The authors acknowledge the following funding sources, Whittier Foundation, Harrington Foundation, National Institutes of Health and Research to Prevent Blindness.

وقد تم الحصول على كل العيون منزوعة النواة من مسلخ وتم إجراء جميع التجارب وفقا للقوانين المؤسسية للسلامة الأحيائية. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تأمين العين منزوعة النواة لأسفل على السطح. القيام بذلك عن طريق وضع دبابيس الأنسجة من خلال الأنسجة الزائدة حول العين وتأمين عليه في مجلس الستايروفوم. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تشريح وفصل الملتحمة محيط بالحوف من العين. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استخدام ملقط غرامة (0.3 ملقط) وmicroscissors (مقص يستكوت) إلى شق الملتحمة في حوف وبصراحة تشريح تشغيله الصلبة. قطع الملتحمة على طول حوف كعائدات للتشريح حادة للسماح للمزيد من تشريح. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة الملتحمة على طول الطريق حول العين (360 درجة) لفضح قدر الصلبة ممكن. ملاحظة: ومن المفيد لترك كمية صغيرة من الملتحمة لتسهيل تثبيت مكان العين مع دبابيس جراحية أو ملقط خلال الفترة المتبقية من هذا الإجراء. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إنشاء رفرف الصلبة سمك كامل طول واحدجانب من العين (مشرط شفرة 69). <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> جعل ~ 5 مم شق الصلبة بالتوازي مع حوف و 3 ملم الخلفي إلى حوف عن طريق خفض بلطف الصلبة مع مشرط (مبضع شفرة 11) حتى المشيمية المصطبغة بحزن غير مرئية. يجب الحرص على عدم شق المشيمية نفسها. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تشريح بعناية على طول الطائرة بين الصلبة والمشيمية، إما مع مقص (باستخدام تشريح حادة) أو مع مشرط، حتى أنه من الممكن تكبير مساحة المحتمل بين هذه الأنسجة عن طريق دفع المشيمية بلطف إلى الداخل. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> جعل شق الصلبة آخر عمودي على أول شق الصلبة مع microscissors حاد، وخلق شق على شكل T. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ثم الاستمرار في تشريح بصراحة بطريقة كفافي لإزالة الأنسجة صلبوية من المشيمية الكامنة وبلطف دفع المشيمية بعيدا عن الصلبة على النحو المذكور أعلاه. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تكبير رفرف الصلبة حسب الحاجة. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بلطف بلانت تشريح المشيمية بعيدا عن الصلبةطوال العملية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تكبير رفرف حتى شق عمودي على حوف تصل إلى العصب البصري وإجراء شق مواز لحوف هو الثلث على الأقل من محيط العين (45 درجة). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استخدام رفرف الصلبة كمصدر للنفوذ لمعالجة العين أثناء تشريح حادة. وجر مضاد على رفرف يجعل من الاسهل لتشريح حادة. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> كرر الخطوة السابقة على رفرف الصلبة الأخرى. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قطع اللوحات صلبوية لفضح مساحة واسعة من المشيمية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> مواصلة شق في الخطوة 3 حول محيط العين (360 درجة). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة الأنسجة المشيمية، الشبكية المتبقية. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> داخل المنطقة المكشوفة، واستخدام القطن طرف لتنظيف بلطف بعيدا عن الأنسجة المشيمية الشبكية المتبقية. بدلا من ذلك، والاستيلاء على بلطف الأنسجة مع ملقط وقشر تشغيله الجسم الزجاجي الأساسي. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إذا لزم الأمر إجراء شق في المشيمية الواحدarting من العصب البصري. ثم قشر بعيدا المشيمية بلطف لفضح الشبكية والجسم الزجاجي القشرة. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تواصل كليلة تشريح المشيمية بعيدا عن الصلبة ومن ثم قشر بعيدا المشيمية للحصول على كامل، زجاجي سليمة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استخدام حافة صلبوية تعلق على القرنية لوضع زجاجي كله في الموقع المطلوب. عند هذه النقطة، يتم إرفاق زجاجي لالصلبة الأمامية والعدسة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بلانت تشريح الجسم الزجاجي من داخل الصلبة، حول العدسة، وإزالة جميع الصلبة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استخدام أداة حادة لحلج القطن العدسة بعيدا عن الجسم الزجاجي إذا لزم الأمر. استخدام نموذج لمختلف التجارب vitreodynamic. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع العينة في دورق زجاجي مع المساحة السطحية المعروفة تعرضها للهواء. وضع الأكسجين التحقيق حساسة على حافة العينة. استخدام مناور الصغيرة لنقل التحقيق إلى مسافة معروفة (ص) في العينة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استخدام قوانين فيك من نشر للحصول على معادلة الانتشار النظرية. مع داتا التي تم جمعها في الخطوة 10.1، يجب الحصول على المدى معامل الانتشار التجريبي / رد فعل الخ </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

