وأيد هذا العمل من خلال عقد من DARPA (N66001-08-C-2040) ومنحة من صندوق التكنولوجيا الناشئة من ولاية تكساس. فإن الكتاب أن نعترف Jiyoung كيم، جريج Mordi، أنجيلا Azcatl، وتوم شارف على مساهماتهم المتعلقة انتقائية ترسب طبقة الذري، فضلا عن والاس مارتن وجوردون بولوك للخارج الموقع تجهيز العينات.

<ol>
	<li>Yoffe, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-dimensional+systems:+quantum+size+effects+and+electronic+properties+of+semiconductor+microcrystallites+(zero-dimensional+systems)+and+some+quasi-two-dimensional+systems.">Low-dimensional systems: quantum size effects and electronic properties of semiconductor microcrystallites (zero-dimensional systems) and some quasi-two-dimensional systems.</a> Adv. in Phy. 42 (2), 173-262 (1993).</li><li>Alivisatos, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Semiconductor+Clusters,+Nanocrystals,+and+Quantum+Dots.">Semiconductor Clusters, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots.</a> Science. 271 (5251), 933-937 (1996).</li><li>Craighead, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoelectromechanical+Systems.">Nanoelectromechanical Systems.</a> Science. 290 (5496), 1532-1535 (2000).</li><li>Dai, M. D., Kim, C. -. W., Eom, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Finite+size+effect+on+nanomechanical+mass+detection:+the+role+of+surface+elasticity.">Finite size effect on nanomechanical mass detection: the role of surface elasticity.</a> Nanotechnology. 22 (26), 265502 (2011).</li><li>Personick, M., Mirkin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Making+sense+of+the+mayhem+behind+shape+control+in+the+synthesis+of+gold+nanoparticles.">Making sense of the mayhem behind shape control in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (C), 18238-18247 (2013).</li><li>Rothemund, P. W. K., Ekani-Nkodo, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+and+Characterization+of+Programmable+DNA.">Design and Characterization of Programmable DNA.</a> Nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 26, 16344-16353 (2004).</li><li>Hersam, M. C., Guisinger, N. P., Lyding, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silicon-based+molecular+nanotechnology.">Silicon-based molecular nanotechnology.</a> Nanotechnology. 11 (2), 70-76 (2000).</li><li>Eigler, D. M., Schweizer, E. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positioning+single+atoms+with+a+scanning+tunnelling+microscope.">Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunnelling microscope.</a> Nature. 344, 524-526 (1990).</li><li>Heinrich, A. J., Lutz, C. P., Gupta, J. A., Eigler, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+cascades.">Molecular cascades.</a> Science. 298, 1381-1387 (2002).</li><li>Crommie, M. F., Lutz, C. P., Eigler, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Confinement+of+Electrons+to+Quantum+Corrals+on+a+Metal+Surface.">Confinement of Electrons to Quantum Corrals on a Metal Surface.</a> Science. 262 (5131), 218-220 (1993).</li><li>Shen, T. -. C., Wang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atomic-Scale+Desorption+Through+Electronic+and+Vibrational+Excitation+Mechanisms.">Atomic-Scale Desorption Through Electronic and Vibrational Excitation Mechanisms.</a> Science. 268, 1590-1592 (1995).</li><li>Randall, J. N., Lyding, J. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atomic+precision+lithography+on+Si.">Atomic precision lithography on Si.</a> J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B. 27 (6), 2764-2768 (2009).</li><li>Tong, X., Wolkow, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electron-induced+H+atom+desorption+patterns+created+with+a+scanning+tunneling+microscope:+Implications+for+controlled+atomic-scale+patterning+on+H-Si(100).">Electron-induced H atom desorption patterns created with a scanning tunneling microscope: Implications for controlled atomic-scale patterning on H-Si(100).</a> Surf. Sci. 600 (16), L199-L203 (2006).</li><li>Hitosugi, T., Hashizume, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scanning+Tunneling+Spectroscopy+of+Dangling-Bond+Wires+Fabricated+on+the+Si(100)-2x1-H+Surface.">Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Dangling-Bond Wires Fabricated on the Si(100)-2x1-H Surface.</a> Jap. J. App. Phys, Pt 2 2. 36 (3B), L361-L364 (1997).</li><li>Bird, C. F., Fisher, A. J., Bowler, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soliton+effects+in+dangling-bond+wires+on+Si(001).">Soliton effects in dangling-bond wires on Si(001).</a> Phys. Rev B. 68, 115318 (2003).</li><li>Wolkow, R. A., Livadaru, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Beyond-CMOS Electronics. , 1-28 (2013).</li><li>Lyding, J. W., Shen, T. -. C., Hubacek, J. S., Tucker, J. R., Abeln, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoscale+patterning+and+oxidation+of+H-passivated+Si(100)-2&#215;1+surfaces+with+an+ultrahigh+vacuum+scanning+tunneling+microscope.">Nanoscale patterning and oxidation of H-passivated Si(100)-2&#215;1 surfaces with an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope.</a> App. Phys. Lett. 64 (15), 2010-2012 (1994).</li><li>Lyding, J. W., Shen, T. -. C., Abeln, G. C., Wang, C., Tucker, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoscale+patterning+and+selective+chemistry+of+silicon+surfaces+by+ultrahigh-vacuum+scanning+tunneling+microscopy.">Nanoscale patterning and selective chemistry of silicon surfaces by ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy.</a> Nanotechnology. 7, 128-133 (1996).</li><li>Owen, J. H. G., Ballard, J., Randall, J. N., Alexander, J., Von Ehr, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterned+Atomic+Layer+Epitaxy+of+Si+/+Si(001):H.">Patterned Atomic Layer Epitaxy of Si / Si(001):H.