivering a defined quantity to each fish, based on weight. Here we present a method for intraperitoneal (IP) injection into adult zebrafish. Injection is into the abdominal cavity, posterior to the pelvic girdle. This procedure is adapted from veterinary methods used for larger fish. It is safe, as we have observed zero mortality. Additionally, we have seen bleeding at the injection site in only 5 out of 127 injections, and in each of those cases the bleeding was brief, lasting several seconds, and the quantity of blood lost was small. Success with this procedure requires gentle handling of the fish through several steps including fasting, weighing, anesthetizing, injection, and recovery. Precautions are required to minimize stress throughout the procedure. Our precautions include using a small injection volume and a 35G needle. We use Cortland salt solution as the vehicle, which is osmotically balanced for freshwater fish. Aeration of the gills is maintained during the injection procedure by first bringing the fish into a surgical plane of anesthesia, which allows slow operculum movements, and second, by holding the fish in a trough within a water-saturated sponge during the injection itself. We demonstrate the utility of IP injection by injecting glucose and monitoring the rise in blood glucose level and its subsequent return to normal. As stress is known to increase blood glucose in teleost fish, we compare blood glucose levels in vehicle-injected and non-injected adults and show that the procedure does not cause a significant rise in blood glucose.

We demonstrate intraperitoneal injection into adult zebrafish. We use a 10 &mu;l NanoFil microsyringe controlled by a Micro4 controller and UltraMicroPump III. This demonstration includes the use of cold water as an anesthetic.

حقن داخل الصفاق الى اسماك الزرد الكبار

A convenient method for chemically treating zebrafish is to introduce the reagent into the tank water, where it will be taken up by the fish. However, ...

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Adult Zebrafish Retina

Many devastating inherited eye diseases result in progressive and irreversible blindness because humans cannot regenerate dying or diseased retinal neurons. In contrast, the adult zebrafish retina possesses the robust ability to spontaneously regenerate any neuronal class that is lost in a variety of different retinal damage models, including retinal puncture, chemical ablation, concentrated high temperature, and intense light treatment 1-8. Our lab extensively characterized regeneration of photoreceptors following constant intense light treatment and inner retinal neurons after intravitreal ouabain injection 2, 5, 9. In all cases, resident M&uuml;ller glia re-enter the cell cycle to produce neuronal progenitors, which continue to proliferate and migrate to the proper retinal layer, where they differentiate into the deficient neurons. 
	We characterized five different stages during regeneration of the light-damaged retina that were highlighted by specific cellular responses. We identified several differentially expressed genes at each stage of retinal regeneration by mRNA microarray analysis 10. Many of these genes are also critical for ocular development. To test the role of each candidate gene/protein during retinal regeneration, we needed to develop a method to conditionally limit the expression of a candidate protein only at times during regeneration of the adult retina. 
	Morpholino oligos are widely used to study loss of function of specific proteins during the development of zebrafish, Xenopus, chick, mouse, and tumors in human xenografts 11-14. These modified oligos basepair with complementary RNA sequence to either block the splicing or translation of the target RNA. Morpholinos are stable in the cell and can eliminate or "knockdown" protein expression for three to five days 12. 
	Here, we describe a method to efficiently knockdown target protein expression in the adult zebrafish retina. This method employs lissamine-tagged antisense morpholinos that are injected into the vitreous of the adult zebrafish eye. Using electrode forceps, the morpholino is then electroporated into all the cell types of the dorsal and central retina. Lissamine provides the charge on the morpholino for electroporation and can be visualized to assess the presence of the morpholino in the retinal cells. 
	Conditional knockdown in the retina can be used to examine the role of specific proteins at different times during regeneration. Additionally, this approach can be used to study the role of specific proteins in the undamaged retina, in such processes as visual transduction and visual processing in second order neurons.

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Adult Zebrafish Retina

A method to conditionally knockdown a target protein&#x2019;s expression in the adult zebrafish retina is described, which involves intravitreally injecting antisense morpholinos and electroporating them into the retina. The resulting protein is knocked down for several days, which allows testing the protein&#x2019;s role in the regenerating or intact retina.

في الجسم الحي من Electroporation Morpholinos في شبكية العين اسماك الزرد الكبار

Many devastating inherited eye diseases result in progressive and irreversible blindness because humans cannot regenerate dying or diseased retinal ...

