Chapter 8
DNA Replication and Repair
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碱基配对和 DNA 修复
Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a ...
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DNA 复制叉
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped ...
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滞后链合成
During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. ...
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复制体
DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this ...
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校对
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template ...
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原核生物中的复制
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the ...
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真核生物中的复制
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before ...
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端粒和端粒酶
In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of ...
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DNA 修复概述
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a ...
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基底切除修复
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and ...
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核苷酸切除修复
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV ...
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错配修复
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the ...
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修复双股断裂
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the ...
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同源重组
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of ...
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基因转换
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the ...
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DNA 损伤会阻碍细胞周期
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages ...
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重新启动已停止的复制分叉
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the ...
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