在写这篇稿子，我们要感谢的努力，玛丽娄医生，神经科学和生理学系，Vallano的宝贵意见。

1。大鼠SAH主题的手术治疗注射0.15毫升自体动脉血<ol><li>大鼠麻醉用0.1毫克/公斤的氯胺酮/甲苯​​噻嗪啮齿动物的鸡尾酒，坐5分钟。 </li><li>适当的麻醉也证实了减少后肢反射。 </li><li>使用电子剃须刀的脖子，以鼻子枕区的区周围的头发被剃光了。 </li><li>动物置于仰卧在手术台上和尾部被擦拭用优碘，以确保无菌切口。 </li><li>一条笔直的1厘米正中切口方面的尾部腹侧</li><li>延长至尾动脉解剖鉴定和分离。 </li><li>使用无菌的26号的导管，尾动脉插管和0.15毫升动脉血被撤回到一个注射器。 </li><li>的无菌纱布包裹切口周围，以确保密封切口vetbond应用前止血。 </li><li> Ţ他大鼠变成容易在桌子上和剃区域的子枕区与Betadine被擦拭。 </li><li>使用垂直正中切口连接获得枕大池。 </li><li>一旦确定了25号针插入到小脑延髓池和0.15毫升的CSF被撤回到一个注射器，以避免增加颅内压力与自体血液体积注射。 </li><li>现在，从尾动脉中提取的0.15毫升的血液缓慢注入枕大池。 </li><li>针留在的地方，持续30秒，以确保在蛛网膜下腔凝血，然后小心地撤回。 </li><li>止血确保使用缝合装置关闭切口。 </li><li>动物放在容易变暖的表面上20分钟，20°头向下的位置，让血液凝结水箱周围基底动脉。 </li><li>在第二次手​​术后48小时，除了重复步骤1.1至1.15。 </li&gt; </ol> 2。大鼠SAH主题的手术治疗注射0.15毫升生理盐水<ol><li>大鼠麻醉用0.1毫克/公斤的氯胺酮/甲苯​​噻嗪啮齿动物的鸡尾酒，坐5分钟。 </li><li>适当的麻醉也证实了减少后肢反射。 </li><li>使用电子剃须刀的脖子，以鼻子枕区的区周围的头发被剃光了。 </li><li>动物置于仰卧在手术台上和尾部被擦拭用优碘，以确保无菌切口。 </li><li>一条笔直的1厘米正中切口方面的尾部腹侧</li><li>延长至尾动脉解剖鉴定和分离。 </li><li>使用无菌的26号的导管，尾动脉插管和0.15毫升动脉血被撤回到一个注射器。 </li><li>的无菌纱布包裹切口周围，以确保密封切口vetbond应用前止血。 </li><li>在RAt是打开容易在桌子上和剃区域的子枕区涂上优碘。 </li><li>使用垂直正中切口连接获得枕大池。 </li><li>一旦确定了25号针插入到小脑延髓池和0.15毫升的CSF被撤回到一个注射器中，样品被存储。 </li><li>现在，0.15毫升的生理盐水（37°C）缓慢注入枕大池。 </li><li>针留在30秒的地方，并仔细撤回。 </li><li>止血确保使用缝合装置关闭切口。 </li><li>现在被置于该动物俯卧变暖的表面上20分钟与20°头向下的位置。 </li><li>在第二次手​​术后48小时，除了重复步骤2.1至2.15。 </li></ol> 3。大鼠牺牲<ol><li>第二次手术后第5天，将大鼠处死，通过心脏灌注。 </li><li>大鼠给予了致命剂量（0.2毫升/公斤）的致命加（VORTECH制药有限公司，迪尔伯恩，MI） </li><li>具有垂直的正中切口，腹腔是接近和打开腹膜。 </li><li>前开胸手术和心脏暴露。 </li><li>使用的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS pH 7.4和在37℃）的动物的血液排出，然后用4％多聚甲醛灌流，连接到26号的导管。 </li><li>确保足够的灌注后，被停止灌注，，和大鼠带过来的断头表。 </li><li>断头后，咬骨钳是用来去除去除对大脑的头盖骨。 </li><li>的脑和脑干仔细从颅腔萃取，并放入4％多聚甲醛溶液，并储存在4℃下48小时。 </li></ol> 4。创建节，以评估血管痉挛<ol><li>现在已经被淹没在4天的30％蔗糖的大鼠脑带到第Ë低温恒温器的切片。 </li><li>使用低温恒温器，小脑前下动脉（AICA）为出发点，以确保跨学科的一致性一旦cryoprotected，12μM部分。 </li><li> 20节创建的每一个动物，在小脑上动脉（SCA）结束。 </li><li>部分放置在载玻片上，并评估血管痉挛使用组织学方法</li></ol>