</a> J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B. 29 (6), 06F201 (2011).</li><li>Goh, K. E. J., Chen, S., Xu, H., Ballard, J., Randall, J. N., Ehr, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Von+Using+patterned+H-resist+for+controlled+three-dimensional+growth+of+nanostructures.">Von Using patterned H-resist for controlled three-dimensional growth of nanostructures.</a> App. Phys. Lett. 98 (16), 163102 (2011).</li><li>Ye, W., Pe&#241;a Martin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+writing+of+sub-5+nm+hafnium+diboride+metallic+nanostructures.">Direct writing of sub-5 nm hafnium diboride metallic nanostructures.</a> ACS Nano. 4 (11), 6818-6824 (2010).</li><li>Brien, J. L., Schofield, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scanning+tunnelling+microscope+fabrication+of+arrays+of+phosphorus+atom+qubits+for+a+silicon+quantum+computer.">Scanning tunnelling microscope fabrication of arrays of phosphorus atom qubits for a silicon quantum computer.</a> Smart. 11 (5), 741-748 (2002).</li><li>Van Oven, J. C., Berwald, F., Berggren, K. K., Kruit, P., Hagen, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electron-beam-induced+deposition+of+3-nm-half-pitch+patterns+on+bulk+Si.">Electron-beam-induced deposition of 3-nm-half-pitch patterns on bulk Si.</a> J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B. 29 (6), 06F305 (2011).</li><li>Ballard, J. B., Sisson, T. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multimode+hydrogen+depassivation+lithography:+A+method+for+optimizing+atomically+precise+write+times.">Multimode hydrogen depassivation lithography: A method for optimizing atomically precise write times.</a> J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B. 31 (6), 06FC01 (2013).</li><li>Randall, J. N., Ballard, J. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atomic+precision+patterning+on+Si:+An+opportunity+for+a+digitized+process.">Atomic precision patterning on Si: An opportunity for a digitized process.</a> Microelec. Eng. 87 (5-8), 955-958 (2010).</li><li>Perrine, K. A., Teplyakov, A. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactivity+of+selectively+terminated+single+crystal+silicon+surfaces.">Reactivity of selectively terminated single crystal silicon surfaces.</a> Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 (8), 3256-3274 (2010).</li><li>McDonnell, S., Longo, R. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+Atomic+Layer+Deposition+of+Titanium+Dioxide+on+Silicon:+Dependence+on+Surface+Termination.">Controlling the Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Dioxide on Silicon: Dependence on Surface Termination.</a> The J. Phys. Chem. C. 117 (39), 20250-20259 (2013).</li><li>Kane, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+cleaning+of+metal+surfaces.">Plasma cleaning of metal surfaces.</a> J. Vac. Sci. Tech. 11 (3), 567 (1974).</li><li>Hersam, M. C., Guisinger, N. P., Lyding, J. W., Thompson, D. S., Moore, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atomic-level+study+of+the+robustness+of+the+Si(100)-2&#215;1:H+surface+following+exposure+to+ambient+conditions.">Atomic-level study of the robustness of the Si(100)-2&#215;1:H surface following exposure to ambient conditions.</a> App. Phys. Lett. 78 (7), 886-888 (2001).</li><li>Agostino, R., Flamm, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+etching+of+Si+and+SiO2+in+SF6&#8211;O2+mixtures.">Plasma etching of Si and SiO2 in SF6&#8211;O2 mixtures.</a> J. App. Phys. 52 (1), 162 (1981).</li><li>Longo, R. C., McDonnell, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectivity+of+metal+oxide+atomic+layer+deposition+on+hydrogen+terminated+and+oxidized+Si(001)-(2&#215;1)+surface.">Selectivity of metal oxide atomic layer deposition on hydrogen terminated and oxidized Si(001)-(2&#215;1) surface.</a> J. Vac. Sci Tech. B. 32 (3), 03D112 (2014).</li><li>Ruess, F. J., Oberbeck, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+etched+registration+markers+to+make+four-terminal+electrical+contacts+to+STM-patterned+nanostructures.">The use of etched registration markers to make four-terminal electrical contacts to STM-patterned nanostructures.</a> Nanotechnology. 16 (10), 2446-2449 (2005).</li><li>Ruess, F. J., Pok, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Realization+of+Atomically+Controlled+Dopant+Devices+in+Silicon.">Realization of Atomically Controlled Dopant Devices in Silicon.</a> Small. 3 (4), 563-567 (2007).</li><li>Li, K., Namboodiri, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+formation+of+atomic+step+morphology+on+micropatterned+Si+(100).">Controlled formation of atomic step morphology on micropatterned Si (100).</a> J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B. 29 (4), 041806 (2011).</li><li>Ballard, J. B., Owen, J. H. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pattern+transfer+of+hydrogen+depassivation+lithography+patterns+into+silicon+with+atomically+traceable+placement+and+size+control.">Pattern transfer of hydrogen depassivation lithography patterns into silicon with atomically traceable placement and size control.</a> Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B. 32 (4), 041804 (2014).</li><li>Gusev, E. P., Cabral, C., Copel, M., D&#8217;Emic, C., Gribelyuk, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=U+ltrathin+HfO+2+films+grown+on+silicon+by+atomic+layer+deposition+for+advanced+gate+dielectrics+applications.">U ltrathin HfO 2 films grown on silicon by atomic layer deposition for advanced gate dielectrics applications.</a> Microelectronic Engineering. 69, 145-151 (2003).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

