تم الحصول على أجسام مضادة وحيدة النسيلة (15.3B9 ، PAX7) التي طورتها (دود ، TM Jessell وكواكامي ألف) من البنك التنموي ورم هجين الدراسات المتقدمة تحت رعاية معاهد الصحة القومية والحفاظ عليها من جامعة أيوا ، قسم العلوم البيولوجية ، ولاية ايوا. موانئ دبي هي المستفيدة من جائزة روث 1F32 - 01A1 كيرشتاين DA021977 من المعهد الوطني لتعاطي المخدرات. وأيد هذا العمل من قبل مؤسسة مارغريت Alkek M. إلى RHF.

أولا تخطيطي لمحة عامة : هذا الفيديو يوضح الخطوات المختلفة في جبل المناعية كلها في جنين الفرخ. الأول ، هو ثابت في جنين PFA [IHC1]. إذن ، هو مروي الذاتية النشاط البيروكسيداز [IHC2]. ومن ثم حضنت الجنين في جسم الأولية [IHC3]. يغسل بعد عدة ، وحضنت في جسم الجنين الثانوية [IHC4] ؛ يكشف رد فعل اللون باستخدام DAB [IHC5] والضد يظهر البرتقالي تلطيخ [IHC6]. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/956_2009_1_26_3/figure 1.png" alt="الشكل 1" width="600" height="573" /> الجزء 1 : تحديد الأجنة <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> لأداء كامل المناعية جبل على الاجنة فرخ ، أولا فتح بيضة من خلال الاستفادة من قذيفة بالملقط وإزالة قطعة من قذيفة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة ألبومين سميك بالملقط ، والميل كيس المح مع ملقط الخشنة بحيث الجنين يواجه صعودا. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> باستخدام مقص غرامة ، وقطع مربعة من الكيس المحي حول الجنين. إزالة الجنين من صفار البيض مع ملعقة ، والمكان في صحن يحتوي على برنامج تلفزيوني. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تشريح تحت المجهر ، وإزالة بعناية الأغشية وصفار البيض ونقل الجنين الى طبق الطازجة التي تحتوي على برنامج تلفزيوني. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> دبوس الجنين إلى أسفل مع ملقط ودبابيس الحشرات ، ونضح في برنامج تلفزيوني. استبدال هذا PFA مع 4 ٪ في برنامج تلفزيوني ، وتسمح للجنين لإصلاح 1H في RT. </li></ol> الجزء 2 : التحضير للأجنة خطوة الأضداد <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> لتقليل احتمال التلوث الميكروبي ، واستخدام DDH 2 O في جميع الخطوات التالية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد إصلاح الجنين ، نضح الحل تثبيتي ، والتصرف بشكل صحيح مع النفايات الكيميائية. ملء الطبق مع برنامج تلفزيوني. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> المقبل ، وذلك باستخدام سكين microdissection ، قطع مربعة حول الجنين لإزالة الأغشية خارج الجنين. إزالة المسامير الحشرة بالملقط. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد إزالة المسامير ، واستخدام كليلة نهاية ماصة باستور لنقل الجنين الى قارورة تحتوي على التلألؤ مع PBT (PBS الرقم الهيدروجيني 7.4 ، و 0.5 ٪ X تريتون). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> غسل الجنين مع PBT ، 3 مرات لمدة 10 دقيقة لكل منهما. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة PBT من القارورة التلألؤ ، واستبدالها مع PBTx تحتوي على 0.3 ٪ H 2 O 2 من أجل تعطيل إمكانات البيروكسيداز الذاتية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> احتضان لمدة 2 ساعة على RT على nutator. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> غسل الجنين مع PBT ، 3 مرات لمدة 10 دقيقة لكل منهما ، ثم 3 مرات لمدة 30 دقيقة لكل منهما. </li></ol> الجزء 3 : الحضانة جسم <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وصمة عار على الجنين مع الأضداد ، تبدأ من خلال غسل الجنين لمدة ساعة واحدة في المخزن حجب أو 1 ٪ BSA / خ ع 1 ٪ / PBT (نستخدم NGS لأن رفع الأجسام المضادة الثانوية في الماعز). على احتضان nutator لمدة ساعة في RT. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تمييع الضد الابتدائية في 01:01 العازلة حظر ، واحتضان الجنين في هذا الحل لمدة 2 يوما في 4 درجات مئوية على nutator. عامل أساسي تخفيف الضد يعتمد على اختيار الأضداد الابتدائي. هنا ، علينا استخدام الضد من البنك التنموي الدراسات ورم هجين ، وهو على النحو المنصوص عليه supernatent. نحن تمييع ذلك في عرقلة 01:01 العازلة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> المقبل ، تنفيذ 3 10 دقيقة يغسل في PBT ، تليها يغسل 1 ساعة 3 في PBT. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد الغسيل ، وتمييع 1:2500 الضد الثانوية في حجب العازلة (في هذه الحالة ، مترافق البيروكسيداز الماعز المضادة للمفتش الماوس (H + L) ، واحتضان الجنين في هذا الحل O / N عند 4 درجات مئوية على nutator. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تنفيذ 3 10 دقيقة يغسل في PBT ، تليها يغسل 1 ساعة 3 في PBT. </li></ol> الجزء 3 : رد فعل اللون <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> لتطوير تفاعل لون الجنين الملون ، نفذ أول 2 20 دقيقة يغسل العازلة في تريس (تريس 100mM حمض الهيدروكلوريك ، ودرجة الحموضة 7.4). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وفي الوقت نفسه بحل DAB الركيزة (3،3 &#39;- diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride) في تريس العازلة في 500μg/ml تحت غطاء الدخان ؛ ابقاء الحل في الظلام ، وعلى الثلج. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة مشاركة غسل تريس العازلة من الجنين قارورة تحتوي على واستبدالها مع الحل DAB 5ml من الخطوة 3.2. نضع في الظلام لمدة 20 يوم nutator مليون سهم. التخلص من غيض إيبندورف في دلو يحتوي على محلول التبييض 10 ٪ من أجل تطهير DAB. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وفي الوقت نفسه يعد مخزونا 0.3 ٪ H 2 O 2 درهم في 2 O على الجليد. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إضافة 50μl الأسهم H 2 O 2 إلى قارورة تحتوي على الأجنة في DAB. نضع في الظلام. بعد 1-2 دقائق ، ورصد ردود الفعل تحت المجهر. </li></ol> الجزء 4 : معالجة الأجنة والأنسجة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> رد الفعل عند اكتمال اللون ، والتخلص من DAB في دلو التبييض. استبدال مع 5 مل من ماء الصنبور. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تنفيذ 2 10 دقيقة يغسل في برنامج تلفزيوني. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> لعملية التصوير وsectioning الشمع ، يذوى في سلسلة من الايثانول (25 ٪ ، 50 ٪ ، 75 ٪ و 100 ٪) لمدة 10 دقيقة لكل منهما. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> محل الايثانول مع 0،5-1 مل زيت خشب الأرز (وهذا سيجعل شفافة الجنين). عملية التصوير في زيت خشب الأرز. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد التصوير ، والعودة إلى جنين واستبدال قنينة زيت خشب الأرز مع الإيثانول بنسبة 100 ٪. كرر الخطوة الايثانول. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استبدال هthanol مع 5 ٪ FCF الأخضر السريع في الإيثانول بنسبة 100 ٪ ، واحتضان لمدة 3 دقائق (هذه الخطوة سوف تجعل مرئيا لأجنة الأنسجة). استبدال حل سريع FCF الأخضر مع الإيثانول بنسبة 100 ٪ وعملية لعلم الأنسجة. </li></ol> ممثل النتائج : <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/956_2009_1_26_2/figure2.png" alt="الشكل 2" width="600" height="498" /> في الأمثلة الموضحة أدناه ، يتم تشريح الأجنة في المراحل سمو 10 (أ) و 12 (ب) و 11 (C) ؛ الأجنة إظهار التعبير عن PAX 7 في crestas العصبية الناشئة وكذلك في somites والأنبوب العصبي (A ، B) ؛ في (C) ، هو المسمى notochord مع 15.3B9 (غير - 1) (الأجسام المضادة التي يقدمها البنك التنموي الدراسات ورم هجين).