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin

Certain species of urodeles and teleost fish can regenerate their tissues. Zebrafish have become a widely used model to study the spontaneous regeneration of adult tissues, such as the heart1, retina2, spinal cord3, optic nerve4, sensory hair cells5, and fins6.
The zebrafish fin is a relatively simple appendage that is easily manipulated to study multiple stages in epimorphic regeneration. Classically, fin regeneration was characterized by three distinct stages: wound healing, blastema formation, and fin outgrowth. After amputating part of the fin, the surrounding epithelium proliferates and migrates over the wound. At 33 &deg;C, this process occurs within six hours post-amputation (hpa, Figure 1B)6,7. Next, underlying cells from different lineages (ex. bone, blood, glia, fibroblast) re-enter the cell cycle to form a proliferative blastema, while the overlying epidermis continues to proliferate (Figure 1D)8. Outgrowth occurs as cells proximal to the blastema re-differentiate into their respective lineages to form new tissue (Figure 1E)8. Depending on the level of the amputation, full regeneration is completed in a week to a month.
The expression of a large number of gene families, including wnt, hox, fgf, msx, retinoic acid, shh, notch, bmp, and activin-betaA genes, is up-regulated during specific stages of fin regeneration9-16. However, the roles of these genes and their encoded proteins during regeneration have been difficult to assess, unless a specific inhibitor for the protein exists13, a temperature-sensitive mutant exists or a transgenic animal (either overexpressing the wild-type protein or a dominant-negative protein) was generated7,12. We developed a reverse genetic technique to quickly and easily test the function of any gene during fin regeneration.
Morpholino oligonucleotides are widely used to study loss of specific proteins during zebrafish, Xenopus, chick, and mouse development17-19. Morpholinos basepair with a complementary RNA sequence to either block pre-mRNA splicing or mRNA translation. We describe a method to efficiently introduce fluorescein-tagged antisense morpholinos into regenerating zebrafish fins to knockdown expression of the target protein. The morpholino is micro-injected into each blastema of the regenerating zebrafish tail fin and electroporated into the surrounding cells. Fluorescein provides the charge to electroporate the morpholino and to visualize the morpholino in the fin tissue.
This protocol permits conditional protein knockdown to examine the role of specific proteins during regenerative fin outgrowth. In the Discussion, we describe how this approach can be adapted to study the role of specific proteins during wound healing or blastema formation, as well as a potential marker of cell migration during blastema formation.

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin

We describe a method to conditionally knockdown the expression of a target protein during adult zebrafish fin regeneration. This technique involves micro-injecting and electroporating antisense oligonucleotide morpholinos into fin tissue, which allows testing the protein&#x2019;s role in various stages of fin regeneration, including wound healing, blastema formation, and regenerative outgrowth.

في Electroporation المجراة من Morpholinos في الكبار التجديد زعنفة الذيل الزرد

Certain species of urodeles and teleost fish can regenerate their tissues. Zebrafish have become a widely used model to study the spontaneous regeneration ...

Blood Collection for Biochemical Analysis in Adult Zebrafish

The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of molecular events and therapeutic strategies as well as for evaluating the physiological mechanisms of some pathologies1. 
There are relatively few publications related to adult zebrafish physiology of organs and systems2, which may lead researchers to infer that the basic techniques needed to allow the exploration of zebrafish systems are lacking3. Hematologic biochemical values of zebrafish were first reported in 2003 by Murtha and colleagues4 who employed a blood collection technique first described by Jagadeeswaran and colleagues in 1999. Briefly, blood was collected via a micropipette tip through a lateral incision, approximately 0.3 cm in length, in the region of the dorsal aorta5. Because of the minute dimensions involved, this is a high-precision technique requiring a highly skilled practitioner. The same technique was used by the same group in another publication in that same year6. In 2010, Eames and colleagues assessed whole blood glucose levels in zebrafish7. They gained access to the blood by performing decapitations with scissors and then inserting a heparinized microcapillary collection tube into the pectoral articulation. They mention difficulties with hemolysis that were solved with an appropriate storage temperature based on the work Kilpatrick et al.8. When attempting to use Jagadeeswaran's technique in our laboratory, we found that it was difficult to make the incision in precisely the right place as not to allow a significant amount of blood to be lost before collection could be started. 
Recently, Gupta et al.9 described how to dissect adult zebrafish organs, Kinkle et al.10 described how to perform intraperitoneal injections, and Pugach et al.11 described how to perform retro-orbital injections. However, more work is needed to more fully explore basic techniques for research in zebrafish.
The small size of zebrafish presents challenges for researchers using it as an experimental model. Furthermore, given this smallness of scale, it is important that simple techniques are developed to enable researchers to explore the advantages of the zebrafish model.