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M., Guarino, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+blood+flow+and+cerebral+perfusion+pressure+in+a+new+noncraniotomy+model+of+subarachnoid+hemorrhage+in+the+rat.">Cortical blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in a new noncraniotomy model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat.</a> Stroke. 26, 1086-1091 (1995).</li><li>Cheng, G., Wei, L., Zhi-Dan, S., Shi-Guang, Z., Xiang-Zhen, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atorvastatin+ameliorates+cerebral+vasospasm+and+early+brain+injury+after+subarachnoid+hemorrhage+and+inhibits+caspase-dependent+apoptosis+pathway.">Atorvastatin ameliorates cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage and inhibits caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway.</a> BMC Neurosci. 10, 7-17 (2009).</li><li>Jackowski, A., Crockard, A., Burnstock, G., Russell, R. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+subarachnoid+hemorrhage:+Cerebral+blood+flow+and+brain+metabolism+during+the+acute+phase+in+three+different+models+in+the+rat.">Experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: Cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism during the acute phase in three different models in the rat.</a> Neurosurgery. 54, 426-436 (2004).</li><li>Ryba, M. S., Gordon-Krajcer, W., Walski, M., Chalimoniuk, M., Chrapusta, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydroxylamine+attenuates+the+effects+of+simulated+subarachnoid+hemorrhage:+implication+for+the+role+of+oxidative+stress+in+cerebral+vasospasm.">Hydroxylamine attenuates the effects of simulated subarachnoid hemorrhage: implication for the role of oxidative stress in cerebral vasospasm.</a> Neurol. 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我们什么都没有透露有关这项研究。

灵长类动物，具有更相似的遗传组成和解剖特征的人，更紧密地模仿迟发性脑血管痉挛的事件，可以更容易地进行非侵入性成像（MRI和血管造影），以监测动脉的变化，比啮齿类动物8。然而，灵长类动物模型的成本过高，与更复杂的护理和道德问题，不是小动物模型。已开发的小动物SAH模型以前主要集中在诱导SAH的三种方法：1）血管内动脉的颅内动脉使血液进入蛛网膜下腔逃脱，周围动...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 设备/试剂名称 </td><td> 公司 </td><td> 目录编号 </td></tr><tr><td>雄性SD大鼠（250-300克） </td><td> Taconic公司</td><td> SD-M </td></tr><tr><td> 26 G导管</td><td>韦伯斯特</td><td> 8416683 </td></tr><tr><td> 25 G针</td><td>水牛</td><td> 305122 </td></tr><tr><td> 1毫升注射器</td><td>中央商场</td><td> 54245 </td></tr><tr><td>氯胺酮/甲苯​​噻嗪鸡尾酒</td><td>动物保健（SUNY） </td><td> - </td></tr><tr><td>聚维酮碘</td><td>中央商场</td><td> 51458 </td></tr><tr><td>蔗糖</td><td>西格玛</td><td> S9378-1KG </td></tr><tr><td>多聚甲醛</td><td>西格玛</td><td> P6148-500G </td></tr><tr><td>磷酸盐缓冲溶液</td><td>费舍尔</td><td> BP-399-4 </td></tr><tr><td>手术台</td><td>哈佛</td><td> PY2 72-2590 </td></tr><tr><td> OCT化合物（抗冻剂） </td><td> VWR </td><td> 25608-930 </td></tr><tr><td> Superfrost防脱载玻片</td><td>费舍尔</td><td> 12-550-15 </td></tr></tbody></table> *合成，美国纽约州立大学上州医科大学实验动物护理系。加入1毫升[100毫克/毫升]的甲苯噻嗪[100毫克/毫升]氯胺酮至10毫升。

a low mortality rat model to assess delayed cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

