宾夕法尼亚州立土木工程拓展署署长

1。课程建设<ol><li>安装过程中地板。当然，尺寸为40英尺长7英尺宽由280 1呎2吋便携地砖（米色事件地砖）。将黑色内饰围绕周长只（ 图1）。 </li><li>粉刷墙壁相邻相匹配的地砖营造一个有些单色的环境。提供我们与灰度值中使用的颜色（ 表5）。如果特定的颜色不可用，我们建议采取平铺到一个五金店颜色匹配。 </li><li>根据照明模板（ 图1）安装的照明。连接灯调光开关。 </li><li>根据绘画指令（ 图2）漆的障碍。 </li></ol> 2。准备测试区<ol><li>调整照明所需的条件和检查用测光表的开头，中间和含课程走廊的末端。 </l我&gt; <li>确保摄像机设置为记录和相机的位置是合适的，因为他们通过步行过程中捕捉到的主题。我们建议在天花板底座或相机可手持。 </li></ol> 3。创纪录的首选步行速度鲜红斑痣<ol><li>在走道的中心（当然栏的“D”）的位置问题。注：脚趾应该是后面的走道边界。读指令给受试者（ 图3）。 </li><li>秒表开始一次跨越脚的黑色边框，走上途径。停止时间，一旦越过脚下的黑色边框在走道的另一端。记录时间为PWS1。打开主题围绕在相反的方向重复过程。记录时间为PWS2。平均PWS1和PWS2和记录作为最终的鲜红斑痣。 </li></ol> 4。障碍赛导航<ol><li>从随机化方案，成立了第一道菜（ 图4）。地砖应该被用作在WHI的网格通道的障碍被映射。参阅的障碍正确映射提供图。这是有帮助的人数瓦片以及一个不可磨灭的标记垂直和水平轴允许的障碍，容易放置。这也有利于根据在一个不显眼的位置所提供的图表标注的障碍。 </li><li>引导受启动40英尺的走道。读指令给受试者（ 图3）。主题应定位在走道中心（列“D”），脚趾后面的边界。秒表开始一次跨越脚的黑色边框，走上途径。停止时间，一旦越过脚下的黑色边框在走道的另一端。记录此时如课程转速（CS）。 </li><li>记录时的障碍被击中，分级命中的严重程度在3分制。在运行过程中应该由一个独立的观察者进行录像后确认。 </li></ol> 5。障碍鉴定<ol><li>腠后完成RSE导航任务，把受周围面对过程和位置，当然中心（D列）。注意：请确保需要重新定位，以便从课程结束时看到正确的颜色任何障碍旋转。阅读说明主题（ 图3）。此时的第一对象识别任务将被执行。让拍摄对象转身告诉助理研究员，他们可以在30秒内分辨物体的总数。这个数字应该被记录下来。 </li><li>请告诉主体往回走走过的历程，并指向每一个障碍，他们可以看到。如果它们与障碍物碰撞不要紧。的障碍，他们可以看到的数量被记录。它是有用的，记录它们能够检测哪些障碍。这是不定时的。 </li></ol>项目4和5应该重复为正在运行的每个进程的版本。

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作者什么都没有透露。

我们描述一个室内，携带方便，容易复制，而相对便宜的课程，可以用来评估避障中谁是盲人或弱视人士。目前大多数的障碍训练场的设计和测试（ 即拖船）难以跨站点和观察员进行比较，或者是不能在备用位置16,17,30容易进行永久滴注。我们的目标是创建一个过程，可以在不同的地点和不同的观察者标准化使用，并能提供一定的预测能力，为采取干预措施（ 即人工视觉装?...

