Name: development of a more sensitive and specific chromogenic agar medium for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other vibrio species
Uploaded: 2016-11-08T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 34 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species at JoVE.com

نشكر السيد Channey، E. تشاو، و ك توماس لما قدموه من مساعدة في هذا المشروع. وقد تم تمويل وازم المشروع جزئيا من قبل جامعة ولاية كاليفورنيا بوليتكنيك.

<ol>
	<li>Yeung, P. S., Boor, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiology,+pathogenesis,+and+prevention+of+foodborne+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+infections.">Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections.</a> Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 1 (2), 74-88 (2004).</li><li>Yeung, P. S. M., Boor, K. J., Faruque, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiology,+molecular+biology,+and+detection+of+foodborne+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+infections.">Epidemiology, molecular biology, and detection of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections.</a> Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial pathogens: Epidemiology, Evolution and Molecular Biology. , 153-184 (2012).</li><li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vital+Signs:+Incidence+and+Trends+of+Infection+with+Pathogens+Transmitted+Commonly+Through+Food+-+Foodborne+Diseases+Active+Surveillance+Network,+10+U.S.+Sites,+1996-2010.">Vital Signs: Incidence and Trends of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 1996-2010.</a> Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 10, 1996-2010 (2011).</li><li>. Summary of human Vibrio cases reported to CDC, 2008 Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/21591">https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/21591</a> (2008)</li><li>Scallan, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foodborne+illness+acquired+in+the+United+States+-+major+pathogens.">Foodborne illness acquired in the United States - major pathogens.</a> Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17 (1), 7-15 (2011).</li><li>Baross, J., Liston, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Occurrence+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+and+related+hemolytic+vibrios+in+marine+environments+of+Washington+State.">Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related hemolytic vibrios in marine environments of Washington State.</a> Appl. Microbiol. 20 (2), 179-186 (1970).</li><li>Baross, J., Liston, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+from+the+Northwest+Pacific.">Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Northwest Pacific.</a> Nature. 217 (5135), 1263-1264 (1968).</li><li>Kueh, C. S., Chan, K. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacteria+in+bivalve+shellfish+with+special+reference+to+the+oyster.">Bacteria in bivalve shellfish with special reference to the oyster.</a> J. Appl. Bacteriol. 59 (1), 41-47 (1985).</li><li>Food and Drug Administration. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Bad Bug Book, Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins. , (2012).</li><li>Qadri, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adaptive+and+inflammatory+immune+responses+in+patients+infected+with+strains+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus.">Adaptive and inflammatory immune responses in patients infected with strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 187 (7), 1085-1096 (2003).</li><li>MacFaddin, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Media for isolation-cultivation-identification-maintenance of medical bacteria. 1, (1985).</li><li>Bottone, E. J., Robin, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vibrio+parahaemolyticus:+suspicion+of+presence+based+on+aberrant+biochemical+and+morphological+features.">Vibrio parahaemolyticus: suspicion of presence based on aberrant biochemical and morphological features.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 8 (6), 760-763 (1978).</li><li>Lotz, M. J., Tamplin, M. L., Rodrick, G. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thiosulfate-citrate-bile+salts-sucrose+agar+and+its+selectivity+for+clinical+and+marine+vibrio+organisms.">Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar and its selectivity for clinical and marine vibrio organisms.</a> Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 13 (1), 45-48 (1983).</li><li>Hara-Kudo, Y., Nishina, T., Nakagawa, H., Konuma, H., Hasegawa, J., Kumagai, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+method+for+detection+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+in+seafood.">Improved method for detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (12), 5819-5823 (2001).</li><li>Eddabra, R., Piemont, Y., Scheftel, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+new+chromogenic+medium,+chromID+Vibrio,+for+the+isolation+and+presumptive+identification+of+Vibrio+choleare+and+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+from+human+clinical+specimens.">Evaluation of a new chromogenic medium, chromID Vibrio, for the isolation and presumptive identification of Vibrio choleare and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from human clinical specimens.</a> Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30 (6), 733-737 (2011).</li><li>Kodaka, H., Teramura, H., Mizuochi, S., Saito, M., Matsuoka, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+the+Compact+Dry+VP+method+for+screening+raw+seafood+for+total+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus.">Evaluation of the Compact Dry VP method for screening raw seafood for total Vibrio parahaemolyticus.</a> J. Food. Prot. 72 (1), 169-173 (2009).</li><li>Su, Y. C., Duan, J., Wu, W. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectivity+and+specificity+of+a+chromogenic+medium+for+detecting+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus.">Selectivity and specificity of a chromogenic medium for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus.</a> J. Food Prot. 68 (7), 1454-1456 (2005).</li><li>Bej, A. K., Patterson, D. P., Brasher, C. W., Vickery, M. C., Jones, D. D., Kaysner, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+total+and+hemolysin-producing+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+in+shellfish+using+multiplex+PCR+amplification+of+tl,+tdh+and+trh.">Detection of total and hemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish using multiplex PCR amplification of tl, tdh and trh.</a> J. Microbiol. Methods. 36 (3), 215-225 (1999).</li><li>Yeung, P. S. M., DePaola, A., Kaysner, C. A., Boor, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+PCR+assay+for+specific+detection+of+the+pandemic+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+O3:K6+clone+from+shellfish.">A PCR assay for specific detection of the pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 clone from shellfish.</a> J. Food Sci. 68 (4), 1459-1466 (2003).</li><li>Yeung, P. S. M., Hayes, M. C., DePaola, A., Kaysner, C. A., Kornstein, L., Boor, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+phenotypic,+molecular,+and+virulence+characterization+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+O3:K6+isolates.">Comparative phenotypic, molecular, and virulence characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 isolates.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 (6), 2901-2909 (2002).</li><li>Duan, J., Su, Y. -. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+a+chromogenic+medium+with+thiosulfate-citrate-bile+salts-sucrose+agar+for+detecting+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus.">Comparison of a chromogenic medium with thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus.</a> J. Food Sci. 70, M125-M128 (2005).</li><li>Pinto, A. D., Terio, V., Novello, L., Tantillo, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+between+thiosulphate-citrate-bile+salt+sucrose+(TCBS)+agar+and+CHROMagar+Vibrio+for+isolating+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus.">Comparison between thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagar Vibrio for isolating Vibrio parahaemolyticus.</a> Food Control. 22 (1), 124-127 (2011).</li><li>Canizalez-Roman, A., Flores-Villase&#241;or, H., Zazueta-Beltran, J., Muro-Amador, S., Le&#242;n-Sicairos, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+evaluation+of+a+chromogenic+agar+medium-PCR+protocol+with+a+conventional+method+for+isolation+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+strains+from+environmental+and+clinical+samples.">Comparative evaluation of a chromogenic agar medium-PCR protocol with a conventional method for isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from environmental and clinical samples.</a> Can J Microbiol. 57 (2), 136-142 (2011).</li><li>Kriem, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence+of+Vibrio+spp.+in+raw+shrimps+(Parapenaeus+longirostris)+and+performance+of+a+chromogenic+medium+for+the+isolation+of+Vibrio+strains.">Prevalence of Vibrio spp. in raw shrimps (Parapenaeus longirostris) and performance of a chromogenic medium for the isolation of Vibrio strains.</a> Lett Appl Microbiol. 61 (3), 224-230 (2015).</li><li>Food Drug Administration. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Statistical+guidance+on+reporting+results+from+studies+evaluating+diagnostic+tests.">Statistical guidance on reporting results from studies evaluating diagnostic tests.</a> http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm071148.htm. , (2007).</li><li>Burd, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validation+of+laboratory-developed+molecular+assays+for+infectious+diseases.">Validation of laboratory-developed molecular assays for infectious diseases.</a> Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (3), 550-576 (2010).</li></ol>