أداء القياس على النانو المذكورة أعلاه يتطلب القدرة على سد المواقع غيض خلال HDL ونمط الموقع باستخدام أدوات أخرى مثل AFM وSEM. وعلى النقيض من غيرها من أدوات الزخرفة متطورة مع ترميز مكانة عالية الدقة مثل البريد شعاع الطباعة الحجرية، تم إجراء HDL يؤديها هنا مع STM دون تحديد المو...

كما يصبح أكثر أهمية تكنولوجيا النانو في مجموعة واسعة من المجالات، فهم الهياكل التي يجري تشكيلها مكاسب أهمية، وخاصة في مجالات الطباعة الحجرية والإلكترونيات. التأكيد على أهمية علم القياس على مقياس النانو، وتحديدا على مستويات أقل من 10 نانومتر، وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن الاختلاف في حجم الميزة فقط 1 نانومتر يشير إلى وجود تباين كسور لا يقل عن 10٪. هذا الاختلاف يمكن أن يكون لها آثار كبيرة على أداء الجهاز والطابع المادي 1،2 - 4 استخدام الأساليب الاصطناعية، والسمات الفردية شكلت بدقة متناهية مثل نقاط الكم أو الجزيئات المعقدة الأخرى يمكن أن تكون ملفقة، 2،5،6 ولكن تفتقر عموما نفس الدقة في ميزة التنسيب والتوجيه، على الرغم من العمل نحو تحسين حجم وموضع السيطرة. توضح هذه الورقة نهجا لافتعال النانو، بدقة تقترب من حجم الذرية والدقة الذرية في ميزة التنسيب، وكذلكمع المقاييس الذرية في ميزة التنسيب. باستخدام الدقة الذرية للمسح حفر نفق المجهر (STM) الهيدروجين الناجم عن Depassivation الطباعة الحجرية (HDL)، تتشكل أنماط دقيقة بالذرة مع تباين حساسة كيميائيا على السطح. ترسب طبقة الذرية الانتقائية (ALD) ثم يطبق مادة أكسيد الصلبة في المناطق المزخرف، مع رد الفعل ايون النقش (ري) نقل في نهاية المطاف أنماط في المواد السائبة، كما هو مبين في الشكل 1 تخطيطي. الجمع بين عملية HDL عالية الدقة مع المعيار ALD وRIE بمعالجة النتائج في طريقة مرنة لإنتاج النانو على السطح مع الشكل التعسفي وتحديد المواقع. <img alt="الشكل 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52900/52900fig1.jpg" /> الشكل 1. Nanofabrication الابتدائية عملية خطوات. وكمثال على ذلك، يتم عرض 200 × 200 نانومتر نانومتر مربع. ويشير كل سهم دائري خطوة من التعرض في الغلاف الجوي ورransport بين المواقع. بعد الفائق عينة الإعدادية، هو نمط العينة باستخدام الفائق HDL تليها STM المقاييس (أعلى اليسار). ثم يتم تنفيذ محددة المدة، تليها AFM المقاييس (يمين). RIE نقل الأنماط في سي (100)، تليها SEM المقاييس (أسفل اليسار). <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/52900/52900fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">الرجاء انقر هنا لمشاهدة نسخة أكبر من هذا الرقم.</a> والطباعة الحجرية أكثر دقة حتى الآن وعادة ما ينطوي تقنيات التحقيق الممسوحة ضوئيا، الزخرفة على وجه التحديد على أساس STM-حيث ثبت قرار الذري الزخرفة وfunctionalization للعديد من التطبيقات. 7 النانو سابقا، وقد أنتجت تلاعب ذرة بدقة متناهية باستخدام الذرات الفردية لبنات البناء، 8 ، 9،10 لكن النانو الشروط المطلوبة المبردة وبالتالي تفتقر إلى وقت طويل الأجل متانة. وقد تبين RT ذرة التلاعب عن طريق إزالة ذرات الهيدروجين من السطح، specificalلاي HDL. 11،12،13 HDL وعود لتمكين فئات جديدة من الأجهزة الإلكترونية وغيرها بناء على توطين المكاني على النقيض من السطح. باستخدام HDL دون مزيد من المعالجة، ومختلف أبنية جهاز ممكنة بما في ذلك التعلق الأسلاك السندات أو أجهزة منطق. 14،15،16 بالإضافة إلى توفير المقابل الكهربائية، HDL يمكن أن يعرض على النقيض الكيميائية على السطح حيث تمت إزالة تخميل H طبقة، في الواقع إنشاء قالب لمزيد من التعديل الكيميائي. وقد تجلى هذا التعديل الكيميائي على السيليكون وغيرها من الأسطح، والتي تبين الانتقائية لترسب المعادن، 17 العوازل، 18 وحتى أشباه الموصلات. 16،19 كل هذه الأمثلة تنتج هيكلين الأبعاد، خطوات المعالجة الأخرى لذلك يجب أن تستخدم لإنتاج ثلاثة صحيح هياكل الأبعاد مع السيطرة حلها بالذرة التي وعدت بها HDL. سابقا، وقد تطلب هذا الزخرفة المتكررة، 19،20،21 الصلب، 22 </suP&gt; أو أقل جيدا حلها عمليات مثل القائم على طرف الإلكترونية شعاع الناجم عن ترسب 23 على غرار البريد شعاع الطباعة الحجرية، ويستخدم HDL على تدفق المترجمة من الإلكترونات لفضح مقاومة. وتوجد العديد من أوجه التشابه مثل القدرة على أداء متعدد الأوضاع الطباعة الحجرية مع متغير حجم البقعة والكفاءة الزخرفة. 24 ومع ذلك، فإن القوة الحقيقية لHDL تنشأ من كيف يختلف عن البريد شعاع الطباعة الحجرية. أولا، مقاومة في HDL هو أحادي الطبقة من الهيدروجين الذري بحيث تقاوم يصبح التعرض عملية الرقمية؛ ومقاومة ذرة إما هو أو غير موجود. 