هناك نوعان من الخطوات الحاسمة التي يجب تنفيذها بعناية أثناء تشريح الجسم الزجاجي. الخطوة 3، وخلق رفرف الصلبة سمك الكامل، هو أمر حاسم في تشريح كامل. ينبغي الحرص على عدم قطع في المشيمية عند إنشاء سمك كامل رفرف الصلبة. في خطوة حاسمة أخرى يتم تشريح بعيدا الصلبة من المشيمية....

والهدف من هذه الطريقة هو بالتفاصيل تقنية لعزل كله، الجسم الزجاجي سليمة، مع جوهر الزجاجي والقشرة سليمة، من العين جيفة، لأغراض التحليل vitreodynamic. كما مجال علم وظائف الأعضاء الزجاجي نمت والباحثين متعدد التخصصات، مثل ميكانيكا السوائل الباحثين، والتحقيق في الخصائص الفيزيائية والنشاط الحيوي للالزجاجي 1. تحقيقا لهذه الغاية، لا بد من التفصيل تقنية لعزل العموم، الجسم الزجاجي سليمة لمساعدة الباحثين متعدد التخصصات. سيباغ وآخرون. (2) وغيرها 3 إجراء تشريح زجاجي كلها أنيقة على عيون جيفة الإنسان وأظهرت الرسوم التوضيحية للنتائج. ومع ذلك، لم يكن وصف التقنية المستخدمة في التفاصيل وغير الخبراء لن تكون قادرة على تكرار الأسلوب بشكل مستقل. وقد تحصد دراسات أخرى الزجاجي من العين جيفة باستخدام أساليب أبسط مثل الطموح أو تشريح الجزئي،وكلاهما لا يؤدي إلى كله، والجسم الزجاجي سليمة. Gisladottis وآخرون. (4) وشو وآخرون. 5 تحقيق النفاذية في النكتة الزجاجي تحصد من عيون الجثث. ومع ذلك، منذ أن تم وصفها لا توجد طريقة لاستخراج زجاجي، كان من المفترض أنها يستنشق النكتة زجاجي مع حقنة. واتس وآخرون. 6 ذهب خطوة أبعد من خلال وصف وسيلة لعزل الأرانب الفكاهة زجاجي مع تقنية جراحية. ومع ذلك، يؤدي هذا الأسلوب في عزلة من مجرد الأساسية الزجاجي وليس القشرة زجاجي. Skeie وآخرون. 7 نظمت في وقت لاحق زجاجي في 4 مناطق فريدة وذكية وصفت طريقة لتشريح خارج كل جزء لتحليلها. هذه التقنية ومع ذلك، لا يؤدي إلى الجسم الزجاجي سليمة ككل. وقد تم تطوير هذه التقنية الحالية لتسهيل التجارب الفيزيائية الحيوية التي يتم حاليا القيام بها إلا في عيون جيفة. الأساليب السابقة، كما وصفها أحدبوف، تقتصر لأن 1) لا يوجد عزل كامل الجسم الزجاجي كله، 2) تحصد الأساسية الزجاجي والقشرة والمتجانس، 3) لا يتم الاحتفاظ التركيب التشريحي الزجاجي، أو 4) لا يتم تفصيل تقنيات تشريح كاف لتكرارها من قبل الباحثين في مجالات أخرى . بالإضافة إلى ذلك، نظرا لغموض الصلبة والمشيمية، والتصور من الجسم الزجاجي محدودة في مقلة العين سليمة. وهذا يحد من الدقة والجدوى من القياسات التي يمكن إجراؤها داخل العين بأكملها. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن للهياكل تشريحية المحيطة زجاجي تربك دراسة الخصائص الحيوية والفيزيائية للزجاجي. في السنوات الأخيرة، ازداد الجسم العلوم زجاجي كبير وليس هناك سبب للاعتقاد بأن الجسم الزجاجي كله لديه خصائص مختلفة من أجزائه الفردية. هناك اهتمام متزايد في التحقيق في الخصائص الفيزيائية، النشاط الحيوي، والكيميائية من الجسم الزجاجي للvitreodynamics researcح، والتي لها تطبيقات في الطب السريري مثل تسليم المخدرات، الأوكسجين intravitreal 8 و استئصال الزجاجية. vitreodynamics الدوائية، والذي يستخدم عاملات دوائية