低视力康复评估必须决定是否干预的结果是改进了功能。性能指标通常涉及计算机读取或功能评估1-9，以及生活质量问卷10-15。如果能够同时评估低视力患者来浏览周围障碍物的能力也可能会提供线索的功能改进18特别是在人工视觉装置的情况下。 Geruschat 等人最近发表的导航效果与视网膜植入芯片，强调需要一个标准度量在这一领域17。目前，还没有被广泛接受的，客观的，有效的和全面的标准确定为避障能力。 功能测试，将关联到导航性能与低视力或“超低愿景”为p的人的发展通过人工视觉roduced将是可取的，但仍然是一个可望而不可及的目标。人工视觉设备，如视网膜植入芯片18-24或感官替代设备，如BrainPort 25和语音26的新兴领域，就必须避开障碍物的测试，可能的关联，增加了这些设备所赋予的导航能力。这种评估不仅让受试者了解自己的局限，因为他们穿越他们的周围环境，但可能会提供一个用于测量与改善定向行走训练或视觉增强设备的原型迭代之间。理想的情况下，可能有一些能力，以评估事故下降27个人的风险。 我们的目标是创造一个超越障碍训练场，这将是对在用人工视觉装置的患者的导航能力评价有用和转让到L领域OW视力一般。使用考研资料库上的障碍课程和视力障碍的发表的文献进行了审查。有创造标准化的障碍课程16,17,28-31,34了大量努力。大多数的这些都不是便携式的意义上，这将是很难精确地复制的设定，特别是用于户外课程。马奎尔等人描述了障碍物当然这是用来表明患者勒伯尔先天性黑蒙的移动性性能。本课程具有作为便携式和小的好处，但目前尚不清楚是否不同迭代已提供防止记忆效应，也没有任何条文障碍，这是不是在地板上，纹理的变化，或跨距。真皮休闲包提供了潜在的缺陷的一个精辟的描述，在设计过程中，并提出了一个室外场的描述，遗憾的是不能够被在ALTERN完全复现ative位置30。 Velikay-PAREL 等人描述的移动性测试与视网膜植入芯片的使用。这种设计具有可移植，并易于执行的好处。虽然这门课程可以在不同的地点被复制，没有提供任何关于课程建设的具体细节。此外，多涉及的是，他们表现出的学习效果达到了，由于课程熟悉渐近水平，因此能防止记忆当然完全可以消除的学习效果随着时间的推移亏损18的关注。无到目前为止所描述的课程已被广泛采用的低视力或康复社区。 随后咨询了一队来自宾夕法尼亚州西部盲童学校（匹兹堡，PA）和盲人和匹兹堡视力康复服务（宅基地，PA）分析师6低视力职业治疗师和定向行走专家作者arding提出课程设计。确定了功能性障碍，当然理想的属性包括：便携性，易于装配/拆卸和存储，灵活性既昏暗和明亮的照明条件下进行测试，并通过包括代表患者的家庭环境中的物体的障碍，以反映“现实生活”的情况了是坚固，足以承受反复碰撞而被韧性，以防止病人受伤。此外，它被认为是必要的，以有几种类型的设计环境，如道路的，这样，当在一个随机的顺序给药可防止当然记忆。此外，该课程应证明在多种设置重复的结果，具有很强的内部以及相互信度和可空间意识的客观度量。 这一努力的高潮部分是一个障碍课程，可以合理地预期在一个标准的机构将被再现的发展走廊。本课程的目的是测试不同的技能，所有重要的导航。该课程的每一级会尝试将焦点几种特定类型的日常航行活动遇到的障碍。第一场的计算结果进行导航，它们都放置在地板上相对高的对比度目标的能力，但是需要大量的匝数。在第二场的计算结果进行导航的障碍是高和低对比度，地板纹理的变化，和对象悬浮在空气中的能力。最后当然会评估导航泡沫塑料的障碍是低对比度的能力，表面眩光在地板上的变化，增加了nonStyrofoam障碍（布），地砖的颜色变化，必须要跨过的障碍，而不是在障碍地板。课程被标记为1，2和3为便于标记的，但是这个指定不应该被解释为在难易程度增加。在每个级别中，有THRee值的版本，当然，它可以被随机化，以防止记忆过程。

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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, beige</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Beige</td>
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		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, black trim</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Male loop</td>
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		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, black trim</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Female loop</td>
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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, Edging</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Black</td>
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			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">Wall Paint: Satin Premium Plus Internal Satin Enamel Custom Color Match</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Behr, Inc Santa Ana CA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Greyscale value = 45</td>
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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Obstacle paint</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Valspar Paints, Wheeling, IL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DuJour (#70002-6)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">DuJour Greyscale value = 15</td>
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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Obstacle paint</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Valspar Paints, Wheeling, IL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Fired Earth (#6011-1)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fired Earth Greyscale value = 95</td>
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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Styrofoam obstacles</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Universal Foam Products, Orlando CA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Con-Tact Brand Contact Paper</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">639982</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Solid Black</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Con-Tact Brand Contact Paper</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">615542</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Stainless Steel</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Con-Tact Brand Contact Paper</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">614416</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Solid White</td>
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			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">3 ft x 6 ft Standard tuff Olefin Floor Mat</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Commercial Mats and Rubber A Division of Georgia Mills Direct Saratoga Springs, NY</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Charcoal</td>
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		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">3 ft x 6 ft Standard tuff Olefin Floor Mat</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Commercial Mats and Rubber A Division of Georgia Mills Direct Saratoga Springs, NY</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Smoke</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Fisher Scientific Traceable Dual Range Light Meter</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">06-662-63</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">International Light, Newburyport MA, USA</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">5 1/2 in clamp light</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">203198</td>
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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">GE 65-Watt indoor incandescent flood light bulb</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">163209</td>
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a standardized obstacle course for assessment of visual function in ultra low vision and artificial vision

我们描述一个室内，便携，规范化轨道，可用于评估避障中谁拥有超视力的人。六短视控制和36完全失明，但其他健康成年男性（N = 29）和女性（13例）患者（年龄范围19-85岁），被纳入三项研究涉及BrainPort感官替代装置的测试之一。受试者被要求之前浏览的过程中，后，BrainPort培训。它们在两个不同的位置总共837运行过程中完成。均值和标准差分别计算各控件类型，课程，灯光和访问。我们使用了线性混合效应模型在PPWS（百分比首选步行速度）和误差％的数据比较不同类别的证明过程迭代进行适当的设计。过程是相对便宜的，易于管理，并已被证明是测试的移动性功能的可行方法。数据分析正在示威ES，对于百分比误差的结果以及为百分比首选步行速度，即每三个课程是不同的，并且每个级别中，每三个迭代都是平等的。这使得执政期间的课程随机化。 缩写： 首选步行速度（PWS） 当然速度（CS） 百分比首选步行速度（PPWS）

主题六蒙着眼睛近视，近视和36完全失明，但其他健康成人（年龄范围19-85岁），男性（N = 29）和女性（13例）受试者参加的三项研究，涉及的BrainPort感官测试1替代装置（Wicab，威斯康星州麦迪逊）。所有的研究都批准了匹兹堡IRB大学和所有科目签署批准的知情同意书。所有的研究是一个学科内，重复测量设计，使得每个主题充当自己的控制。近视受试者蒙上眼睛来模拟新失明的...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision at JoVE.com

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

我们描述一个室内，便携，规范化轨道，可用于评估避障中谁拥有超视力的人。过程是相对便宜的，易于管理，并已被证明是可靠的和可重现的。

一个标准化的障碍赛的视觉功能的超低视觉与人工视觉评估

We describe an indoor, portable, standardized course that can be used to evaluate obstacle avoidance in persons who have ultralow vision. Six sighted ...

a-standardized-obstacle-course-for-assessment-visual-function-ultra

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.0K 次观看.  University of Pittsburgh. 我们描述一个室内，便携，规范化轨道，可用于评估避障中谁拥有超视力的人。过程是相对便宜的，易于管理，并已被证明是可靠的和可重现的。 

视频: A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

测量和制止在弱视治疗

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

科研

医学

Detecting Abnormalities in Choroidal Vasculature in a Mouse Model of Age-related Macular Degeneration by Time-course Indocyanine Green Angiography

Indocyanine Green&#160;Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal vasculature of various eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ICGA is especially useful to image the posterior choroidal vasculature of the eye due to its capability of penetrating through the pigmented layer with its infrared spectrum. ICGA time course can be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The three phases provide valuable information on the pathology of eye problems. Although time-course ICGA by intravenous (IV) injection is widely used in the clinic for the diagnosis and management of choroid problems, ICGA by intraperitoneal injection (IP) is commonly used in animal research. Here we demonstrated the technique to obtain high-resolution ICGA time-course images in mice by tail-vein injection and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. We used this technique to image the choroidal lesions in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Although it is much easier to introduce ICG to the mouse vasculature by IP, our data indicate that it is difficult to obtain reproducible ICGA time course images by IP-ICGA. In contrast, ICGA via tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time-course images comparable to human studies. In addition, we showed that ICGA performed on albino mice gives clearer pictures of choroidal vessels than that performed on pigmented mice. We suggest that time-course IV-ICGA should become a standard practice in AMD research based on animal models.