25 منذ وضع H ذرة يناظر سي الكامنة (100) شعرية عملية HDL يمكن أن يكون عملية دقيقة بالذرة، على الرغم من أنه تجدر الإشارة إلى أن في هذه الورقة HDL ديه دقة نانومتر كما بدلا من الاضطرار الكمال الذري وبالتالي ليس الرقمي في هذه الحالة. منذ مصدر الإلكترون في HDL المحلي إلى السطح، ومختلف وسائل عملية STM تسهل على حد سواءالإنتاجية الأمثل وكذلك فحص الخطأ. في التحيزات طرف عينة أدناه ~ 4.5 V، قد يتم تنفيذ الطباعة الحجرية على مستوى ذرة واحدة مع الدقة الذرية، والمعروفة باسم بالذرة وضع دقيق (وضع AP). في المقابل، في التحيزات فوق ~ 7 V، وتنبعث الإلكترونات مباشرة من طرف إلى العينة مع linewidths واسعة وكفاءات depassivation عالية، والمعروف هنا كما وضع الانبعاثات الميدان (وضع FE). ويمكن بعد ذلك الانتاجية HDL يكون الأمثل من قبل مجموعة حذرا من هذين الوضعين، على الرغم من أن الانتاجية الشاملة لا تزال صغيرة بالنسبة إلى البريد شعاع الطباعة الحجرية مع الزخرفة تصل إلى 1 ميكرومتر 2 / دقيقة الممكنة. عندما يتم عكس التحيز بحيث يتم عقد العينة في ~ -2.25 V، الإلكترونات نفق من العينة إلى طرف مع منخفضة للغاية كفاءة depassivation، مما يتيح فحص التركيب الذري من السطح على حد سواء لتصحيح الخطأ والمقاييس المقياس الذري . هذه العملية تلفيق البنية النانوية هو مبين في الشكل 1 </stronز&gt; يبدأ خطوة الفائق-HDL، كما هو موضح أعلاه. بعد HDL، وتنفيس العينة إلى الغلاف الجوي، في الوقت الذي المناطق نمط تصبح مشبعة بالماء، وتشكيل رقيقة (أي، ~ 1 أحادي الطبقة) شافي 2 طبقة. 26 وبعد النقل، ويتم إدخال العينة الى غرفة ALD لترسب تيتانيا (تيو 2)، مع سمك حوالي 2-3 نانومتر إيداع هنا، إذا ما قيست AFM وXPS 27 ولأن التفاعل تيتانيا يعتمد على تشبع المياه من السطح، وهذه العملية ممكنة على الرغم من تعرض الغلاف الجوي الذي يشبع السطح مع الماء . المقبل، لنقل نمط قناع ALD في الجزء الأكبر كان محفورا العينة باستخدام RIE بحيث تتم إزالة 20 نانومتر سي، مع عمق حفر يحددها AFM وSEM. من أجل تسهيل الخطوات المقاييس، ونمط وسي (100) رقاقة مع شبكة من الخطوط التي تم تصميمها لتكون واضحة بعد إعداد الفائق لمسافة طويلة في العمل المجهر الضوئي، والتصوير الضوئي AFM خطة الرأي، ومنخفضة التكبير خطة رأي SEM التصوير. للمساعدة في تحديد هياكل النانو، ومنقوشة أنماط 1 ميكرون 2 اعوج (بالاجور) على عينات مع nanopatterns الأكثر عزلة تقع في مواقع ثابتة قريبة بالاجور. يمكن هذا المزيج من HDL، ALD انتقائية، وRIE تكون عملية هامة لالنانوية تلفيق، ويتضمن المقاييس المستوى الذري كمنتج ثانوي طبيعي من عملية. أدناه، ونحن تشمل وصفا مفصلا للخطوات المعنية لافتعال 10 نانومتر الفرعية النانو في سي (100) باستخدام HDL، ALD انتقائية، وري. يفترض أن واحد هو المهرة في كل من هذه العمليات، ولكن سيتم تضمين المعلومات المتعلقة بكيفية دمج مختلف العمليات. وسيتم التركيز بشكل خاص على تلك الصعوبات غير المتوقعة التي يمر بها الكتاب من أجل منع نفس الصعوبات، خصوصا المتعلقة بالنقل والمقاييس.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Si Wafer</td>
			<td>VA Semiconductor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>P type (Boron) Si&#60;100&#62; +/- 2 degrees, 280 mm +/- 25 mm thick, 0.01-0.02 ohm-cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ta foil</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>335</td>
			<td>0.025mm (0.001in) thick, 99.997% (metals basis)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>19393</td>
			<td>Semiconductor Grade, 99.9%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Propanol</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>19397</td>
			<td>Semiconductor Grade, 99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>19392</td>
			<td>Semiconductor Grade, 99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Argon</td>
			<td>Praxair</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ultra high purity (grade 5.0)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deionized water</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>Milli-Q Water Purification System</td>
			<td>&#62;18 MW resistance water produced on demand.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TiCl4</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrigh</td>
			<td>254312</td>
			<td>&#8805;99.995% trace metals basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>O2</td>
			<td>Matheson</td>
			<td>G2182101</td>
			<td>Research Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SF6</td>
			<td>Matheson</td>
			<td>G2658922</td>
			<td>Ultra high purity (grade 4.7)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blue Medium Tack Roll</td>
			<td>Semiconductor Equipment Corporation</td>
			<td>18074</td>
			<td>Thickness 75 um / .003&#8221;&#160; Length 200 M / 660&#8217;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

