Chapter 3
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is a lung parenchymal infection that affects one or both lungs.
Risk factors for pneumonia include air pollution, smoking, corticosteroid and ...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
Pneumonia follows a sequence of pathophysiological changes.
The process begins when pathogens enter the respiratory tract through various means, such as ...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia can lead to complications like hypotension, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, and respiratory failure, especially without timely ...
Pneumonia IV: Management
Effective pneumonia management includes the following:
Pharmacological treatment for pneumonia involves oral or intravenous antibiotics for bacterial ...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of a patient with pneumonia includes the following interventions.
Nurses must adhere to medical asepsis and infection control ...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis or TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affecting the lung parenchyma.
It can also affect other body ...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
The pathophysiology of tuberculosis begins when a susceptible host inhales aerosolized droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The droplets reach ...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis can be classified into the following six categories based on disease progression:
Class zero indicates no known tuberculosis exposure with a ...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Diagnosing tuberculosis involves a series of tests.
The initial method is the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, which entails injecting a small amount of ...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Collaborative care for pulmonary tuberculosis involves a prolonged medication course tailored to drug-susceptible or drug-resistant tuberculosis.
...
Acute Respiratory Failure-I
Acute respiratory failure develops when the respiratory system fails to meet the body's oxygenation, ventilation, or metabolic requirements.
It can ...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II
Type 1 hypoxemic respiratory failure occurs due to an inadequate oxygen supply, characterized by a partial pressure of oxygen below 60 milliliters of ...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III
Type 2 or hypercapnic respiratory failure occurs due to increased carbon dioxide production or decreased alveolar ventilation.
It is characterized by ...
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV
Clinical manifestations of acute respiratory failure include the following:
Initial manifestations like restlessness and confusion indicate inadequate ...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V
Managing acute respiratory failure necessitates a collaborative approach.
Respiratory therapy aims to optimize oxygenation and ventilation while ...
Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved