Chapter 1
Introduction to the Human Body
解剖学和生理学概述
Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Some of these structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with the ...
人体的结构组织:概述
It is convenient to consider the body's structures in terms of fundamental levels of organization that increase in complexity: subatomic particles, ...
生命的功能
Human life is characterized by a variety of functions that are essential for survival and well-being. These functions include metabolism, movement, ...
对人类生活的要求
The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a ...
什么是体内平衡？
Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, ...
负面反馈和正面反馈
Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples ...
稳态失衡
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, ...
解剖学术语
Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe ...
解剖位置
In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These ...
区域术语
Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. ...
方向性术语
Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of ...
Body Planes
Body planes in anatomy are imaginary flat surfaces used as reference points to divide the body into sections for anatomical study. These planes are ...
解剖学运动
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described ...
腹部区域和象限
To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians ...
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