Systematic risk is fundamental to the market, reflecting the impact of economic, financial, and geopolitical factors. This risk affects the entire market, not just a particular stock or industry.

Here are the main types.

Market Risk refers to the risk when the entire stock market declines. Peter, invested in the stock market, saw a decline in his portfolio during the year twenty-twenty as global markets fell because of the pandemic.

Interest Rate Risk refers to changes in interest rates affecting investment values. Peter, holding long-term bonds, found their value decreased when interest rates increased.

Inflation Risk is the loss of purchasing power due to rising prices. Peter's deposits lost some value due to the time value of money during periods of high inflation.

Currency Risk occurs with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Peter, who invested in European stocks, faced losses when the Euro weakened against the Dollar.

Socio-political risk, part of geopolitical risk includes changes due to political instability or policies. For example, an increase in tax rates could negatively impact the stock market.

Understanding these systematic risks is essential for investors to prepare and protect their investments against broad market changes.