Chapter 3
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
肺炎 I:简介
Pneumonia is a lung parenchymal infection that affects one or both lungs.
Risk factors for pneumonia include air pollution, smoking, corticosteroid and ...
肺炎 II:病理生理学
Pneumonia follows a sequence of pathophysiological changes.
The process begins when pathogens enter the respiratory tract through various means, such as ...
肺炎 III:并发症和评估
Pneumonia can lead to complications like hypotension, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, and respiratory failure, especially without timely ...
肺炎 IV:管理
Effective pneumonia management includes the following:
Pharmacological treatment for pneumonia involves oral or intravenous antibiotics for bacterial ...
肺炎 V:护理管理和预防
Nursing management of a patient with pneumonia includes the following interventions.
Nurses must adhere to medical asepsis and infection control ...
肺结核 I
Tuberculosis or TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affecting the lung parenchyma.
It can also affect other body ...
肺结核 II 型
The pathophysiology of tuberculosis begins when a susceptible host inhales aerosolized droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The droplets reach ...
肺结核 III
Tuberculosis can be classified into the following six categories based on disease progression:
Class zero indicates no known tuberculosis exposure with a ...
肺结核 IV
Diagnosing tuberculosis involves a series of tests.
The initial method is the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, which entails injecting a small amount of ...
肺结核 V
Collaborative care for pulmonary tuberculosis involves a prolonged medication course tailored to drug-susceptible or drug-resistant tuberculosis.
...
急性呼吸衰竭 I
Acute respiratory failure develops when the respiratory system fails to meet the body's oxygenation, ventilation, or metabolic requirements.
It can ...
急性呼吸衰竭 II
Type 1 hypoxemic respiratory failure occurs due to an inadequate oxygen supply, characterized by a partial pressure of oxygen below 60 milliliters of ...
急性呼吸衰竭 III
Type 2 or hypercapnic respiratory failure occurs due to increased carbon dioxide production or decreased alveolar ventilation.
It is characterized by ...
急性呼吸衰竭 IV
Clinical manifestations of acute respiratory failure include the following:
Initial manifestations like restlessness and confusion indicate inadequate ...
急性呼吸衰竭 - V
Managing acute respiratory failure necessitates a collaborative approach.
Respiratory therapy aims to optimize oxygenation and ventilation while ...
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