JoVE Science Education > DNA Replication and Repair

Chapter 8

DNA Replication and Repair

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Accoppiamento di basi e riparazione del DNA

Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a ...

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La forcella di replicazione del DNA

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped ...

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Sintesi di filamenti in ritardo

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. ...

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Il Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this ...

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Correzione di bozze

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template ...

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Replicazione nei procarioti

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the ...

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Replicazione negli eucarioti

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before ...

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Telomeri e Telomerasi

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of ...

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Panoramica sulla riparazione del DNA

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a ...

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Riparazione per escissione di base

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and ...

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Riparazione per escissione nucleotidica

DNA Distortion and Damage Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV ...

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Riparazione mancata corrispondenza

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the ...

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Riparazione di rotture a doppio filo

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the ...

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Ricombinazione omologa

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of ...

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Conversione genica

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the ...

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Il danno al DNA può bloccare il ciclo cellulare

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages ...

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Riavvio dei fork di replica bloccati

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the ...