Some media were generously provided by Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA. Thorsen conducted this study while a student at California Polytechnic State University. He is currently an employee of Hardy Diagnostics.

وتركز هذه الدراسة على تطوير وسائل الإعلام والثقافة، والتقييم. تقليديا، TCBS هو انتقائية والتفضيلية تستخدم سيلة لعزل وكشف V. نظيرة الحالة للدم، ضمة الكوليرا والخامس. vulnificus 12. ومع ذلك، فقد تم الإبلاغ عن القيود لهذه الوسيلة، مثل عدم القدرة على التفريق V. ?...

كعضو من جنس الضمة، V. نظيرة الحالة للدم هو، المنحني، على شكل قضيب البكتيريا سالبة الجرام، وتشكيل غير بوغ. فإنه يسلك حركية عالية في كل من البيئات السائلة وشبه الصلبة. معظم V. سلالات نظيرة الحالة للدم هي غير الممرضة للإنسان، ومع ذلك فقد الأنواع الفرعية الممرضة تسبب الأوبئة والجوائح، وبالتالي يعتبر هذا النوع أن يكون الممرض تنتقل عن طريق الأغذية في العديد من البلدان 1،2. وقد أظهرت حدوث العدوى الضمة في الولايات المتحدة اتجاها تصاعديا منذ عام 2000 3. ومن بين الضمة النيابة.، V. نظيرة الحالة للدم هو النوع الأكثر ذكرت في كثير من الأحيان تسبب الأمراض في الولايات المتحدة 4،5. وتشمل الأنواع الأخرى ذات الصلة سريريا خامسا alginolyticus، V. vulnificus، V. الكوليرا، وما يحدث هناك نسبة صغيرة من الأمراض عن طريق أنواع متعددة في وقت واحد. خامسا نظيرة الحالة للدم هو ط الطبيعيnhabitant من المياه البحرية، وبالتالي توزيعها على نطاق واسع في المياه البحرية في جميع أنحاء العالم بما في ذلك مصبات الأنهار. تم اكتشاف الأنواع في عام 1950 بعد تفشي التسمم الغذائي في اليابان. في الولايات المتحدة، والأنواع عزله للمرة الأولى في مياه البحر والرواسب، والمحار في المنطقة بوجيه ساوند 6،7. مرشح مغذيات في الموائل البحرية مثل المحار الصدفتين، يمكن أن تأوي V. نظيرة الحالة للدم كجزء من النباتات الطبيعية 8. على هذا النحو، V. وغالبا ما ترتبط العدوى نظيرة الحالة للدم في الانسان الى استهلاك الأغذية البحرية الملوثة، وخاصة المحار النيئ أو. يحدث الطريق أقل شيوعا من دخول عندما يتعرض الجرح مفتوحا لمياه البحر، مما يؤدي إلى إصابة الجلد. معظم V. سلالات نظيرة الحالة للدم لا تسبب الأمراض التي تصيب البشر، ولكن بعض الأنواع الفرعية إيواء عوامل الفوعة مثل دموية بالحرارة مباشرة (TDH) والمسببة للأمراض. الأعراض الأكثر شيوعا من الأمراض المنقولة بالغذاء V. عدوى نظيرة الحالة للدم همالاسهال وآلام في البطن، تليها الغثيان والقيء، والحمى. كما تم الإبلاغ عن الصداع والقشعريرة. فترة الحضانة متوسط هو 15 ساعة، ولكن يمكن أن تصل إلى 96 ساعة بعد استهلاك كمية كافية من السلالات المسببة للأمراض 9. يستمر المرض من سنتين إلى ثلاث أيام. أعراض التهاب المعدة والأمعاء الناجمة عن V. نظيرة الحالة للدم وإلى حد كبير محدودة ذاتيا والعلاج وبالتالي الخاصة ليست ضرورية. الحالات الخفيفة من التهاب المعدة والأمعاء ويمكن علاجها على نحو فعال من خلال معالجة الجفاف عن طريق الفم. ويمكن علاج أمراض خطيرة أكثر من المضادات الحيوية مثل التتراسيكلين أو سيبروفلوكساسين 10. معدل وفيات حوالي 2٪ للحالات التهاب المعدة والأمعاء، ولكن قد يصل إلى 29٪ لأولئك الذين يطورون عدوى مجرى الدم أو تسمم الدم. أي الشخص الذي يستهلك المأكولات البحرية أو لديه جرح مفتوح تتعرض لمياه البحر في خطر من V. عدوى نظيرة الحالة للدم. شكل أكثر شدة من الأمراض، وتسمم الدم تهدد الحياة، هو أكثر شيوعا في جزء من السكان مع زملاء الطبي الأساسيnditions 11، والتي تشمل إدمان الكحول، وأمراض الكبد، ومرض السكري، وأمراض الكلى والأورام الخبيثة، وغيرها من الشروط التي تؤدي إلى استجابة مناعية ضعيفة. والجدير بالذكر أن هذه المجموعة من الأفراد هي أيضا في خطر أعلى للتعاقد الأمراض الحادة الناجمة عن V. vulnificus، التي يمكن العثور عليها في الموائل الطبيعية مشابهة لV. نظيرة الحالة للدم. يتم عزل خامسا نظيرة الحالة للدم بشكل روتيني باستخدام وحمض-سترات الصفراء أملاح-السكروز (TCBS) أجار كوسيلة انتقائية والتفاضلية. تخصيب اليورانيوم في البيبتون القلوية قد تسبق العزلة على TCBS أجار. وثم مزيد من الاختبارات المستعمرات الظني على TCBS في سلسلة من الاختبارات البيوكيميائية و / أو المقايسات الجزيئية التي تستهدف وجود جينات الأنواع المحددة. وغالبا ما تستخدم أساليب PCR القائم لتأكيد هوية V. نظيرة الحالة للدم عن طريق تضخيم الجين دموية بالحرارة، TLH 12. بغض النظر عن الفصلOICE أساليب تأكيد، فمن المهم أن يكون وسيلة فعالة لعزل وتمييز V. نظيرة الحالة للدم من ضمات البحرية الأخرى في المقام الأول. وقد استخدمت بشكل روتيني TCBS للتمييز الأنواع داخل جنس الضمة وفقا لقدراتهم للتخمر السكروز 12. ويرافق رد فعل إيجابي التخمير عن تغيير لون مؤشر الرقم الهيدروجيني زرقة البروموثيمول. ف. المستعمرات نظيرة الحالة للدم هي مميزة إلى حد ما على TCBS، واظهار اللون الأزرق إلى اللون الأخضر. ومع ذلك، هذه الوسيلة لا يمكن التفريق بسهولة V. alginolyticus والخامس. الكوليرا. الأنواع بروتيوس-تخمر السكروز قد ينتج مستعمرات صفراء تشبه V. الكوليرا أو V. alginolyticus 13. على العزلة الأولية على TCBS، V. ويمكن أيضا أن أخطأ في التعرف نظيرة الحالة للدم كما الإيروموناس هايدروفيلا، القوربية الشيغيلانية، وأنواع الزائفة 14. سلالات مع سعر الصرف الثابت السكروز تأخرقد يتم الخلط بين entation مع السكروز الآخرين nonfermenting الضمة 13، والتي تشمل V. نظيرة الحالة للدم. تم العثور على TCBS أن تكون ليست حساسة ضد كولاي، الجرية الزائفة، من بين أمور أخرى. تسفر عن العديد من الأنواع الأخرى خضراء إلى رمادية المستعمرات التي يحتمل الخلط بينه وبين V. نظيرة الحالة للدم أو V. vulnificus 15. ونتيجة لذلك، فمن المستحسن لتطوير وسائل الإعلام ثقافة بديلة مع أفضل حساسية وخصوصية نحو كشف وعزل خامسا نظيرة الحالة للدم وغيرها من الأنواع ذات صلة وثيقة. وقد وضعت مؤخرا عدة بدائل وسائل الإعلام. بالإضافة إلى إدراج وكلاء انتقائية، فإن معظم إدماج ركائز اللونية للتمييز الأنواع على أساس الأنشطة الإنزيمية التفاضلية الخاصة بهم. على سبيل المثال، استخدمت الإندوكسيل-β-جلوكوسيدي والإندوكسيل-β-غالاكتوزيد باعتبارها ركائز اللونية للتمييز V. الفقرةالمستعمرات لدم (والتي تظهر لون أخضر مزرق) من تلك التي V. الكوليرا (الأرجواني) بسبب قدراته التفاضلي على إنتاج بيتا جلوكوزيد وβ غالاكتوزيداز 16. تم تقييم تركيبات مختلفة من أجار مولدات اللون وضعت من قبل العديد من الجماعات ووذكرت لأداء نسبيا أو أفضل من TCBS 17،18،19. ميزة استخدام وسيلة مولد اللون هو أن التلوين من الوسط المحيط هو الحد الأدنى مما يسهل عزل المستعمرات معينة. في هذه الدراسة، قمنا بتقييم قدرة متوسطة مولد اللون وضعت حديثا لكشف وعزل خامسا الكوليرا، V. نظيرة الحالة للدم، والخامس vulnificus. مع التركيز بشكل خاص على قدرته على التفريق V. نظيرة الحالة للدم من الأنواع الأخرى.