This paper presents a technique for collection of blood from the dorsal aorta of Zebrafish. It also provides instructions for obtaining serum for use in biochemical analyses, such as tests for determining cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

جمع الدم لتحليل الكيمياء الحيوية في الزرد الكبار

The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of ...

Gavaging Adult Zebrafish

The zebrafish has become an important in vivo model in biomedical research. Effective methods must be developed and utilized to deliver compounds or agents in solutions for scientific research. Current methods for administering compounds orally to adult zebrafish are inaccurate due to variability in voluntary consumption by the fish. A gavage procedure was developed to deliver precise quantities of infectious agents to zebrafish for study in biomedical research. Adult zebrafish over 6 months of age were anesthetized with 150 mg/L of buffered MS-222 and gavaged with 5 &mu;l of solution using flexible catheter implantation tubing attached to a cut 22-G needle tip. The flexible tubing was lowered into the oral cavity of the zebrafish until the tip of the tubing extended past the gills (approximately 1 cm). The solution was then injected slowly into the intestinal tract. This method was effective 88% of the time, with fish recovering uneventfully. This procedure is also efficient as one person can gavage 20-30 fish in one hour. This method can be used to precisely administer agents for infectious diseases studies, or studies of other compounds in adult zebrafish.

The increasing use of zebrafish as an animal model requires the development of effective methods for the delivery of known quantities of compounds and solutions. The gavage procedure described below allows for the oral delivery of precise volumes of solution reliably, safely and efficiently to adult zebrafish.

Gavaging اسماك الزرد الكبار

The zebrafish has become an important in vivo model in biomedical research. Effective methods must be developed and utilized to deliver compounds or ...

Repeated Blood Collection for Blood Tests in Adult Zebrafish

Repeated blood collection is one of the most common techniques performed on laboratory animals. However, a non-lethal protocol for blood collection from zebrafish has not been established. The previous methods for blood collection from zebrafish are lethal, such as lateral incision, decapitation and tail ablation. Thus we have developed a novel &#8220;repeated&#8221; blood collection method, and present here a detailed protocol outlining this procedure. This method is minimally invasive and results in a very low mortality rate (2.3%) for zebrafish, thus enabling repeated blood sampling from the same individual. The maximum volume of blood sampling is dependent on body weight of the fish. The volume for repeated blood sampling at intervals should be&#160;&#8804;0.4% of body weight every week or &#8804;1% every 2 weeks, which were evaluated by measurements of blood hemoglobin. Additionally, hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol levels in male and female adult zebrafish were measured. We also applied this method to investigate the dysregulation of glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity. This blood collection method will allow many applications, including glucose and lipid metabolism and hematological studies, which will increase the use of zebrafish as a human disease model organism.

Repeated blood sampling is necessary and important in animal research. We developed a novel, non-lethal and reliable method for repeated blood collection from adult zebrafish, and applied this method to the study of blood biochemistry, including glucose metabolism.

كرر جمع الدم لاختبارات الدم في اسماك الزرد الكبار

Repeated blood collection is one of the most common techniques performed on laboratory animals. However, a non-lethal protocol for blood collection from ...

In Vivo Surface Electrocardiography for Adult Zebrafish

The electrocardiogram waveforms of adult zebrafish and those of humans are remarkably similar. These electrocardiogram similarities enhance the value of zebrafish not only as a research model for human cardiac electrophysiology and myopathies but also as a surrogate model in high throughput pharmaceutical screening for potential cardiotoxicities to humans, such as QT prolongation. As such, in vivo electrocardiography for adult zebrafish is an electrical phenotyping tool that is necessary, if not indispensable, for cross-sectional or longitudinal in vivo electrophysiological characterizations. However, too often, the lack of a reliable, practical, and cost-effective recording method remains a major challenge preventing this in vivo diagnostic tool from becoming more readily accessible. Here, we describe a practical, straightforward approach to in vivo electrocardiography for adult zebrafish using a low-maintenance, cost-effective, and comprehensive system that yields consistent, reliable recordings. We illustrate our protocol using healthy adult male zebrafish of 12-18 months of age. We also introduce a rapid real-time interpretation strategy for quality validation to ensure data accuracy and robustness early in the electrocardiogram recording process.

Here, we present a reliable, minimally invasive, and cost-effective method to record and interpret electrocardiograms in live anesthetized adult zebrafish.

في فيفو سطح الكهربائي لحمار وحشي الكبار

The electrocardiogram waveforms of adult zebrafish and those of humans are remarkably similar. These electrocardiogram similarities enhance the value of ...