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Method Article
本文介绍了通过插管直接施用博莱到小鼠气管一种快速,简便的方法。这种方法的主要优点是,它是高度可再现的,容易掌握,并且不需要专门的设备或冗长的恢复时间。
Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.
尽管某些解剖和生理差异,1鼠模型继续是无价建模人类生物学和疾病的发病机制。2从饲养的角度来看,小鼠是容易处理,具有低的繁殖时间,加速寿命,并且是相对便宜的去家。用不同遗传品系和策略(例如,条件敲奏,记者小鼠谱系追踪方法等),以及在宽范围内可用的试剂(例如,抗体,重组蛋白,抑制剂的开发,等),老鼠已经成为一个重要的脊椎动物模型生物体揭示人类的稳态和疾病过程。3
小鼠已经特别有价值用于研究肺部疾病,包括急性肺损伤(ALI)和肺纤维化。4 ALI在人类可以通过创伤,损伤或败血症引起,其特征是上皮和内皮泄漏(即,水肿),炎症,和新生的纤维化。在许多患者中,急性肺损伤前进到它的严重的形式,急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),这经常导致纤维化和死亡因呼吸衰竭。5,6-肺纤维化是一个渐进的,致命的病理学特征在于细胞外基质的过量沉积,最显着的I型胶原,导致肺功能受损。-7,8-管理博莱霉素(BLM)是最广泛使用和最佳表征模型实验动物诱导ALI和纤维化。9虽然博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化啮齿动物确实不概括完全人类纤维化表型,与该模型10小鼠研究已导致的影响的发生和疾病的进展许多重要因素的发现。11
虽然确切机制(S)的后面博莱霉素诱导的纤维化是未知的,则发起伤被认为是从在上皮细胞接触依赖性的DNA链断裂衬传导气道和肺泡,并且特别地,1型肺泡产生。12的必要性BLM和肺上皮之间的直接接触突出一个健壮的递送途径的重要性和这些问题也有密切关系广泛的治疗靶向远端气道,包括重组蛋白,抗体,siRNA的,病毒,细菌,微粒,等等。口咽抽吸(OPA)已被广泛地用于此目的13,但OPA的一个主要缺点是,递送剂的某些部分可以被吞咽到胃肠道,从而导致不精确的给药剂量。另一广泛使用的方法是经气管滴注,涉及强麻醉下气管到代理的气管和滴注暴露直接进入呼吸道。14然而,不仅可以这样一个过程是不希望的,由于它的invasivity,但它也是耗时的,需要的培训公平位,同时产生强效伤到呼吸道15,16若干协议已被开发涉及的试剂的直接施用进而不需要手术干预气管,引起强大麻醉药16,17,18,19,20-但这些方法包括延长的恢复时间,使用昂贵的设备(即,耳镜/喉镜,市售程序板,光纤线等),在口腔中的过量操纵,和不确定性有关的剂量。
本文描述的给药通过插管相对容易的方法,其允许研究者快速,廉价和可靠地灌输试剂进鼠肺与对周围组织的残余破坏的风险有限。
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机构的动物护理和使用委员会(IACUC)在华盛顿和雪松 - 西奈医学中心大学的必要批准这些研究动物的工作。
1.准备
2.插管
3.后护理程序
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如别处所述21插管小鼠每天监测体重减轻和窘迫,处死4,10或17天后通过2.5%2,2,2- 三溴腹腔注射。 支气管肺泡灌洗 (BAL)收集在PBS中洗涤三次和右肺固定在10%福尔马林,石蜡包埋,并用Masson三色由华盛顿组织学和成像核心22的大学染色。
在既定的数据一致,博莱霉素处理的小鼠经历7和10天暴露后<...
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在雾化是不切实际由于有限的试剂可用性,安全性或成本的情况下,直接气管施用是用于递送外源剂的进入肺部优良的方法16经气管滴注已被广泛用于完成此。然而,与所有的外科手术,它也与它携带用于引起该过程本身并发症的可能性,并且不一定剂被灌输。13 由于这些原因,已经变得越来越普遍,直接经由插管16,17,18,19,20-服用一种物质进入气管。然而,?...
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The authors have nothing to disclose.
作者感谢组织学的布赖恩·约翰逊和影像核心在华盛顿大学与三色染色和分析的帮助。这项工作是由美国国立卫生研究院资助HL098067和HL089455支持。
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Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Bleomycin For Injection, 30 units/vial | APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC | 103720 | For best results, BLM should be suspended in PBS, aliquoted, and stored as single use lyophilzed aliquots |
Blunt End Forceps | |||
Tongue Depressor (i.e. bent Valleylab Blade Electrode, 2.4") | Covidien | E1551G | Before use, create a 45 degree bend 1.5 cm from the blade tip. A suitable depressor can also be created from any metal implement of similar dimensions. |
Exel Safelet Catheter 22G X 1" | Exel International | 26746 | |
1 ml Slip-tip Disposable Tuberculin Syringe (200/sp, 1600/ca) | BD | 309659 | |
0.2 ml Pipettor and Filter Tips | |||
Fiber-Lite Illuminator. Model 181-1: Model 180 mated with Standard Dual Gooseneck illuminator | Dolan Jenner Industries, Inc. | 181-1 | Lower output LED illuminators are not recommended as they fail to suficiently illuminate the trachea. |
Intubation Board | See Diagram 1. | ||
Colored Label Tape: 0.5 in. Wide | Fisherbrand | 15-901-15A | |
Oxygen | |||
Phosphate-Buffered Saline, 1X | Corning | 21-040-CV | Product should be sterile |
Non-Sterile Silk Black Braided Suture Spool, 91.4 m, Size 4-0 | Harvard Apparatus | 517698 | |
Table Top Anesthesia Machine Isoflurane | Highland Medical Equipment | http://www.highlandmedical.net/ | |
Slide Top Induction Mouse Isoflurane Chamber | MIP / Anesthesia Technologies | AS-01-0530-SM | |
FORANE (isoflurane, USP) Liquid For Inhalation 100 mL | Baxter | 1001936040 | |
Nanozoomer Digital Pathology system | Hamamatsu | ||
IgM ELISA Quantification Kit | Bethyl Laboratories | E90-101 |
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