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Reagent/Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agar</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>DF0140-15-4</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Autoclave</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BHI powder</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>DF0418-17-7</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Blender</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>to blend oyster meat</td></tr><tr><td>CampyGen gas generator</td><td>Hardy Diagnostics</td><td>CN035A</td><td>to provide a microaerophilic atmosphere; may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Chocolate agar plates</td><td>Hardy Diagnostics</td><td>E14</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Common PCR reagents (dNTPs, MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Taq&lt;/em&gt; Polymerase)</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>or use PCR beads (Fisher Sci 46-001-014)</td></tr><tr><td>Culture tubes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S50712</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Eppendorf tubes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S348903</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Gel doc</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HardyChrom Vibrio agar plates</td><td>Hardy Diagnostics</td><td>G319</td><td>This study evaluates this medium</td></tr><tr><td>Incubator</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inoculating loops</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>22-363-606</td><td>10 microliter-size was used in this study</td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP358-212</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Oysters</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>R23701</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>FB0875713</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>Pipette and tips</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>Sterilized tips</td></tr><tr><td>Primers for &lt;em&gt;tlh&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>IDT DNA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scale</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spreader</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>08-100-11</td><td>Beads may be used instead</td></tr><tr><td>Stomacher blender</td><td>Stomacher</td><td>400</td><td>Samples were homogenized at 200 rpm for 30 sec.&amp;nbsp; Other homogenizer can be used.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile filter bags for blenders</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>01-812-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TCBS powder</td><td>Hardy Diagnostics</td><td>265020</td><td>This study evaluates this medium</td></tr><tr><td>Thermocycler</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TSB powder</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>DF0370-07-5</td><td>may use other brands</td></tr><tr><td>UV viewing cabinet</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>Emit long-wave UV light</td></tr><tr><td>Water bath</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Bacterial species and strains&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Aeromonas hydrophila&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Campylobacter jejuni&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Proteus mirabilis&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; Choleraesuis</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Shigella boydii&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Shigella flexneri&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Shigella sonnei&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Vibrio alginolyticus&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. cholerae&lt;/em&gt; (serotypes include &lt;em&gt;O139, O1,&lt;/em&gt; non &lt;em&gt;O1, El Tor&lt;/em&gt; biovars)</td><td>FDA, ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. damsela&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>FDA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. fisheri&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>Environment</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. fluvialis&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>CDC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. furnissii&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>CDC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. hollisae&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>FDA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. metschnikovii&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. mimicus&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>FDA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt; (serotypes include O3:K6, O1:K56, O4:K8, O5:K15, O8, &lt;em&gt;etc.&lt;/em&gt;)</td><td>ATCC, FDA, CDC, Environment</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. proteolyticus&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>FDA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;V. vulnificus&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>FDA</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

development of a more sensitive and specific chromogenic agar medium for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other vibrio species

وقد أظهرت العدوى تنتقل عن طريق الأغذية في الولايات المتحدة التي تسببها أنواع الضمة اتجاها تصاعديا. في جنس الضمة، V. نظيرة الحالة للدم هو المسؤول عن غالبية الإصابات -associated الضمة. وهكذا، والتفريق الدقيق بين الضمة النيابة. وكشف V. نظيرة الحالة للدم هو في غاية الأهمية لضمان سلامة الإمدادات الغذائية لدينا. على الرغم من أن التقنيات الجزيئية شائعة على نحو متزايد، لا تزال تفعل أساليب اعتمادا الثقافة بشكل روتيني وأنها تعتبر الأساليب القياسية في ظروف معينة. وبالتالي، تم اختبار رواية المتوسطة أجار مولد اللون مع الهدف المتمثل في توفير أفضل طريقة لعزل والتفريق بين النيابة الضمة ذات الصلة سريريا. مقارنة بروتوكول الحد الحساسية والنوعية والكشف للكشف عن V. نظيرة الحالة للدم بين المتوسطة مولد اللون الجديد والمتوسطة التقليدية. خامسا مختلف سلالات نظيرة الحالة للدم (ن = 22) إعادةعرض الأنماط المصلية ومصدر من أصول مختلفة استخدمت. كانوا تحديدها من قبل إدارة الغذاء والدواء (FDA) ومراكز السيطرة على الأمراض والوقاية منها (CDC)، وكذلك التحقق في مختبرنا من قبل TLH -PCR. في أربعة على الأقل محاكمات منفصلة، ​​تم تلقيح هذه السلالات على اللونية أجار ووحمض-سترات الصفراء أملاح-السكروز (TCBS) أجار، التي هي وسيلة الموصى بها لزراعة هذا النوع، تليها الحضانة في 35-37 درجة مئوية لمدة 24 -96 ساعة. ثلاثة V. لم سلالات نظيرة الحالة للدم (13.6٪) لا ينمو بالشكل الأمثل على TCBS، ومع ذلك أظهرت مستعمرات خضراء إذا كان هناك نمو. لم سلالتين (9.1٪) لم تسفر المستعمرات السماوي المتوقعة على أجار مولد اللون. خامسا عدم تم اختبار سلالات نظيرة الحالة للدم (ن = 32) أيضا لتحديد خصوصية أجار مولد اللون. ومن بين هذه السلالات، لم لا تنمو 31 أو عرضت الأشكال التضاريسية مستعمرة أخرى. يعني استرداد V. نظيرة الحالة للدم على chromogeكانت شركة الاستثمارات الوطنية أجار ~ 96.4٪ بالمقارنة مع أجار الصويا زيتية تستكمل مع 2٪ كلوريد الصوديوم. في الختام، أجار مولد اللون الجديد هو وسيلة فعالة للكشف عن V. نظيرة الحالة للدم ولتمييزه عن ضمات أخرى.