لمعالجة الجسم الزجاجي، ويمكن استخدامها لتحسين نتائج استئصال الزجاجية 9. يتم استخدام خصائص النشاط الحيوي لنمذجة تدفق السائل الزجاجي، والتي يمكن استخدامها لتحسين تقنيات تسليم المخدرات intravitreal 10-12. الخصائص الفيزيائية للشرائح مختلفة من الجسم الزجاجي ضرورية لفهم الجسم الزجاجي الشبكية نقل الأكسجين 13. تقنية تشريح زجاجي المقترحة يمكن استخدامها لدراسة خصائص مختلفة من الفكاهة زجاجي سليمة. فإنه يتيح مقعد بين كبار التجارب الذي يتعين القيام به في الهيئات زجاجي كامل، سليمة مع أفضل التصور. باختصار، الأساليب الحالية لدراسة الجسم الزجاجي إما غير وصفت على نحو كاف، أو تؤدي إلى عزلة غير مكتملة جوهر الزجاجي والقشرة. ولذلك، هناك حاجة لإجراء هxperiments في نموذج العين شفاف مع الإبقاء على تشريح الجسم الزجاجي الموجود في العين جيفة.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.3 forceps</td>
			<td>Storz Opthalmics</td>
			<td>E1793</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Westcott Tenotomy Scissors Curved Right</td>
			<td>Storz Opthalmics</td>
			<td>E3320 R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Handle No. 3</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>25607-947</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Blade, #11, for #3 Handle</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>470174-844</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

whole vitreous humor dissection for vitreodynamic analysis

The authors propose an effective technique to isolate whole, intact vitreous core and cortex from post mortem enucleated porcine eyes. While previous studies have shown the results of such dissections, the detailed steps have not been described, precluding researchers outside the field from replicating their methods. Other studies harvest vitreous either through aspiration, which does not maintain the vitreous structure anatomy, or through partial dissection, which only isolates the vitreous core. The proposed method isolates the whole vitreous body, with the vitreous core and cortex intact, while maintaining vitreous anatomy and structural integrity. In this method, a full thickness scleral flap in an enucleated porcine eye is first created and through this, the choroid tissue can be separated from the sclera. The scleral flap is then expanded and the choroid is completely separated from the sclera. Finally the choroid-retina tissue is peeled off the vitreous to leave an isolated intact vitreous body. The proposed vitreous dissection technique can be used to study physical properties of the vitreous humor. In particular, this method has significance for experimental studies involving drug delivery, vitreo-retinal oxygen transport, and intraocular convection.