目的：描述并建立一个可重复的模型，演示了在大鼠动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后迟发性脑血管痉挛，以确定始发事件，病理生理变化和潜在的治疗目标。 方法：对28只雄性SD大鼠（250 - 300克）任意分配给其中的两个群体 - 蛛网膜下腔出血或生理盐水对照组。 SAH组（n = 15）的大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血引起的双注射自体血液，相隔48小时，枕大池。同样，生理盐水组（n = 13）被注入到小脑延髓池的盐水对照组。 5天处死大鼠后，第二次注血和被保存下来的大脑进行组织学分析。血管痉挛的程度，测定使用的基底动脉的部分，通过测量使用NIH图像J软件的内部管腔的横截面面积。的意义测试使用的杜克/克莱默的统计分析。 结果：组织切片分析后，基底动脉管腔截面积较生理盐水组在SAH，脑血管痉挛，前一组一致的。在SAH组，基底动脉的内部面积（0.056微米±3）从血管痉挛5天之后，第二次血液注射液（七天后的初始注血），较生理盐水对照组的内部区域（0.069 ±3，P = 0.004）。有没有脑血管痉挛死亡率。 结论：双SAH模型大鼠诱导温和的，生存能力，基底动脉血管痉挛，在小动物模型，可用于研究脑血管痉挛的病理生理机制。低和可接受的死亡率是一个重要的标准，需要满足的一个理想的SAH动物模型，使血管痉挛的机制可以elucidated 7，8。进一步修改的模型可以进行调整日益严重的血管痉挛和神经系统检查。

在上面描述的协议中，有以下几个步骤，我们相信需要比以前已在文献中描述的模型更好地表征。在这里，我们专注于以实现可重复的低死亡率脑血管痉挛的小动物模型，并避免潜在的缺陷与这种模式，如果没有正确的步骤是必不可少的。 1。自体尾动脉抽血： 精心安排的angiocatheter尾动脉模型中是必不可少的第一步。 图1显示了一个26号的大鼠...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage at JoVE.com

A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）出血，进入蛛网膜下腔动脉瘤破裂时发生的。虽然此事件的发病率和死亡率一直在下降，由于更好的治疗方法，血管痉挛的风险蛛网膜下腔出血后仍然是相同的，因为它是几年前的。建立一个全面的和可再生的动物模型来确定启动事件，脑血管痉挛的重要性一直是研究的重点，因为在第一次使用的一个实验性血管痉挛大鼠模型于1979年由巴里<em&gt;等。</em早期的工作表明，在大鼠急性单次注射自体血枕大池（几分钟内），但不迟发性脑血管痉挛<sup&gt; 3，6，14</sup&gt;。在这里，我们描述SAH大鼠模型死亡率低，可复制的延迟血管痉挛的结果。

死亡率低大鼠模型的实验性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑血管痉挛评估

Objective: To characterize and establish a reproducible model that demonstrates delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.2K 次观看.  SUNY Upstate Medical University. 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）出血，进入蛛网膜下腔动脉瘤破裂时发生的。虽然此事件的发病率和死亡率一直在下降，由于更好的治疗方法，血管痉挛的风险蛛网膜下腔出血后仍然是相同的，因为它是几年前的。建立一个全面的和可再生的动物模型来确定启动事件，脑血管痉挛的重要性一直是研究的重点，因为在第一次使用的一个实验性血管痉挛大鼠模型?...