في هذه الدراسة، تم تجميع 54 سلالات ميكروبية، والتي شملت 22 سلالات داخل V. الأنواع نظيرة الحالة للدم، 19 نوعا الضمة أخرى، و 13 أنواع الضمة غير (الجدول 1). معظم V. إما تلقى سلالات نظيرة الحالة للدم من ادارة الاغذية والعق?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species at JoVE.com

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

Detection and isolation of clinically relevant Vibrio species require selective and differential culture media. This study evaluated the ability of a new chromogenic medium to detect and identify V. parahaemolyticus and other related species. The new medium was found to have better sensitivity and specificity than the conventional medium.

تطوير أكثر حساسية وخصوصية اللونية آجار المتوسطة للكشف عن<em&gt; الضمة نظيرة الحالة للدم</em&gt; وغيره<em&gt; الضمة</em&gt; الأنواع

Foodborne infections in the US caused by Vibrio species have shown an upward trend. In the genus Vibrio, V. parahaemolyticus is responsible for the ...

development-more-sensitive-specific-chromogenic-agar-medium-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

14.5K Views.  California Polytechnic State University. Detection and isolation of clinically relevant Vibrio species require selective and differential culture media. This study evaluated the ability of a new chromogenic medium to detect and identify V. parahaemolyticus and other related species. The new medium was found to have better sensitivity and specificity than the conventional medium. 

Video: Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

This protocol describes rapid colorimetric detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from large volumes (10 L) of agricultural waters. Here, water is filtered through sterile Modified Moore Swabs (MMS), which consist&#160;of a simple gauze filter enclosed in a plastic cartridge, to concentrate bacteria. Following filtration, non-selective or selective enrichments for the target bacteria are performed in the MMS. For colorimetric detection of the target bacteria, the enrichments are then assayed using paper-based analytical devices (&#181;PADs) embedded with bacteria-indicative substrates. Each substrate reacts with target-indicative bacterial enzymes, generating colored products that can be detected visually (qualitative detection) on the &#181;PAD. Alternatively, digital images of the reacted &#181;PADs can be generated with common scanning or photographic devices and analyzed using ImageJ software, allowing for more objective and standardized interpretation of results. Although the biochemical screening procedures are designed to identify the aforementioned bacterial pathogens, in some cases enzymes produced by background microbiota or the degradation of the colorimetric substrates may produce a false positive. Therefore, confirmation using a more discriminatory diagnostic is needed. Nonetheless, this bacterial concentration and detection platform is inexpensive, sensitive (0.1 CFU/ml detection limit), easy to perform, and rapid (concentration, enrichment, and detection are performed within approximately 24&#160;hr), justifying its use as an initial screening method for the microbiological quality of agricultural water.

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

A protocol involving integrated concentration, enrichment, and end-point colorimetric detection of foodborne pathogens in large volumes of agricultural water is presented here. Water is filtered through Modified Moore Swabs (MMS), enriched with selective or non-selective media, and detection is performed using paper-based analytical devices (&#181;PAD) imbedded with bacterial-indicative colorimetric substrates.

على الورق اللونية الكشف عن<em&gt; كولاي</em&gt;،<em&gt; السالمونيلا</em&gt; النيابة، و<em&gt; المستوحدة الليستيريا</em&gt; من كميات كبيرة من المياه الزراعية

This protocol describes rapid colorimetric detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from large volumes (10 L) of ...