وبعد بروتوكول يؤدي إلى تشريح الجسم الزجاجي ناجح مع جوهر والقشرة (الشكل 3) سليمة. وهذا واضح من القطع المتبقية من الشبكية انضمت إلى القشرة زجاجي. سليمة الفكاهة زجاجي كلها يمكن استخدامها في عدة طرق لإجراء التجارب vitreodynamic محددة. في حالتنا، فإن معدل انتشار الأكسجي...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis at JoVE.com

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis

The goal of this protocol is to show an effective technique to isolate whole, intact vitreous core and cortex from post mortem enucleated porcine eyes.

زجاجي كله فكاهة تشريح لتحليل Vitreodynamic

The authors propose an effective technique to isolate whole, intact vitreous core and cortex from post mortem enucleated porcine eyes. While previous ...

whole-vitreous-humor-dissection-for-vitreodynamic-analysis

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.3K Views.  University of Southern California. The goal of this protocol is to show an effective technique to isolate whole, intact vitreous core and cortex from post mortem enucleated porcine eyes.

Video: Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis

Dissection of Human Vitreous Body Elements for Proteomic Analysis

The vitreous is an optically clear, collagenous extracellular matrix that fills the inside of the eye and overlies the retina. 1,2 Abnormal interactions between vitreous substructures and the retina underlie several vitreoretinal diseases, including retinal tear and detachment, macular pucker, macular hole, age-related macular degeneration, vitreomacular traction, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and inherited vitreoretinopathies. 1,2 The molecular composition of the vitreous substructures is not known. Since the vitreous body is transparent with limited surgical access, it has been difficult to study its substructures at the molecular level. We developed a method to separate and preserve these tissues for proteomic and biochemical analysis. The dissection technique in this experimental video shows how to isolate vitreous base, anterior hyaloid, vitreous core, and vitreous cortex from postmortem human eyes. One-dimensional SDS-PAGE analyses of each vitreous component showed that our dissection technique resulted in four unique protein profiles corresponding to each substructure of the human vitreous body. Identification of differentially compartmentalized proteins will reveal candidate molecules underlying various vitreoretinal diseases.

This video shows an effective technique for differentiating and dissecting the various semi-transparent structures of the human vitreous body in post mortem eyes.

تشريح الإنسان عناصر الجسم الزجاجي لتحليل البروتين

The vitreous is an optically clear, collagenous extracellular matrix that fills the inside of the eye and overlies the retina. 1,2 Abnormal interactions ...

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body temperature that is observed during fever. The use of hyperthermia as an adjuvant has emerged as a promising procedure for tumor regression in the field of cancer biology. For this purpose, the most important requirement is to have reliable and uniform heating protocols. We have developed a protocol for hyperthermia (whole body) in mice. In this protocol, animals are exposed to cycles of hyperthermia for 90 min followed by a rest period of 15 min. During this period mice have easy access to food and water. High body temperature spikes in the mice during first few hyperthermia exposure cycles are prevented by immobilizing the animal. Additionally, normal saline is administered in first few cycles to minimize the effects of dehydration. This protocol can simulate fever like conditions in mice up to 12-24 hr. We have used 8-12 weeks old BALB/Cj female mice to demonstrate the protocol.

This paper describes a protocol for whole body hyperthermia in mice that can stimulate fever like conditions up to 12-24 hr.

بروتوكول لونغ ارتفاع الحرارة المدة الجسم الجامع في الفئران

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body ...

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

Cardiac regenerative therapies aim to protect and repair the injured heart in patients with ischemic heart disease. By injecting stem cells or other biologicals that enhance angio- or vasculogenesis into the infarct border zone (IBZ), tissue perfusion is improved, and the myocardium can be protected from further damage. For maximum therapeutic effect, it is hypothesized that the regenerative substance is best delivered to the IBZ. This requires accurate injections and has led to the development of new injection techniques. To validate these new techniques, we have designed a validation protocol based on myocardial tissue analysis. This protocol includes whole-heart myocardial tissue processing that enables detailed two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the cardiac anatomy and intramyocardial injections. In a pig, myocardial infarction was created by a 90-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks later, a mixture of a hydrogel with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) and fluorescent beads was injected in the IBZ using a minimally-invasive endocardial approach. 1 h after the injection procedure, the pig was euthanized, and the heart was excised and embedded in agarose (agar). After the solidification of the agar, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), slicing of the heart, and fluorescence imaging were performed. After image post-processing, 3D analysis was performed to assess the IBZ targeting accuracy. This protocol provides a structured and reproducible method for the assessment of the targeting accuracy of intramyocardial injections into the IBZ. The protocol can be easily used when the processing of scar tissue and/or validation of the injection accuracy of the whole heart is desired.