<ol>
	<li>Yamada, T., Placzek, M., Tanaka, H., Dodd, J., Jessell, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+cell+pattern+in+the+developing+nervous+system:+Polarizing+activity+of+the+floor+plate+and+notochord.">Control of cell pattern in the developing nervous system: Polarizing activity of the floor plate and notochord.</a> Cell. 64, 635-647 (1991).</li><li>Streit, A., Stern, C. D., Thery, C., Ireland, G. W., Aparicio, S., Sharpe, M. J., Gherardi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+HGF/SF+in+neural+induction+and+its+expression+in+Hensen's+node+during+gastrulation.">A role for HGF/SF in neural induction and its expression in Hensen's node during gastrulation.</a> Development. 121, 813-824 (1995).</li><li>Basch, M., Bronner-Fraser, M., Garcia-Castro, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specification+of+neural+crest+occurs+during+gastrulation+and+requires+Pax7.">Specification of neural crest occurs during gastrulation and requires Pax7.</a> Nature. 441, 218-222 (2006).</li><li>Psychoyos, D., Stern, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restoration+of+the+organizer+after+radical+ablation+of+Hensen's+node+and+the+anterior+primitive+streak+in+the+chick+embryo.">Restoration of the organizer after radical ablation of Hensen's node and the anterior primitive streak in the chick embryo.</a> Development. 122, 3263-3273 (1996).</li></ol>

هذا الفيديو يوضح الخطوات المختلفة في أداء كامل للأجسام المضادة في جبل تلطيخ افراخ الدجاج الشباب. ويستخدم هذا البروتوكول أساسا لتوصيف المكاني والزماني للرواية في الأضداد 2،3 الفرخ ، فضلا عن استخدام علامات مستضدي المعروفة لتحديد التشوهات الجنينية التالية اهانة...

<table><tbody><tr><td>Eggs</td><td></td><td>Charles River Laboratories</td><td>Premium Fertile</td><td>Fertilized, HH4 (16 hr)</td></tr><tr><td>Stereomicroscope</td><td>Microscope</td><td>Leica Microsystems</td><td>MZ9.5 or similar</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Marsh Automatic Incubator</td><td>Other</td><td>Lyon</td><td>RX</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curved Forceps (1)</td><td>Tool</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>72991-4C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forceps (2)</td><td>Tool</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11002-13</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine scissors</td><td>Tool</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14161-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Plastic dishes</td><td>Tool</td><td>Falcon BD</td><td>353001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rubber Bulb</td><td>Tool</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>70980</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pasteur Capillary Pipette</td><td>Tool</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>70950-12</td><td>round edge under flame</td></tr><tr><td>Microdissecting knife</td><td>Tool</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>10056-12</td><td>Use to cut embryo from surrounding membranes following fixation</td></tr><tr><td>Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Curing Agent and Base</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td>0001986475</td><td>Mix 1 part Curing Agent, 9 parts Base; set O/N at 37C</td></tr><tr><td>16% PFA</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>15710</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30% H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>H1009</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A3803</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NGS</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td><td>005-000-121</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Primary Antibodies</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td><td>4G11, 15.3B9, PAX7</td><td>For these antibodies, investgators used mouse donnors</td></tr><tr><td>Peroxidase conjugated-Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) </td><td>Reagent</td><td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td><td>115-035-003</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3,3&amp;rsquo;-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Pierce, Thermo Scientific</td><td>34001</td><td>Store at -20; Allow bottle to warm to RT before use.</td></tr><tr><td>Cedar wood oil</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>W522503</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fast green FCF</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F7252</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Minuten pins 0.2mm diam</td><td></td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>26002-20</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