atomically traceable nanostructure fabrication

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process being used in order to maintain exquisite control over both feature size and feature density. Here, we demonstrate a method for tracking atomically resolved and controlled structures from initial template definition through final nanostructure metrology, opening up a pathway for top-down atomic control over nanofabrication. Hydrogen depassivation lithography is the first step of the nanoscale fabrication process followed by selective atomic layer deposition of up to 2.8 nm of titania to make a nanoscale etch mask. Contrast with the background is shown, indicating different mechanisms for growth on the desired patterns and on the H passivated background. The patterns are then transferred into the bulk using reactive ion etching to form 20 nm tall nanostructures with linewidths down to ~6 nm. To illustrate the limitations of this process, arrays of holes and lines are fabricated. The various nanofabrication process steps are performed at disparate locations, so process integration is discussed. Related issues are discussed including using fiducial marks for finding nanostructures on a macroscopic sample and protecting the chemically reactive patterned Si(100)-H surface against degradation due to atmospheric exposure.

في الحالات الموصوفة هنا، يتم تنفيذ HDL استخدام متعدد الأوضاع الطباعة الحجرية. 24 في وضع FE، يؤديها مع 8 V عينة التحيز، 1 غ، و 0.2 MC / سم (أي ما يعادل 50 نانومتر / ثانية سرعة غيض)، وغيض التحركات على مر السطح إما موازية أو عمودية على شعرية سي، خطوط انتاج من depassivation. في حين أن ه?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication at JoVE.com

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

We report a protocol for combining the atomic metrology of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope for surface patterning with selective Atomic Layer Deposition and Reactive Ion Etching. Using a robust process involving numerous atmospheric exposures and transport, 3D nanostructures with atomic metrology are fabricated.