Environment

'Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens

Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis are Category A bacterial pathogens that are the causative agents of the plague and anthrax, respectively 1. Although the natural occurrence of both diseases&#39; is now relatively rare, the possibility of terrorist groups using these pathogens as a bioweapon is real. Because of the disease&#39;s inherent communicability, rapid clinical course, and high mortality rate, it is critical that an outbreak be detected quickly. Therefore methodologies that provide rapid detection and diagnosis are essential to ensure immediate implementation of public health measures and activation of crisis management.
Recombinant reporter phage may provide a rapid and specific approach for the detection of Y. pestis and B. anthracis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently use the classical phage lysis assays for the confirmed identification of these bacterial pathogens 2-4. These assays take advantage of naturally occurring phage which are specific and lytic for their bacterial hosts. After overnight growth of the cultivated bacterium in the presence of the specific phage, the formation of plaques (bacterial lysis) provides a positive identification of the bacterial target. Although these assays are robust, they suffer from three shortcomings: 1) they are laboratory based; 2) they require bacterial isolation and cultivation from the suspected sample, and 3) they take 24-36 h to complete. To address these issues, recombinant &#34;light-tagged&#34; reporter phage were genetically engineered by integrating the Vibrio harveyi luxAB genes into the genome of Y. pestis and B. anthracis specific phage 5-8. The resulting luxAB reporter phage were able to detect their specific target by rapidly (within minutes) and sensitively conferring a bioluminescent phenotype to recipient cells. Importantly, detection was obtained either with cultivated recipient cells or with mock-infected clinical specimens 7.
For demonstration purposes, here we describe the method for the phage-mediated detection of a known Y. pestis isolate using a luxAB reporter phage constructed from the CDC plague diagnostic phage &#934;A1122 6,7 (Figure 1). A similar method, with minor modifications (e.g. change in growth temperature and media), may be used for the detection of B. anthracis isolates using the B. anthracis reporter phage W&#946;::luxAB 8. The method describes the phage-mediated transduction of a biolumescent phenotype to cultivated Y. pestis cells which are subsequently measured using a microplate luminometer. The major advantages of this method over the traditional phage lysis assays is the ease of use, the rapid results, and the ability to test multiple samples simultaneously in a 96-well microtiter plate format.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/2740/2740fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Detection schematic. The phage are mixed with the sample, the phage infects the cell, luxAB are expressed, and the cell bioluminesces. Sample processing is not necessary; the phage and cells are mixed and subsequently measured for light.

A simple method for the identification of priority bacterial pathogens is to use genetically engineered reporter phage. These reporter phage, which are specific to their particular host species, are capable of rapidly transducing a bioluminescent signal response to host cells. Herein, we describe the use of reporter phage for the detection of Yersinia pestis.

&#39;Bioluminescent&#39; بالعاثية مراسل للكشف عن مسببات الأمراض البكتيرية الفئة أ

Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis are Category A bacterial pathogens that are the causative agents of the plague and anthrax, respectively 1. ...

Ecotoxicological Method with Marine Bacteria Vibrio anguillarum to Evaluate the Acute Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants

Bacteria are an important component of the ecosystem, and microbial community alterations can have a significant effect on biogeochemical cycling and food webs. Toxicity testing based on microorganisms are widely used because they are relatively quick, reproducible, cheap, and are not associated with ethical issues. Here, we describe an ecotoxicological method to evaluate the biological response of the marine bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. This method assesses the acute toxicity of chemical compounds, including new contaminants such as nanoparticles, as well as environmental samples. The endpoint is the reduction of bacterial culturability (i.e., the capability to replicate and form colonies) due to exposure to a toxicant. This reduction can be generally referred to as mortality. The test allows for the determination of the LC50, the concentration that causes a 50% decrease of bacteria actively replicating and forming colonies, after a 6 h exposure. The culturable bacteria are counted in terms of colony forming units (CFU), and the &#34;mortality&#34; is evaluated and compared to the control. In this work, the toxicity of copper sulphate (CuSO4) was evaluated. A clear dose-response relationship was observed, with a mean LC50 of 1.13 mg/L, after three independent tests. This protocol, compared to existing methods with microorganisms, is applicable in a wider range of salinity and has no limitations for colored/turbid samples. It uses saline solution as the exposure medium, avoiding any possible interferences of growth medium with the investigated contaminants. The LC50 calculation facilitates comparisons with other bioassays commonly applied to ecotoxicological assessments of the marine environment.

Ecotoxicological Method with Marine Bacteria Vibrio anguillarum to Evaluate the Acute Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants

This work describes a new protocol to assess the ecotoxicity of pollutants, including emerging contaminants such as nanomaterials, using the marine bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. This method allows for the determination of the LC50, or mortality, the concentration that causes a 50% decrease in bacteria culturability, after a 6 h exposure.

طريقة السمية البيئية مع البكتيريا البحرية<em&gt; فيبريو أنغيلاروم</em&gt; لتقييم السمنة الحادة من الملوثات البيئية

Bacteria are an important component of the ecosystem, and microbial community alterations can have a significant effect on biogeochemical cycling and food ...

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a common foodborne pathogen that contributes to a large proportion of public health problems globally, significantly affecting the rate of human mortality and morbidity. Conventional methods for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus such as culture-based methods, immunological assays, and molecular-based methods require complicated sample handling and are time-consuming, tedious, and costly. Recently, biosensors have proven to be a promising and comprehensive detection method with the advantages of fast detection, cost-effectiveness, and practicality. This research focuses on developing a rapid method of detecting V. parahaemolyticus with high selectivity and sensitivity using the principles of DNA hybridization. In the work, characterization of synthesized polylactic acid-stabilized gold nanoparticles (PLA-AuNPs) was achieved using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). We also carried out further testing of stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the PLA-AuNPs. We found that the PLA-AuNPs formed a sound structure of stabilized nanoparticles in aqueous solution. We also observed that the sensitivity improved as a result of the smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct) value and an increase of active surface area (0.41 cm2). The development of our DNA biosensor was based on modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with PLA-AuNPs and using methylene blue (MB) as the redox indicator. We assessed the immobilization and hybridization events by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). We found that complementary, non-complementary, and mismatched oligonucleotides were specifically distinguished by the fabricated biosensor. It also showed reliably sensitive detection in cross-reactivity studies against various food-borne pathogens and in the identification of V. parahaemolyticus in fresh cockles.