视频: A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are very limited. To meet the need for novel therapeutic approaches, experimental stroke research frequently employs rodent models of focal cerebral ischaemia. Most researchers use permanent or transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mice or rats.
Proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via the intraluminal suture technique (so called filament or suture model) is probably the most frequently used model in experimental stroke research. The intraluminal MCAO model offers the advantage of inducing reproducible transient or permanent ischaemia of the MCA territory in a relatively non-invasive manner. Intraluminal approaches interrupt the blood flow of the entire territory of this artery. Filament occlusion thus arrests flow proximal to the lenticulo-striate arteries, which supply the basal ganglia. Filament occlusion of the MCA results in reproducible lesions in the cortex and striatum and can be either permanent or transient. In contrast, models inducing distal (to the branching of the lenticulo-striate arteries) MCA occlusion typically spare the striatum and primarily involve the neocortex. In addition these models do require craniectomy. In the model demonstrated in this article, a silicon coated filament is introduced into the common carotid artery and advanced along the internal carotid artery into the Circle of Willis, where it blocks the origin of the middle cerebral artery. In patients, occlusions of the middle cerebral artery are among the most common causes of ischaemic stroke. Since varying ischemic intervals can be chosen freely in this model depending on the time point of reperfusion, ischaemic lesions with varying degrees of severity can be produced. Reperfusion by removal of the occluding filament at least partially models the restoration of blood flow after spontaneous or therapeutic (tPA) lysis of a thromboembolic clot in humans.
In this video we will present the basic technique as well as the major pitfalls and confounders which may limit the predictive value of this model.

Filamentous occlusion of the Middle cerebral artery is a common model for studying ischemic stroke in mice.

建模在小鼠体内的行程 - 中东与灯丝模型大脑中动脉闭塞

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are ...

科研

医学

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

The number of patients with end-stage renal disease, and the number of kidney allograft recipients continuously increases. Episodes of acute cellular allograft rejection (AR) are a negative prognostic factor for long-term allograft survival, and its timely diagnosis is crucial for allograft function 1. At present, AR can only be definitely diagnosed by core-needle biopsy, which, as an invasive method, bares significant risk of graft injury or even loss. Moreover, biopsies are not feasible in patients taking anticoagulant drugs and the limited sampling site of this technique may result in false negative results if the AR is focal or patchy. As a consequence, this gave rise to an ongoing search for new AR detection methods, which often has to be done in animals including the use of various transplantation models.
Since the early 60s rat renal transplantation is a well-established experimental method for the examination and analysis of AR 2. We herein present in addition small animal positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to assess AR in an allogeneic uninephrectomized rat renal transplantation model and propose graft FDG-PET imaging as a new option for a non-invasive, specific and early diagnosis of AR also for the human situation 3. Further, this method can be applied for follow-up to improve monitoring of transplant rejection 4.

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

We herein present a rat renal transplantation model to non-invasively assess acute allograft rejection using positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose.

大鼠肾移植后急性排斥反应的非侵入性的成像使用<sup&gt; 18</sup&gt; F-FDG PET

The number of patients with end-stage renal  disease, and the number of kidney allograft recipients continuously increases.  Episodes of acute cellular ...

Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as studies on graft preservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury 1,2, immunological responses 3,4, hemodynamics 5,6, and small-for-size syndrome 7. The rat OLT is among the most difficult animal models in experimental surgery and demands advanced microsurgical skills that take a long time to learn. Consequently, the use of this model has been limited. Since the reliability and reproducibility of results are key components of the experiments in which such complex animal models are used, it is essential for surgeons who are involved in rat OLT to be trained in well-standardized and sophisticated procedures for this model.
While various techniques and modifications of OLT in rats have been reported 8 since the first model was described by Lee et al. 9 in 1973, the elimination of the hepatic arterial reconstruction 10 and the introduction of the cuff anastomosis technique by Kamada et al. 11 were a major advancement in this model, because they simplified the reconstruction procedures to a great degree. In the model by Kamada et al., the hepatic rearterialization was also eliminated. Since rats could survive without hepatic arterial flow after liver transplantation, there was considerable controversy over the value of hepatic arterialization. However, the physiological superiority of the arterialized model has been increasingly acknowledged, especially in terms of preserving the bile duct system 8,12 and the liver integrity 8,13,14.
In this article, we present detailed surgical procedures for a rat model of OLT with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft after ex vivo liver resection. The reconstruction procedures for each vessel and the bile duct are performed by the following methods: a 7-0 polypropylene continuous suture for the supra- and infrahepatic vena cava; a cuff technique for the portal vein; and a stent technique for the hepatic artery and the bile duct.