This protocol describes a novel method for the 3D comparison of whole-heart myocardial tissue with MRI. This is designed for the accurate assessment of intramyocardial injections in the infarct border zone of a chronic porcine model of myocardial infarction.

3D الجامع القلب تحليل الأنسجة عضلة القلب

Cardiac regenerative therapies aim to protect and repair the injured heart in patients with ischemic heart disease. By injecting stem cells or other ...

Dissection of the Mouse Pancreas for Histological Analysis and Metabolic Profiling

We have been investigating the pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a cre-recombinase; lox-stop-lox- Kristen rat sarcoma, glycine to aspartic acid at the 12 codon (Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+) mouse strain as a model of human pancreatic cancer. The goal of our current studies is to identify novel metabolic biomarkers of pancreatic cancer progression. We have performed metabolic profiling of urine, feces, blood, and pancreas tissue extracts, as well as histological analyses of the pancreas to stage the cancer progression. The mouse pancreas is not a well-defined solid organ like in humans, but rather is a diffusely distributed soft tissue that is not easily identified by individuals unfamiliar with mouse internal anatomy or by individuals that have little or no experience performing mouse organ dissections. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed step-wise visual demonstration to guide novices in the removal of the mouse pancreas by dissection. This article should be especially valuable to students and investigators new to research that requires harvesting of the mouse pancreas by dissection for metabolic profiling or histological analyses.

This video article provides a detailed demonstration of the procedures required to successfully remove the pancreas from a mouse by dissection for histological analysis and metabolic profiling.

تشريح البنكرياس الماوس للتحليل النسيجي والتنميط الأيضية

We have been investigating the pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a cre-recombinase; lox-stop-lox- Kristen rat sarcoma, glycine to aspartic acid at ...

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual

The middle ear is located in the center of the temporal bone and bears a highly complex anatomy. The recently introduced exclusively endoscopic transcanal approach to the middle ear is a minimally invasive technique sparing the bone and mucosa of the mastoid bone, since the middle ear is accessed through the external auditory canal. This emerging method has several advantages over the traditional (microscopic) approaches to the middle ear such as the panoramic wide-angle views of the anatomy, the possibility to approach and magnify tiny structures, and the possibility of looking around the corner using angled endoscopes.
The cadaveric dissection method presented here consists of an overview on the technical requirements and a precise description of a step-by-step protocol to discover the anatomy of the middle ear. Each step and anatomical structure is carefully described in order to provide a comprehensive guide to endoscopic ear anatomy. In our opinion, this is particularly important to any novice in endoscopic ear surgery as it provides thorough anatomical knowledge and may improve surgical skills.

The aim of this article is to describe the methodology of exclusively endoscopic cadaveric middle ear dissection. Moreover, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide to endoscopic middle ear anatomy.

اكتشاف تشريح الإذن الوسطى بجراحه الإذن بالمنظار ترانسكانال: دليل تشريح

The middle ear is located in the center of the temporal bone and bears a highly complex anatomy. The recently introduced exclusively endoscopic transcanal ...