A protocol for the development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor comprising a polylactic acid-stabilized, gold nanoparticles-modified, screen-printed carbon electrode to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus is presented.

تطوير Biosensor الكهروكيميائية الحمض النووي للكشف عن مسببات الأمراض المنقولة عن طريق الأغذية

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a common foodborne pathogen that contributes to a large proportion of public health problems globally, ...

Bioengineering

A Rapid Image-based Bacterial Virulence Assay Using Amoeba

Traditional bacterial virulence assays involve prolonged exposure of bacteria over the course of several hours to host cells. During this time, bacteria can undergo changes in the physiology due to the exposure to host growth environment and the presence of the host cells. We developed an assay to rapidly measure the virulence state of bacteria that minimize the extent to which bacteria grow in the presence of host cells. Bacteria and amoebae are mixed together and immobilized on a single imaging plane using an agar pad. The procedure uses single-cell fluorescence imaging with calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) as an indicator of host cell health. The fluorescence of host cells is analyzed after 1 h of exposure of host cells to bacteria using epifluorescence microscopy. Image analysis software is used to compute a host killing index. This method has been used to measure virulence within planktonic and surface-attached Pseudomonas aeruginosa sub-populations during the initial stage of biofilm formation and may be adapted to other bacteria and other stages of biofilm growth. This protocol provides a rapid and robust method of measuring virulence and avoids many of the complexities associated with the growth and maintenance of mammalian cell lines. Virulence phenotypes measured here using amoebae have also been validated using mouse macrophages. In particular, this assay was used to establish that surface attachment upregulates virulence in P. aeruginosa.

Here, we present a protocol to measure the virulence of planktonic or surface-attached bacteria using D. discoideum (amoeba) as a host. Virulence is measured over a period of 1 h and host killing is quantified using fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. We demonstrate this protocol using the bacterium P. aeruginosa.

والرزن سريع فوعة جرثومية المستندة إلى الصور استخدام أميبا

Traditional bacterial virulence assays involve prolonged exposure of bacteria over the course of several hours to host cells. During this time, bacteria ...

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

The aquatic Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the infectious gastrointestinal disease cholera. Due to the global prevalence and severity of this disease, V. cholerae has been extensively studied in both environmental and laboratory settings, requiring proper maintenance and culturing techniques. Classical and El Tor are two main biotypes that compose the V. cholerae O1 serogroup, each displaying unique genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that provide reliable mechanisms for biotype characterization, and require distinct virulence inducing culturing conditions. Regardless of the biotype of the causative strain for any given infection or outbreak, the standard treatment for the disease involves rehydration therapy supplemented with a regimen of antibiotics. However, biotype classification may be necessary for laboratory studies and may have broader impacts in the biomedical field. In the early 2000&#39;s clinical isolates were identified which exhibit genotypic and phenotypic traits from both classical and El Tor biotypes. The newly identified hybrids, termed El Tor variants, have caused clinical and environmental isolate biotype identification to become more complex than previous traditional single assay identification protocols. In addition to describing V. cholerae general maintenance and culturing techniques, this manuscript describes a series of gene specific (ctxB and tcpA) PCR-based genetic screens and phenotypic assays (polymyxin B resistance, citrate metabolism, proteolytic activity, hemolytic activity, motility, and glucose metabolism via Voges-Proskauer assay) collectively used to characterize and/or distinguish between classical and El Tor biotypes. Together, these assays provide an efficient systematic approach to be used as an alternative, or in addition, to costly, labor-intensive experiments in the characterization of V. cholerae clinical (and environmental) isolates.

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

This manuscript describes proper Vibrio cholerae maintenance techniques in addition to a series of biochemical assays, collectively utilized for quick and reliable differentiation between clinical and environmental V. cholerae biotypes in a laboratory setting.

تقنيات المختبر تستخدم للحفاظ على والتمايز بيوتيبس<em&gt; ضمة الكوليرا</em&gt; العوازل السريرية والبيئية

The aquatic Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the infectious gastrointestinal disease cholera. Due to the global ...

Induction of Cellular Differentiation and Single Cell Imaging of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Swimmer and Swarmer Cells

The ability to study the intracellular localization of proteins is essential for the understanding of many cellular processes. In turn, this requires the ability to obtain single cells for fluorescence microscopy, which can be particularly challenging when imaging cells that exist within bacterial communities. For example, the human pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus exists as short rod-shaped swimmer cells in liquid conditions that upon surface contact differentiate into a subpopulation of highly elongated swarmer cells specialized for growth on solid surfaces. This paper presents a method to perform single cell fluorescence microscopy analysis of V. parahaemolyticus in its two differential states. This protocol very reproducibly induces differentiation of V. parahaemolyticus into a swarmer cell life-cycle and facilitates their proliferation over solid surfaces. The method produces flares of differentiated swarmer cells extending from the edge of the swarm-colony. Notably, at the very tip of the swarm-flares, swarmer cells exist in a single layer of cells, which allows for their easy transfer to a microscope slide and subsequent fluorescence microscopy imaging of single cells. Additionally, the workflow of image analysis for demographic representation of bacterial societies is presented. As a proof of principle, the analysis of the intracellular localization of chemotaxis signaling arrays in swimmer and swarmer cells of V. parahaemolyticus is described.