Orthotopic liver transplantation in rats is an indispensable experimental model for biomedical research. Here we present our surgical procedures for orthotopic rat liver transplantation with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft.

部分原位肝移植大鼠模型的肝动脉重建的外科手术

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as ...

Optimized System for Cerebral Perfusion Monitoring in the Rat Stroke Model of Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal models of acute ischemic stroke allows to confirm successful arterial occlusion and exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral perfusion monitoring can also be used to study intracranial collateral circulation, which is emerging as a powerful determinant of stroke outcome and a possible therapeutic target. Despite a recognized role of Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring as part of the current guidelines for experimental cerebral ischemia, a number of technical difficulties exist that limit its widespread use. One of the major issues is obtaining a secure and prolonged attachment of a deep-penetration Laser Doppler probe to the animal skull. In this video, we show our optimized system for cerebral perfusion monitoring during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal filament in the rat. We developed in-house a simple method to obtain a custom made holder for twin-fibre (deep-penetration) Laser Doppler probes, which allow multi-site monitoring if needed. A continuous and prolonged monitoring of cerebral perfusion could easily be obtained over the intact skull.

Cerebral perfusion monitoring has been demonstrated to improve accuracy in ischemic stroke models. Technical difficulties often limit the use of this essential tool for cerebrovascular research. In this video, an optimized system is shown to obtain a single or multi-site hemodynamic monitoring during intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

优化系统的脑灌注监测在中风模型大鼠的大脑中动脉闭塞腔内

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal ...

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of Willis perforation (CWp) and proven by intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Thereby a homogenous blood distribution in subarachnoid spaces surrounding the arterial circulation and cerebellar fissures is achieved. Animal physiology is maintained by intubation, mechanical ventilation, and continuous on-line monitoring of various physiological and cardiovascular parameters: body temperature, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and hemoglobin saturation. Thereby the cerebral perfusion pressure can be tightly monitored resulting in a less variable volume of extravasated blood. This allows a better standardization of endovascular filament perforation in mice and makes the whole model highly reproducible. Thus it is readily available for pharmacological and pathophysiological studies in wild type and genetically altered mice.

A standardized mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage by intraluminal Circle of Willis perforation is described. Vessel perforation and subarachnoid bleeding are monitored by intracranial pressure monitoring. In addition various vital parameters are recorded and controlled to maintain physiologic conditions.

蛛网膜下腔出血的小鼠模型

In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid  hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of  Willis ...

The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and controllable animal models that simulate both conditions are presently uncommon. Therefore, new models are needed in order to mimic human pathophysiological conditions resulting from SAH.
This report describes the technical nuances of a rabbit blood-shunt SAH model that enables control of intracerebral pressure (ICP). An extracorporeal shunt is placed between the arterial system and the subarachnoid space, which enables examiner-independent SAH in a closed cranium. Step-by-step procedural instructions and necessary equipment are described, as well as technical considerations to produce the model with minimal mortality and morbidity. Important details required for successful surgical creation of this robust, simple and consistent ICP-controlled SAH rabbit model are described.

The experimental intracranial pressure-controlled blood shunt subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model in the rabbit combines the standard procedures &#8212; subclavian artery cannulation and transcutaneous cisterna magna puncture, which enables close mimicking of human pathophysiological conditions after SAH. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss key surgical points for successful experimental SAH creation.

蛛网膜下腔出血急性和后遗症的研究兔血分流型号：技术问题

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and ...

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 382 million people in 2013, and is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 1. During the past 2 decades, the role of beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes has been clearly established 2. Research progress has required methods for the isolation of pancreatic islets. The protocol of the islet isolation presented here shares many common steps with protocols from other groups, with some modifications to improve the yield and quality of isolated islets from both the wild type and diabetic Leprdb (db/db) mice. A live-cell 2-photon imaging method is then presented that can be used to investigate the control of insulin secretion within islets.

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

We present here a protocol for the isolation of islets from the mouse model of type 2 diabetes, Leprdb and details of a live-cell assay for measurement of insulin secretion from intact islets that utilizes 2 photon microscopy.