Dissection and Explant Culture of Murine Allantois for the In Vitro Analysis of Allantoic Attachment

The placenta is essential for the growth and development of mammalian embryos. For this reason, numerous genetic alterations and likely also environmental insults that disturb placenta development or function can cause early pregnancy loss in mice and humans. Nevertheless, simple in vitro assays to screen for potential effects on placenta formation are lacking. Here, we focus on modeling the first and critical step in placenta formation, which consists of the attachment of the allantois to the chorion. We describe a method to rapidly assess the attachment of allantoic explants on immobilized &#945;4&#946;1 integrin, which serves as a chorio-mimetic substrate.This in vitro approach enables a qualitative evaluation of the attachment and spreading behavior of multiple allantois explants at different consecutive time points. The protocol may be used to investigate the effect of targeted mouse mutations, drugs, or various environmental factors that have been linked to pregnancy complications or fetal loss on allantois attachment ex vivo.

Dissection and Explant Culture of Murine Allantois for the In Vitro Analysis of Allantoic Attachment

We describe an in vitro assay to model chorioallantoic attachment, the first step in placenta formation. The protocol demonstrates the dissection and explant culture of murine allantoides on immobilized &#945;4&#946;1 integrin. Allantois attachment is evaluated microscopically at pre-determined time points.

تشريح وثقافة Explant موريني Allantois للتحليل في المختبر للحجز الانتويك

The placenta is essential for the growth and development of mammalian embryos. For this reason, numerous genetic alterations and likely also environmental ...

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI&#8212;Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Recent advances in MRI offer a variety of useful markers to identify neurodegenerative diseases. In Huntington&#39;s disease (HD), regional brain atrophy begins many years prior to the motor onset (during the &#34;premanifest&#34; period), but the spatiotemporal pattern of regional atrophy across the brain has not been fully characterized. Here we demonstrate an online cloud-computing platform, &#34;MRICloud&#34;, which provides atlas-based whole-brain segmentation of T1-weighted images at multiple granularity levels, and thereby, enables us to access the regional features of brain anatomy. We then describe a regression model that detects statistically significant inflection points, at which regional brain atrophy starts to be noticeable, i.e. the &#34;change-point&#34;, with respect to a disease progression index. We used the CAG-age product (CAP) score to index the disease progression in HD patients. Change-point analysis of the volumetric measurements from the segmentation pipeline, therefore, provides important information of the order and pattern of structural atrophy across the brain. The paper illustrates the use of these techniques on T1-weighted MRI data of premanifest HD subjects from a large multicenter PREDICT-HD study. This design potentially has wide applications in a range of neurodegenerative diseases to investigate the dynamic changes of brain anatomy.

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI&amp;#8212;Application in Premanifest Huntington&#039;s Disease

This paper describes a statistical model for volumetric MRI data analysis, which identifies the &#34;change-point&#34; when brain atrophy begins in premanifest Huntington&#39;s disease. Whole-brain mapping of the change-points is achieved based on brain volumes obtained using an atlas-based segmentation pipeline of T1-weighted images.

الدماغ كل تجزئة وتحليل التغيير-نقطة من الدماغ التشريحية التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي – التطبيق في مرض هنتنغتون بريمانيفيست

Recent advances in MRI offer a variety of useful markers to identify neurodegenerative diseases. In Huntington&#39;s disease (HD), regional brain atrophy ...

Quantitative Micro-CT Analysis of Aortopathy in a Mouse Model of &#946;-aminopropionitrile-induced Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

Aortic aneurysm and dissection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the population and can be highly lethal. While animal models of aortic disease exist, in vivo imaging of the vasculature has been limited. In recent years, micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) has emerged as a preferred modality for imaging both large and small vessels both in vivo and ex vivo. In conjunction with a method of vascular casting, we have successfully used micro-CT to characterize the frequency and distribution of aortic pathology in &#946;-aminopropionitrile-treated C57/Bl6 mice. Technical limitations of this method include variations in the quality of the perfusion introduced by poor animal preparation, the application of proper methodologies for vessel size quantification, and the non-survivability of this procedure. This article details a methodology for the intravascular perfusion of a lead-based radiopaque silicone rubber for the quantitative characterization of aortopathy in a mouse model of aneurysm and dissection. In addition to visualizing aortic pathology, this method may be used for examining other vascular beds in vivo or vascular beds removed post-mortem.