Induction of Cellular Differentiation and Single Cell Imaging of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Swimmer and Swarmer Cells

This protocol enables single cell microscopy of the differentially distinct Vibrio parahaemolyticus swimmer and swarmer cells. The method produces a population of swarmer cells easily available for single cell analysis and covers preparation of cell cultures, induction of swarmer differentiation, sample preparation, and image analysis.

تحريض التمايز الخلوي والتصوير خلية واحدة من<em&gt; فيبرايو بارايموليتيكوس</em&gt; السباح و سوارمر الخلايا

The ability to study the intracellular localization of proteins is essential for the understanding of many cellular processes. In turn, this requires the ...

A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

Fecal-oral transmission of acute gastroenteritis occurs from time to time, especially when people who handled food and water are infected by Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. The gold standard method for the detection of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. is direct culture but this is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Here, we describe a high-throughput platform for Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. screening, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with guided culture. There are two major stages: real-time PCR and the guided culture. For the first stage (real-time PCR), we explain each step of the method: sample collection, pre-enrichment, DNA extraction and real-time PCR. If the real-time PCR result is positive, then the second stage (guided culture) is performed: selective culture, biochemical identification and serological characterization. We also illustrate representative results generated from it. The protocol described here would be a valuable platform for the rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. are common pathogens attributed to diarrhea. Here, we describe a high-throughput platform for the screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp. using real-time PCR combined with guided culture.

منصة الفائق لفحص السالمونيلا spp./دوسنتاريا spp.

Fecal-oral transmission of acute gastroenteritis occurs from time to time, especially when people who handled food and water are infected by Salmonella ...

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates

This manuscript describes a culture-based, coincubation assay for detecting and characterizing competitive interactions between two bacterial populations. This method employs stable plasmids that allow each population to be differentially tagged with distinct antibiotic resistance capabilities and fluorescent proteins for selection and visual discrimination of each population, respectively. Here, we describe the preparation and coincubation of competing Vibrio fischeri strains, fluorescence microscopy imaging, and quantitative data analysis. This approach is simple, yields quick results, and can be used to determine whether one population kills or inhibits the growth of another population, and whether competition is mediated through a diffusible molecule or requires direct cell-cell contact. Because each bacterial population expresses a different fluorescent protein, the assay permits the spatial discrimination of competing populations within a mixed colony. Although the described methods are performed with the symbiotic bacterium V. fischeri using conditions optimized for this species, the protocol can be adapted for most culturable bacterial isolates.

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates

Bacteria encode diverse mechanisms for engaging in interbacterial competition. Here, we present a culture-based protocol for characterizing competitive interactions between bacterial isolates and how they impact the spatial structure of a mixed population.

اختبار تكعيبي لتحديد التفاعلات التنافسية بين عزل فيبريو فيشري

This manuscript describes a culture-based, coincubation assay for detecting and characterizing competitive interactions between two bacterial populations. ...

Rapid Protocol for Preparation of Electrocompetent Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae

Electroporation has become a widely used method for rapidly and efficiently introducing foreign DNA into a wide range of cells. Electrotransformation has become the method of choice for introducing DNA into prokaryotes that are not naturally competent. Electroporation is a rapid, efficient, and streamlined transformation method that, in addition to purified DNA and competent bacteria, requires commercially available gene pulse controller and cuvettes. In contrast to the pulsing step, preparation of electrocompetent cells is time consuming and labor intensive involving repeated rounds of centrifugation and washes in decreasing volumes of sterile, cold water, or non-ionic buffers of large volumes of cultures grown to mid-logarithmic phase of growth. Time and effort can be saved by purchasing electrocompetent cells from commercial sources, but the selection is limited to commonly employed E. coli laboratory strains. We are hereby disseminating a rapid and efficient method for preparing electrocompetent E. coli, which has been in use by bacteriology laboratories for some time, can be adapted to V. cholerae and other prokaryotes. While we cannot ascertain whom to credit for developing the original technique, we are hereby making it available to the scientific community.

Rapid Protocol for Preparation of Electrocompetent Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae

Electroporation is a commonly employed method for introducing DNA into bacteria in a process known as transformation. Traditional protocols for the preparation of electrocompetent cells are time consuming and labor intensive. This article describes an alternate, rapid, and efficient method for the preparation of electrocompetent cells presently employed by some laboratories.

بروتوكول السريع لإعداد Electrocompetent<em&gt; كولاي</em&gt; و<em&gt; ضمة الكوليرا</em

Electroporation has become a widely used method for rapidly and efficiently introducing foreign DNA into a wide range of cells. Electrotransformation has ...

تطوير أكثر حساسية وخصوصية اللونية آجار المتوسطة للكشف عن

Summary

Explore More Videos

Chapters in this video

على الورق اللونية الكشف عن

'Bioluminescent' بالعاثية مراسل للكشف عن مسببات الأمراض البكتيرية الفئة أ

طريقة السمية البيئية مع البكتيريا البحرية

تطوير Biosensor الكهروكيميائية الحمض النووي للكشف عن مسببات الأمراض المنقولة عن طريق الأغذية

والرزن سريع فوعة جرثومية المستندة إلى الصور استخدام أميبا

تقنيات المختبر تستخدم للحفاظ على والتمايز بيوتيبس

تحريض التمايز الخلوي والتصوير خلية واحدة من

منصة الفائق لفحص السالمونيلا spp./دوسنتاريا spp.

اختبار تكعيبي لتحديد التفاعلات التنافسية بين عزل فيبريو فيشري

بروتوكول السريع لإعداد Electrocompetent