16.2 : 抗焦虑药物：概述

Anxiolytic drugs effectively manage anxiety disorders by alleviating symptoms like excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors.

Anxiolytics encompass abenzodiazepines, buspirone, antidepressants, and β -blockers.

Benzodiazepine binds gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA receptors, enhancing GABA's interaction with its receptor. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic circuitry in the brain.

They have adverse effects, including sedation, impaired coordination, and a risk of dependence.

In contrast, buspirone has a great affinity for 5-HT_1A or serotonin receptors, promoting serotonergic neurotransmission to relieve anxiety. Notably, it causes less sedation and cognitive malfunction but may lead to headaches, dizziness, and nausea.

Antidepressant drugs include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or SNRIs. They elevate serotonin and norepinephrine levels, prolonging neurotransmission to mitigate anxiety.

β-blockers help reduce tremors and normalize the heart rate but can cause fatigue, dizziness, and hypotension.