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Chapter 1

Introduction to the Human Body

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Some of these structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with the ...
Structural Organization of the Human Body: An Overview
Structural Organization of the Human Body: An Overview
It is convenient to consider the body's structures in terms of fundamental levels of organization that increase in complexity: subatomic particles, ...
Functions of Life
Functions of Life
Human life is characterized by a variety of functions that are essential for survival and well-being. These functions include metabolism, movement, ...
Requirements for Human Life
Requirements for Human Life
The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a ...
What is Homeostasis?
What is Homeostasis?
Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, ...
Negative and Positive Feedback
Negative and Positive Feedback
Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples ...
Homeostatic Imbalance
Homeostatic Imbalance
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, ...
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Terminology
Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe ...
Anatomical Positions
Anatomical Positions
In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These ...
Regional Terms
Regional Terms
Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. ...
Directional Terms
Directional Terms
Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of ...
Body Planes
Body Planes
Body planes in anatomy are imaginary flat surfaces used as reference points to divide the body into sections for anatomical study. These planes are ...
Anatomical Movements
Anatomical Movements
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described ...
Abdominal Regions and Quadrants
Abdominal Regions and Quadrants
To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians ...
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