method for whole mount antibody staining in chick

الجنين الفرخ هو أداة قيمة في دراسة التطور الجنيني المبكر. شفافيته ، وسهولة الوصول وسهولة التلاعب ، وجعلها أداة مثالية لدراسة التعبير الأضداد في تطوير الدماغ ، والأنبوب العصبي والجسيدة. هذا الفيديو يوضح الخطوات المختلفة في تلطيخ الأضداد كلها يشن باستخدام الأجسام المضادة الثانوية HRP مترافق ؛ أولا ، يتم تشريح الجنين من بويضة والثابتة في بارافورمالدهيد. الثاني ، هو البيروكسيداز الذاتية المعطل ، ثم يتعرض الجنين إلى جسم الابتدائي. يغسل بعد عدة ، وحضنت الجنين مع الأجسام المضادة الثانوية مترافق لHRP. وكشف النشاط البيروكسيداز باستخدام التفاعل مع الركيزة diaminobenzidine. أخيرا ، يتم إصلاح الجنين ومعالجتها للتصوير الفوتوغرافي وsectioning. ميزة هذه الطريقة على استخدام الاجسام المضادة فلوري هو أنه يمكن معالجة الأجنة لsectioning الشمع ، مما يتيح للدراسة المواقع مستضد في المقطع العرضي. وقدم أصلا من قبل هذا الأسلوب دود جين وتوم Jessell<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt;.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Method for Whole Mount Antibody Staining in Chick at JoVE.com

Method for Whole Mount Antibody Staining in Chick

هذا الفيديو يوضح كل جبل المناعية ، وهي الطريقة التي نمط التعبير المكاني والزماني للمستضد يمكن تصور افراخ الدجاج في الشباب. وقدم أصلا من قبل هذه الطريقة ودود جين Jessell توم.

طريقة لتلطيخ جسم الجامع في جبل الفرخ

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ...

method-for-whole-mount-antibody-staining-in-chick

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

15.7K Views.  Texas A&M University (TAMU). هذا الفيديو يوضح كل جبل المناعية ، وهي الطريقة التي نمط التعبير المكاني والزماني للمستضد يمكن تصور افراخ الدجاج في الشباب. وقدم أصلا من قبل هذه الطريقة ودود جين Jessell توم.

Video: Method for Whole Mount Antibody Staining in Chick

Immunostaining Phospho-epitopes in Ciliated Organs of Whole Mount Zebrafish Embryos

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development of all vertebrates. The kinetics and location of signals - even within single cells - in the developing embryo complements the identification of important developmental genes. Immunostaining techniques are described that have been shown to define the kinetics of intracellular and whole animal signals in structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing, imaging and processing images using a laser-scanning confocal compound microscope can be completed in as few as 36 hr.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a desirable organism for investigators who seek to conduct studies in a vertebrate species that is affordable and relevant to human disease. Genetic knockouts or knockdowns must be confirmed by the loss of the actual protein product. Such confirmation of protein loss can be achieved using the techniques described here. Clues into signaling pathways can also be deciphered by using antibodies that are reactive with proteins that have been post-translationally modified by phosphorylation. Preserving and optimizing the phosphorylated state of an epitope is therefore critical to this determination and is accomplished by this protocol.
This study describes techniques to fix embryos during the first 72 hr of development and co-localize a variety of relevant epitopes with cilia in the Kupffer&#39;s Vesicle (KV), the kidney and the inner ear. These techniques are straightforward, do not require dissection and can be completed in a relatively short period of time. Projecting confocal image stacks into a single image is a useful means of presenting these data.

Techniques are described to immunostain phospho-epitopes in whole zebrafish embryos and then conduct two-color fluorescent confocal localization in cellular structures as small as primary cilia. The techniques for fixing and imaging can define the location and kinetics of the appearance or activation of specific proteins.

المناعية الفوسفات-الحواتم في مهدبة هيئات الجامع جبل الزرد الأجنة

The rapid proliferation of cells, the tissue-specific expression of genes and the emergence of signaling networks characterize early embryonic development ...