يمكن عزوها بالذرة البنية النانوية تلفيق

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process ...

atomically-traceable-nanostructure-fabrication

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.6K Views.  Zyvex Labs. We report a protocol for combining the atomic metrology of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope for surface patterning with selective Atomic Layer Deposition and Reactive Ion Etching. Using a robust process involving numerous atmospheric exposures and transport, 3D nanostructures with atomic metrology are fabricated. 

Video: Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Fabrication of Silica Ultra High Quality Factor Microresonators

Whispering gallery resonant cavities confine light in circular orbits at their periphery.1-2 The photon storage lifetime in the cavity, quantified by the quality factor (Q) of the cavity, can be in excess of 500ns for cavities with Q factors above 100 million. As a result of their low material losses, silica microcavities have demonstrated some of the longest photon lifetimes to date1-2. Since a portion of the circulating light extends outside the resonator, these devices can also be used to probe the surroundings. This interaction has enabled numerous experiments in biology, such as single molecule biodetection and antibody-antigen kinetics, as well as discoveries in other fields, such as development of ultra-low-threshold microlasers, characterization of thin films, and cavity quantum electrodynamics studies.3-7
The two primary silica resonant cavity geometries are the microsphere and the microtoroid. Both devices rely on a carbon dioxide laser reflow step to achieve their ultra-high-Q factors (Q&gt;100 million).1-2,8-9 However, there are several notable differences between the two structures. Silica microspheres are free-standing, supported by a single optical fiber, whereas silica microtoroids can be fabricated on a silicon wafer in large arrays using a combination of lithography and etching steps. These differences influence which device is optimal for a given experiment.
Here, we present detailed fabrication protocols for both types of resonant cavities. While the fabrication of microsphere resonant cavities is fairly straightforward, the fabrication of microtoroid resonant cavities requires additional specialized equipment and facilities (cleanroom). Therefore, this additional requirement may also influence which device is selected for a given experiment.
Introduction
An optical resonator efficiently confines light at specific wavelengths, known as the resonant wavelengths of the device. 1-2 The common figure of merit for these optical resonators is the quality factor or Q. This term describes the photon lifetime (&tau;o) within the resonator, which is directly related to the resonator's optical losses. Therefore, an optical resonator with a high Q factor has low optical losses, long photon lifetimes, and very low photon decay rates (1/&tau;o). As a result of the long photon lifetimes, it is possible to build-up extremely large circulating optical field intensities in these devices. This very unique property has allowed these devices to be used as laser sources and integrated biosensors.10
A unique sub-class of resonators is the whispering gallery mode optical microcavity. In these devices, the light is confined in circular orbits at the periphery. Therefore, the field is not completely confined within the device, but evanesces into the environment. Whispering gallery mode optical cavities have demonstrated some of the highest quality factors of any optical resonant cavity to date.9,11 Therefore, these devices are used throughout science and engineering, including in fundamental physics studies and in telecommunications as well as in biodetection experiments. 3-7,12
Optical microcavities can be fabricated from a wide range of materials and in a wide variety of geometries. A few examples include silica and silicon microtoroids, silicon, silicon nitride, and silica microdisks, micropillars, and silica and polymer microrings.13-17 The range in quality factor (Q) varies as dramatically as the geometry. Although both geometry and high Q are important considerations in any field, in many applications, there is far greater leverage in boosting device performance through Q enhancement. Among the numerous options detailed previously, the silica microsphere and the silica microtoroid resonator have achieved some of the highest Q factors to date.1,9 Additionally, as a result of the extremely low optical loss of silica from the visible through the near-IR, both microspheres and microtoroids are able to maintain their Q factors over a wide range of testing wavelengths.18 Finally, because silica is inherently biocompatible, it is routinely used in biodetection experiments.
In addition to high material absorption, there are several other potential loss mechanisms, including surface roughness, radiation loss, and contamination loss.2 Through an optimization of the device size, it is possible to eliminate radiation losses, which arise from poor optical field confinement within the device. Similarly, by storing a device in an appropriately clean environment, contamination of the surface can be minimized. Therefore, in addition to material loss, surface scattering is the primary loss mechanism of concern.2,8
In silica devices, surface scattering is minimized by using a laser reflow technique, which melts the silica through surface tension induced reflow. While spherical optical resonators have been studied for many years, it is only with recent advances in fabrication technologies that researchers been able to fabricate high quality silica optical toroidal microresonators (Q&gt;100 million) on a silicon substrate, thus paving the way for integration with microfluidics.1
The present series of protocols details how to fabricate both silica microsphere and microtoroid resonant cavities. While silica microsphere resonant cavities are well-established, microtoroid resonant cavities were only recently invented.1 As many of the fundamental methods used to fabricate the microsphere are also used in the more complex microtoroid fabrication procedure, by including both in a single protocol it will enable researchers to more easily trouble-shoot their experiments.