瘦素受体<sup&gt;分贝</sup&gt; 2型糖尿病小鼠模型：胰岛分离和活细胞双光子成像完好胰岛

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 382 million people in 2013, and is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 1. During the past 2 decades, ...

Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths, partly because early diagnosis of the severity of blood loss is difficult. Assessment of hemorrhaging patients is difficult because current clinical tools provide measures of vital signs that remain stable during the early stages of bleeding due to compensatory mechanisms. Consequently, there is a need to understand and measure the total integration of mechanisms that compensate for reduced circulating blood volume and how they change during ongoing progressive hemorrhage. The body&#39;s reserve to compensate for reduced circulating blood volume is called the &#39;compensatory reserve&#39;. The compensatory reserve can be accurately evaluated with real-time measurements of changes in the features of the arterial waveform measured with the use of a high-powered computer. Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) has been shown to simulate many of the physiological responses in humans associated with hemorrhage, and is used to study the compensatory response to hemorrhage. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how compensatory reserve is assessed during progressive reductions in central blood volume with LBNP as a simulation of hemorrhage.

The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate the techniques for measuring compensatory responses to reduced central blood volume using lower body negative pressure as a noninvasive experimental model of human hemorrhage which can be used to quantify the total integration of compensatory mechanisms to blood volume deficit in humans.

在出血的人体模型集成的代偿反应

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths, partly because early diagnosis of the severity of blood loss is difficult. Assessment of ...

Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Sheet to Reduce Leakage After Partial Colectomy in A Rat Model

Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of clinical efficacy, they are until now imperfect solutions. Stem cell therapy using ASC sheets could provide a solution to this problem. ASCs are considered as promising candidates for promoting tissue healing because of their trophic and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we provide methods to produce high-density ASC sheets, that are transplanted onto a colorectal anastomosis in a rat model to reduce the leakage. ASCs formed cell sheets in thermo-responsive culture dishes that could be easily detached. On the day of the transplantation, a partial colectomy with a 5-suture colorectal anastomosis was performed. Animals were immediately transplanted with 1 ASC sheet per rat. ASC sheets adhered spontaneously to the anastomosis without any glue, suture, or any biomaterial. Animal groups were sacrificed 3 and 7 days postoperatively. Compared to transplanted animals, the incidence of anastomotic abscesses and leakage was higher in control animals. In our model, the transplantation of ASC sheets after colorectal anastomosis was successful and associated with a lower leakage rate.

The preparation and transplantation of adipose tissue derived stem cell (ASC) sheets onto insufficiently sutured colorectal anastomoses in a rat model is presented. This novel application shows that ASC sheets can reduce colorectal anastomosis leakage.

脂肪组织干细胞移植对大鼠部分结肠切除术后渗漏的减少

Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of ...

Implantation of hiPSC-derived Cardiac-muscle Patches after Myocardial Injury in a Guinea Pig Model

Due to the limited regeneration capacity of the heart in adult mammals, myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. This loss of relevant amounts of heart muscle mass can lead to the heart failure. Besides heart transplantation, there is no curative treatment option for the end-stage heart failure. In times of organ donor shortage, organ independent treatment modalities are needed. Left-ventricular assist devices are a promising therapy option, however, especially as destination therapy, limited by its side-effects like stroke, infections and bleedings. In recent years, several cardiac repair strategies including stem cell injection, cardiac progenitors or myocardial tissue engineering have been investigated. Recent improvements in cell biology allow for the differentiation of large amounts of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). One of the cardiac repair strategies currently under evaluation is to transplant artificial heart tissue. Engineered heart tissue (EHT) is a three-dimensional in vitro created cardiomyocyte network, with functional properties of native heart tissue. We have created EHT-patches from hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes. Here we present a protocol for the induction of left ventricular myocardial cryoinjury in a guinea pig, followed by implantation of hiPSC derived EHT on the left ventricular wall.

Here we present a protocol for the induction of left ventricular cryoinjury followed by the implantation of a cardiac muscle patch, derived from human iPS-cell cardiomyocytes in a guinea pig model.

几内亚猪模型心肌损伤后 hiPSC-derived 衍生心肌贴片的植入

Due to the limited regeneration capacity of the heart in adult mammals, myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. This loss ...