Chemistry

Organ Culture and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence Staining of Mouse Wolffian Ducts

Tubal morphogenesis is a fundamental requirement for the development of most mammalian organs, including the male reproductive system. The epididymis, an integral part of the male reproductive tract, is responsible for sperm storage, maturation, and transport. The adult epididymis is a highly coiled tube that develops from a simple and straight embryonic precursor known as Wolffian duct (WD). Proper coiling of the epididymis is essential for male fertility, as sperm in the testis are unable to fertilize an oocyte. However, the mechanism responsible for epididymal development and coiling remains unclear, partially due to the lack of whole organ culture and imaging methods. In this study, we describe an in vitro culture system and whole mount immunofluorescence protocol to better visualize the process of WD coiling and development, which may also be applied to study other tubular organs.

We present a method for isolation and culture of the mouse Wolffian duct (WD). We also demonstrate a detailed procedure for whole mount immunostaining of cultured/freshly isolated WDs with fluorescently tagged antibodies. Together, these techniques enable the study of WD development, coiling, and differentiation.

هيئة الثقافة والجامع جبل المناعي تلون ماوس وولف القنوات

Tubal morphogenesis is a fundamental requirement for the development of most mammalian organs, including the male reproductive system. The epididymis, an ...

Developmental Biology

Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ideal tool for studying  gene expression in brain, neural tube, somite and heart primordia formation. This video demonstrates the different steps in 2-color whole mount in situ hybridization; First, the embryo is dissected from the egg and fixed in paraformaldehyde. Second, the embryo is processed for prehybridization. The embryo is then hybridized with two different probes, one coupled to DIG, and one coupled to FITC.  Following overnight hybridization, the embryo is incubated with DIG coupled antibody. Color reaction for DIG substrate is performed, and the region of interest appears blue. The embryo is then incubated with FITC coupled antibody. The embryo is processed for color reaction with FITC, and the region of interest appears red. Finally, the embryo is fixed and processed for phtograph and sectioning. A troubleshooting guide is also presented.

This video demonstrates 2-color whole mount in situ hybridization, a method by which the spatial and temporal expression pattern of 2 different genes can be visualized in young chick embryos. This method was originally introduced by David Wilkinson, Domingos Henrique, Phil Ingham and David Ish -Horowicz.

الجامعة جبل مزدوجة في الموقع التهجين لافراخ الدجاج في وقت مبكر

Whole Mount Immunofluorescent Staining of the Neonatal Mouse Retina to Investigate Angiogenesis In vivo

Angiogenesis is the complex process of new blood vessel formation defined by the sprouting of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vessel network. Angiogenesis plays a key role not only in normal development of organs and tissues, but also in many diseases in which blood vessel formation is dysregulated, such as cancer, blindness and ischemic diseases. In adult life, blood vessels are generally quiescent so angiogenesis is an important target for novel drug development to try and regulate new vessel formation specifically in disease. In order to better understand angiogenesis and to develop appropriate strategies to regulate it, models are required that accurately reflect the different biological steps that are involved. The mouse neonatal retina provides an excellent model of angiogenesis because arteries, veins and capillaries develop to form a vascular plexus during the first week after birth. This model also has the advantage of having a two-dimensional (2D) structure making analysis straightforward compared with the complex 3D anatomy of other vascular networks. By analyzing the retinal vascular plexus at different times after birth, it is possible to observe the various stages of angiogenesis under the microscope. This article demonstrates a straightforward procedure for analyzing the vasculature of a mouse retina using fluorescent staining with isolectin and vascular specific antibodies.

Whole Mount Immunofluorescent Staining of the Neonatal Mouse Retina to Investigate Angiogenesis In vivo

The neonatal murine retina provides a well characterized physiological model of angiogenesis, which permits investigations of the roles of different genes or drugs that modulate angiogenesis in an in vivo context. Immunofluorescent staining to accurately visualize the vascular plexus is pivotal to the success of these types of studies.

كله جبل تلوين مناعي للشبكية الفأر حديثي الولادة المعنية بالتحقيق في الأوعية الدموية<em&gt; في الجسم الحي</em

Angiogenesis  is the complex process of new blood vessel formation defined by the sprouting  of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vessel network. ...