We describe the use of a carbon dioxide laser reflow technique to fabricate silica resonant cavities, including free-standing microspheres and on-chip microtoroids. The reflow method removes surface imperfections, allowing long photon lifetimes within both devices. The resulting devices have ultra high quality factors, enabling applications ranging from telecommunications to biodetection.

تلفيق من السيليكا عالية جدا Microresonators عامل الجودة

Whispering gallery resonant cavities confine light in circular orbits at their periphery.1-2 The photon storage lifetime in the cavity, quantified by the ...

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from the inherent strong electron correlations that reside within them. These materials can also possess electronic phase separation in which regions of vastly different resistive and magnetic behavior can coexist within a single crystal alloy material. By reducing the scale of these materials to length scales at and below the inherent size of the electronic domains, novel behaviors can be exposed. Because of this and the fact that spin-charge-lattice-orbital order parameters each involve correlation lengths, spatially reducing these materials for transport measurements is a critical step in understanding the fundamental physics that drives complex behaviors. These materials also offer great potential to become the next generation of electronic devices 1-3. Thus, the fabrication of low dimensional nano- or micro-structures is extremely important to achieve new functionality. This involves multiple controllable processes from high quality thin film growth to accurate electronic property characterization. Here, we present fabrication protocols of high quality microstructures for complex oxide manganite devices. Detailed descriptions and required equipment of thin film growth, photo-lithography, and wire-bonding are presented.

We describe the use of pulsed laser deposition (PLD), photolithography and wire-bonding techniques to create micrometer scale complex oxides devices. The PLD is utilized to grow epitaxial thin films. Photolithography and wire-bonding techniques are introduced to create practical devices for measurement purposes.

تلفيق من أكاسيد مجمع المحصورة مكانيا

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from ...

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including microresonators. However, because of the increased acoustic radiative losses during direct liquid immersion of optomechanical devices, almost all published optomechanical experiments have been performed in solid phase. This paper discusses a recently introduced hollow microfluidic optomechanical resonator. Detailed methodology is provided to fabricate these ultra-high-Q microfluidic resonators, perform optomechanical testing, and measure radiation pressure-driven breathing mode and SBS-driven whispering gallery mode parametric vibrations. By confining liquids inside the capillary resonator, high mechanical- and optical- quality factors are simultaneously maintained.

Parametric optomechanical excitations have recently been experimentally demonstrated in microfluidic optomechanical resonators by means of optical radiation pressure and stimulated Brillouin scattering. This paper describes the fabrication of these microfluidic resonators along with methodologies for generating and verifying optomechanical oscillations.

تصنيع واختبار ميكروفلويديك الميكانيكية المذبذبات

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST). In this technique the chemical properties of organic photochromic molecules that undergo single-photon reactions are exploited, enabling rapid top-down nanopatterning over large areas at low light intensities, thereby, allowing for the circumvention of the far-field diffraction barrier.4 Simple, cost-effective, high throughput and resolution alternatives to nanopatterning are being explored, such as, two-photon polymerization5,6, beam pen lithography (BPL)7, scanning electron beam lithography (SEBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) patterning. However, multi-photon approaches require high light intensities, which limit their potential for high throughput and offer low image contrast. Although, electron and ion beam lithographic processes offer increased resolution, the serial nature of the process is limited to slow writing speeds, which also prevents patterning of features over large areas. Beam-pen lithography is an approach towards parallel near-field optical lithography. However, the gap between the source of the beam and the surface of the photoresist needs to be controlled extremely precisely for good pattern uniformity and this is very challenging to accomplish for large arrays of beams. Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST) is an alternative optical nanopatterning technique for patterning sub-wavelength features1-3. Since this technique uses single photons instead of electrons, it is extremely fast and does not require high light intensities1-3, opening the door to massive parallelization.

We report that the diffraction limit of conventional optical lithography can be overcome by exploiting the transitions of organic photochromic derivatives induced by their photoisomerization at low light intensities.1-3 This paper outlines our fabrication technique and two locking mechanisms, namely: dissolution of one photoisomer and electrochemical oxidation.

الزخرفة عبر البصرية تشبع انتقالات - تصنيع وتوصيف

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for the detection of faint astrophysical signatures, as well as for quantum computing applications and materials characterization. In this paper, procedures are presented for the fabrication and characterization of thin-film superconducting microwave resonators. The fabrication methodology allows for the realization of superconducting transmission-line resonators with features on both sides of an atomically smooth single-crystal silicon dielectric. This work describes the procedure for the installation of resonator devices into a cryogenic microwave testbed and for cool-down below the superconducting transition temperature. The set-up of the cryogenic microwave testbed allows one to do careful measurements of the complex microwave transmission of these resonator devices, enabling the extraction of the properties of the superconducting lines and dielectric substrate (e.g., internal quality factors, loss and kinetic inductance fractions), which are important for device design and performance.

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for detection of light, quantum computing applications and materials characterization. This work presents a detailed procedure for fabrication and characterization of superconducting microwave resonator scattering parameters.

