Chapter 3
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Neumonía I: Introducción
Pneumonia is a lung parenchymal infection that affects one or both lungs.
Risk factors for pneumonia include air pollution, smoking, corticosteroid and ...
Neumonía II: Fisiopatología
Pneumonia follows a sequence of pathophysiological changes.
The process begins when pathogens enter the respiratory tract through various means, such as ...
Neumonía III: Complicaciones y evaluación
Pneumonia can lead to complications like hypotension, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, and respiratory failure, especially without timely ...
Neumonía IV: Manejo
Effective pneumonia management includes the following:
Pharmacological treatment for pneumonia involves oral or intravenous antibiotics for bacterial ...
Neumonía V: Manejo de Enfermería y Prevención
Nursing management of a patient with pneumonia includes the following interventions.
Nurses must adhere to medical asepsis and infection control ...
Tuberculosis Pulmonar I
Tuberculosis or TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affecting the lung parenchyma.
It can also affect other body ...
Tuberculosis Pulmonar II
The pathophysiology of tuberculosis begins when a susceptible host inhales aerosolized droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The droplets reach ...
Tuberculosis pulmonar III
Tuberculosis can be classified into the following six categories based on disease progression:
Class zero indicates no known tuberculosis exposure with a ...
Tuberculosis pulmonar IV
Diagnosing tuberculosis involves a series of tests.
The initial method is the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, which entails injecting a small amount of ...
Tuberculosis pulmonar V
Collaborative care for pulmonary tuberculosis involves a prolonged medication course tailored to drug-susceptible or drug-resistant tuberculosis.
...
Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda-I
Acute respiratory failure develops when the respiratory system fails to meet the body's oxygenation, ventilation, or metabolic requirements.
It can ...
Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda-II
Type 1 hypoxemic respiratory failure occurs due to an inadequate oxygen supply, characterized by a partial pressure of oxygen below 60 milliliters of ...
Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda-III
Type 2 or hypercapnic respiratory failure occurs due to increased carbon dioxide production or decreased alveolar ventilation.
It is characterized by ...
Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda-IV
Clinical manifestations of acute respiratory failure include the following:
Initial manifestations like restlessness and confusion indicate inadequate ...
Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda-V
Managing acute respiratory failure necessitates a collaborative approach.
Respiratory therapy aims to optimize oxygenation and ventilation while ...
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