Neuroscience

Whole Mount Immunohistochemistry in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae

Immunohistochemistry is a widely used technique to explore protein expression and localization during both normal developmental and disease states. Although many immunohistochemistry protocols have been optimized for mammalian tissue and tissue sections, these protocols often require modification and optimization for non-mammalian model organisms. Zebrafish are increasingly used as a model system in basic, biomedical, and translational research to investigate the molecular, genetic, and cell biological mechanisms of developmental processes. Zebrafish offer many advantages as a model system but also require modified techniques for optimal protein detection. Here, we provide our protocol for whole-mount fluorescence immunohistochemistry in zebrafish embryos and larvae. This protocol additionally describes several different mounting strategies that can be employed and an overview of the advantages and disadvantages each strategy provides. We also describe modifications to this protocol to allow detection of chromogenic substrates in whole mount tissue and fluorescence detection in sectioned larval tissue. This protocol is broadly applicable to the study of many developmental stages and embryonic structures.

Here, we present a protocol for fluorescent antibody-mediated detection of proteins in whole preparations of zebrafish embryos and larvae.

كامل جبل المناعة الكيمياء في الأجنة حمار وحشي واليرقات

Immunohistochemistry is a widely used technique to explore protein expression and localization during both normal developmental and disease states. ...

A Label-free Xenograft Model for Investigating the Behavior of Human Stem Cell Spheroids in Chick Embryos

Xenografts are valuable methods to investigate the behavior of human cells in vivo. In particular, the embryonic environment provides cues for cell migration, differentiation, and morphogenesis, with unique instructive signals and germ layer identity that are often absent from adult xenograft models. In addition, embryonic models cannot discriminate self versus non-self tissues, eliminating the risk of rejection of the graft and the need for immune suppression of the host. This paper presents a methodology for transplantation of spheroids of human cells into chicken embryos, which are accessible, amenable to manipulation, and develop at 37 &#176;C. 
Spheroids allow the selection of a specific region of the embryo for transplantation. After being grafted, the cells become integrated into the host tissue, allowing the follow-up of their migration, growth, and differentiation. This model is flexible enough to allow the utilization of different adherent populations, including heterogeneous primary cell populations and cancer cells. To circumvent the need for prior cell labeling, a protocol for the identification of donor cells through hybridization of human-specific Alu probes is also described, which is particularly important when investigating heterogeneous cell populations. Furthermore, DNA probes can be easily adapted to identify other donor species. This protocol will describe the general methods for preparing spheroids, grafting into chicken embryos, fixing and processing tissue for paraffin sectioning, and finally identifying the human cells using DNA in situ hybridization. Suggested controls, examples of interpretation of results and various cell behaviors that can be assayed will be discussed in addition to the limitations of this method.

Here, we describe a method to transplant and identify human cell spheroids into chick embryos. This xenograft model uses the embryonic microenvironment as a source of instructive signals to assay cell migration, differentiation, and tropism and is especially suited for the study of primary and/or heterogeneous cell populations.

Xenografts are valuable methods to investigate the behavior of human cells in vivo. In particular, the embryonic environment provides cues for cell ...

Chick Heart Invasion Assay for Testing the Invasiveness of Cancer Cells and the Activity of Potentially Anti-invasive Compounds

The goal of the chick heart assay is to offer a relevant organ culture method to study tumor invasion in three dimensions. The assay can distinguish between invasive and non-invasive cells, and enables study of the effects of test compounds on tumor invasion. Cancer cells - either as aggregates or single cells - are confronted with fragments of embryonic chick heart. After organ culture in suspension for a few days or weeks the confronting cultures are fixed and embedded in paraffin for histological analysis. The three-dimensional interaction between the cancer cells and the normal tissue is then reconstructed from serial sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or after immunohistochemical staining for epitopes in the heart tissue or the confronting cancer cells. The assay is consistent with the recent concept that cancer invasion is the result of molecular interactions between the cancer cells and their neighbouring stromal host elements (myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix components, etc.). Here, this stromal environment is offered to the cancer cells as a living tissue fragment. Supporting aspects to the relevance of the assay are multiple. Invasion in the assay is in accordance with the criteria of cancer invasion: progressive occupation and replacement in time and space of the host tissue, and invasiveness and non-invasiveness in vivo of the confronting cells generally correlates with the outcome of the assay. Furthermore, the invasion pattern of cells in vivo, as defined by pathologists, is reflected in the histological images in the assay. Quantitative structure-activity relation (QSAR) analysis of the results obtained with numerous potentially anti-invasive organic congener compounds allowed the study of structure-activity relations for flavonoids and chalcones, and known anti-metastatic drugs used in the clinic (e.g., microtubule inhibitors) inhibit invasion in the assay as well. However, the assay does not take into account immunological contributions to cancer invasion.

Here, we present a protocol to study the invasion of tumor cells into living normal tissue fragments in three dimensions. This organ culture technique is mainly applied to test potentially anti-invasive drugs in vitro.

فرخ القلب الغزو الفحص لاختبار الغازية من خلايا سرطان وآخر للمركبات يحتمل مكافحة الغازية

The goal of the chick heart assay is to offer a relevant organ culture method to study tumor invasion in three dimensions. The assay can distinguish ...

Medicine

Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus

This work describes the whole-mount immunohistochemistry staining method in detail, using neurofilament protein antibody to label the innervation of the biliary tract in Suncus murinus (S. murinus&#160;). First, the specimen was dissected from S. murinus and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Second, an enzymatic treatment and potential endogenous peroxidase inactivation were performed. The specimen was then exposed to the primary antibody, anti-neurofilament protein antibody, for 3-6 days. It was then incubated with the secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The color reaction was revealed by reacting the specimen with a 3,3&#39;-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate. This method can be applied to analyze the innervation of all visceral organs. Furthermore, this protocol can also be adapted to test other neuronal antibodies, but optimization of the antibodies should be done first. This method was originally introduced by Kuratani and Tanaka1,2,3.

Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus

A whole-mount immunohistochemical approach, to visualize neurofilament protein expression in the extrahepatic biliary tract in Suncus murinus. is presented here. This protocol can be used to analyze the innervation of all visceral organs in S. murinus or other species.

باستخدام كامل-- جبل المناعية طريقة لدراسة التعصيب من القناة الصفراوية في<em&gt; سونكوس مورينوس</em

This work describes the whole-mount immunohistochemistry staining method in detail, using neurofilament protein antibody to label the innervation of the ...

Immunohistochemical Staining: A Method for Obtaining Spatial Information from Thin Tissue Sections

Source: Baharom F. et al., <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/55222/human-lung-dendritic-cells-spatial-distribution-phenotypic">Human Lung Dendritic Cells: Spatial Distribution and Phenotypic Identification in Endobronchial Biopsies Using Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video describes the immunohistochemical staining technique to identify dendritic cells from endobronchial biopsies.

التلوين الكيميائي المناعي: طريقة للحصول على المعلومات المكانية من أقسام الأنسجة الرقيقة

Source: Baharom F. et al., Human Lung Dendritic Cells: Spatial Distribution and Phenotypic Identification in Endobronchial Biopsies Using ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Cancer Research

Lung Cancer

Ex vivo study

An Immunolabeling Technique to Visualize the Subcellular Localization of Proteins

Source: Aishwarya, R., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/64085">Visualizing Subcellular Localization of a Protein in the Heart Using Quantum Dots-Mediated Immuno-Labeling Followed by Transmission Electron Microscopy.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2022).
This video demonstrates a technique for the immunolabeling of sigma-1 receptors in a murine heart tissue section using quantum dots. The heart tissue is fixed, osmicated, stained, dehydrated, embedded in resin, and then sectioned. The sections are then treated with antibodies and labeled with quantum dots to demarcate the subcellular localization of Sigma-1 receptors using electron microscopy.

تقنية وضع العلامات المناعية لتصور التوطين الخلوي للبروتينات

1. Animal preparation

	Anesthetize the mice using 3% isoflurane. Open the chest by making a horizontal incision in the region above the middle abdomen ...

طريقة لتلطيخ جسم الجامع في جبل الفرخ

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