Quantitative Micro-CT Analysis of Aortopathy in a Mouse Model of &amp;#946;-aminopropionitrile-induced Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

This article describes a detailed methodology of using a radiopaque lead-based silicone rubber to perfuse the murine vasculature for aortic diameter quantification in a mouse model of aortic aneurysm and dissection.

التحليل الكمي للأشعة المقطعية الصغرى من أورتوباثي في نموذج ماوس β-أمينوبروبيونيتريلي-المستحث الابهر والتشريح

Aortic aneurysm and dissection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the population and can be highly lethal. While animal models of ...

Imaging and Analysis of Oil Red O-Stained Whole Aorta Lesions in an Aneurysm Hyperlipidemia Mouse Model

Apolipoprotein E (Apoe)- or low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-deficient hyperlipidemic mice are the two most commonly used models for atherosclerosis research. They are used to study the impact of a various genetic factors and different cell types on atherosclerotic lesion formation and as well as test the development of new therapies. Isolation, excision of the whole aorta, and quantification of Oil Red O-stained atherosclerotic lesions are basic morphometric methods used to evaluate atherosclerotic burden. The goal of this protocol is to describe an optimized, step-by-step surgical method to dissect, perfuse-fix, isolate, stain, image and analyze atherosclerotic lesions in mouse aortas with Oil Red O. Because atherosclerotic lesions can form anywhere in the entire aortic tree, this whole aorta Oil Red O staining method has the advantage of evaluating lipid-laden plaques in the entire aorta and all branches in a single mouse. In addition to Oil Red O staining, fresh isolated whole aortas can be used for variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments and cell isolations.

This protocol provides a step-by-step procedure to analyze atherosclerotic burden in mice. Investigators can use this protocol to compare the abundance, location, and size of atherosclerotic lesions in different animals.

تصوير وتحليل آفات الشريان الأورطي الكامل الملطخة بالزيت الأحمر في نموذج فأر فرط شحميات الدم تمدد الأوعية الدموية

Apolipoprotein E (Apoe)- or low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-deficient hyperlipidemic mice are the two most commonly used models for ...

Location, Dissection, and Analysis of the Murine Stellate Ganglion

The autonomic nervous system is a substantial driver of cardiac electrophysiology. Especially&#160;the role of its sympathetic branch is an ongoing matter of investigation in the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Neurons in the stellate ganglia (SG)&#160;&#8211;&#160;bilateral star-shaped structures of the sympathetic chain &#8211;&#160;are an important component of the sympathetic infrastructure. The SG are a recognized target for&#160;treatment via cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with therapy-refractory VA. While neuronal remodeling and glial activation in the SG have been described in patients with VA, the underlying cellular and molecular processes that potentially precede the onset of arrhythmia are only insufficiently understood and should be elucidated to improve autonomic modulation. Mouse models allow us to study sympathetic neuronal remodeling, but identification of the murine SG is challenging for the inexperienced investigator. Thus, in-depth cellular and molecular biological studies of the murine SG are lacking for many common cardiac diseases. Here, we describe a basic repertoire for dissecting and studying the SG in adult mice for analyses at RNA level (RNA isolation for gene expression analyses, in situ hybridization), protein level (immunofluorescent whole mount staining), and cellular level (basic morphology, cell size measurement). We present potential solutions to overcome challenges in the preparation technique, and how to improve staining via quenching of autofluorescence. This allows for the visualization of neurons as well as glial cells via established markers in order to determine cell composition and remodeling processes. The methods presented here allow characterizing the SG to gain further information on autonomic dysfunction in mice prone to VA and can be complemented by additional techniques investigating neuronal and glial components of the autonomic nervous system in the heart.

Pathophysiological changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system, especially in its sympathetic branch, contribute to the onset and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmias. In the present protocol, we show how to characterize murine stellate ganglia to improve the understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular processes.

الموقع، تشريح، وتحليل عصابة مورين ستيلاتي

The autonomic nervous system is a substantial driver of cardiac electrophysiology. Especially&#160;the role of its sympathetic branch is an ongoing matter ...