تصنيع وتوصيف الموصلية الرنين

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

تصنيع صفائف الدوري نانوكوب الذهب باستخدام الطباعة الحجرية غرواني

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in industry. The wettability of the produced surface was analyzed by bouncing drop experiments and the topography was analyzed by confocal microscopy. In addition, we show various methodologies to measure its durability and anti-icing properties. Superhydrophobic surfaces hold a special texture that must be preserved to keep their water-repellency. To fabricate durable surfaces, we followed two strategies to incorporate a resistant texture. The first strategy is a direct incorporation of roughness to the metal substrate by acid etching. After this surface texturization, the surface energy was decreased by silanization or fluoropolymer deposition. The second strategy is the growth of a ceria layer (after surface texturization) that should enhance the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. The surface energy was decreased with a stearic acid film.
The durability of the superhydrophobic surfaces was examined by a particle impact test, mechanical wear by lateral abrasion, and UV-ozone resistance. The anti-icing properties were explored by studying the ability to repeal subcooled water, freezing delay, and ice adhesion.

We illustrate several methodologies to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces and to explore their durability and anti-icing properties.

تصنيع سوبيرهيدروفوبيك الأسطح المعدنية لتطبيقات مضادة للتجمد

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in ...

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending deformation and low input. However, their monotonous bending motion form in two-dimensional (2-D) space keeps them away from wide applications. This paper presents a detailed fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers, to explore their motions in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The design of oblique chambers enables actuators with tunable coupled bending and twisting capabilities, which gives them the possibility to move dexterously in flexible manipulators, to become biologically inspired robots and medical devices. The fabrication process is based on the molding method, including the silicone elastomer preparation, chamber and base parts fabrication, actuator assembly, tubing connections, checks for leaks, and actuator repair. The fabrication method guarantees the rapid manufacturing of a series of actuators with only a few modifications in the molds. The test results show the high quality of the actuators and their prominent bending and twisting capabilities. Experiments of the gripper demonstrate the advantages of the development in adapting to objects with different diameters and providing sufficient friction.

Here we present a fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers. The actuators are capable of generating coupled bending and twisting motions, which broadens their application in soft robotics.

تصنيع المحركات الناعمة شبكة تعمل بالهواء المضغوط مع الدوائر المائلة

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending ...

Scalable Stamp Printing and Fabrication of Hemiwicking Surfaces

Hemiwicking is a process where a fluid wets a patterned surface beyond its normal wetting length due to a combination of capillary action and imbibition. This wetting phenomenon is important in many technical fields ranging from physiology to aerospace engineering. Currently, several different techniques exist for fabricating hemiwicking structures. These conventional methods, however, are often time consuming and are difficult to scale-up for large areas or are difficult to customize for specific, nonhomogeneous patterning geometries. The presented protocol provides researchers with a simple, scalable, and cost-effective method for fabricating micro-patterned hemiwicking surfaces. The method fabricates wicking structures through the use of stamp printing, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding, and thin-film surface coatings. The protocol is demonstrated for hemiwicking with ethanol on PDMS micropillar arrays coated with a 70 nm thick aluminum thin-film.

A simple protocol is provided for the fabrication of hemiwicking structures of varying sizes, shapes, and materials. The protocol uses a combination of physical stamping, PDMS molding, and thin-film surface modifications via common materials deposition techniques.

ختم قابلة الطباعة وتصنيع الأسطح هيميويكينج

Hemiwicking is a process where a fluid wets a patterned surface beyond its normal wetting length due to a combination of capillary action and imbibition. ...

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Delignified densified wood is a new promising and sustainable material that possesses the potential to replace synthetic materials, such as glass fiber reinforced composites, due to its excellent mechanical properties. Delignified wood, however, is rather fragile in a wet state, which makes handling and shaping challenging. Here we present two fabrication processes, closed-mold densification and vacuum densification, to produce high-performance cellulose composites based on delignified wood, including an assessment of their advantages and limitations. Further, we suggest strategies for how the composites can be re-used or decomposed at the end-of-life cycle. Closed-mold densification has the advantage that no elaborate lab equipment is needed. Simple screw clamps or a press can be used for densification. We recommend this method for small parts with simple geometries and large radii of curvature. Vacuum densification in an open-mold process is suitable for larger objects and complex geometries, including small radii of curvature. Compared to the closed-mold process, the open-mold vacuum approach only needs the manufacture of a single mold cavity.

Delignified densified wood represents a new promising lightweight, high-performance and bio-based material with great potential to partially substitute natural fiber reinforced- or glass fiber reinforced composites in the future. We here present two versatile fabrication routes and demonstrate the possibility to create complex composite parts.

تصنيع وتصميم المواد المركبة عاليه الأداء المستندة إلى الخشب

Delignified densified wood is a new promising and sustainable material that possesses the potential to replace synthetic materials, such as glass fiber ...