Indocyanine Green Angiography (or ICGA) performed by tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time course images to characterize abnormalities in mouse choroid.

按时间当然吲哚菁绿血管造影检测脉络膜血管系统异常在年龄相关性黄斑变性的小鼠模型

Indocyanine Green&#160;Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal ...

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these diseases. Chronic retinal diseases such as retinal oedema or neovascularization usually require multiple intraocular injections to effectively treat the condition. However, the risks associated with these injections increase with repeated delivery of the drug. Therefore, alternative delivery methods need to be established in order to minimize the risks of reinjection. Several other investigations have developed methods to deliver drugs over extended time, through materials capable of releasing chemicals slowly into the eye. In this investigation, we outline the use of Elvax 40W, a copolymer resin, to act as a vehicle for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The resin is made and loaded with the drug. The drug-resin complex is then implanted into the vitreous cavity, where it will slowly release the drug over time. This method was tested using 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analogue that blocks the light response of the retina. It was demonstrated that the APB was slowly released from the resin, and was able to block the retinal response by 7 days after implantation. This indicates that slow-release drug delivery using this copolymer resin is effective for treating the retina, and could be used therapeutically with further testing.

This paper details how Elvax 40W can be used as a slow-release method for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The protocol for preparing, loading, and delivering the drug-resin complex to the eye is described.

通过40W的Elvax缓释给药的大鼠视网膜：对慢性疾病的治疗

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these ...

Using Adeno-associated Virus as a Tool to Study Retinal Barriers in Disease

M&#252;ller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina. Their end-feet form the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membranes (ILM), and in conjunction with astrocytes, pericytes and endothelial cells they establish the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). BRB limits material transport between the bloodstream and the retina while the ILM acts as a basement membrane that defines histologically the border between the retina and the vitreous cavity. Labeling M&#252;ller cells is particularly relevant to study the physical state of the retinal barriers, as these cells are an integral part of the BRB and ILM. Both BRB and ILM are frequently altered in retinal disease and are responsible for disease symptoms.
There are several well-established methods to study the integrity of the BRB, such as the Evans blue assay or fluorescein angiography. However these methods do not provide information on the extent of BRB permeability to larger molecules, in nanometer range. Furthermore, they do not provide information on the state of other retinal barriers such as the ILM. To study BRB permeability alongside retinal ILM, we used an AAV based method that provides information on permeability of BRB to larger molecules while indicating the state of the ILM and extracellular matrix proteins in disease states. Two AAV variants are useful for such study: AAV5 and ShH10. AAV5&#160;has a natural tropism for photoreceptors but it cannot get across to the outer retina when administered into the vitreous when the ILM is intact (i.e., in wild-type retinas). ShH10 has a strong tropism towards glial cells and will selectively label M&#252;ller glia in both healthy and diseased retinas. ShH10 provides more efficient gene delivery in retinas where ILM is compromised. These viral tools coupled with immunohistochemistry and blood-DNA analysis shed light onto the state of retinal barriers in disease.

To investigate the blood-retinal barrier permeability and the inner limiting membrane integrity in animal models of retinal disease, we used several adeno-associated virus (AAV) variants as tools to label retinal neurons and glia. Virus mediated reporter gene expression is then used as an indicator of retinal barrier permeability.

使用腺相关病毒作为一种工具来研究疾病中的视网膜障碍

M&#252;ller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina. Their end-feet form the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membranes ...

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

Keratoconus is a bilateral and progressive corneal ectasia. In order to slow down its progression, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently been introduced as an efficient treatment option. In biological and chemical sciences, crosslinking refers to new chemical bonds formed between reactive molecules. Hence, the aim of corneal collagen CXL is to synthetically increase the formation of crosslinks between collagen fibrils in the corneal stroma. Despite the fact that the efficiency of the conventional CXL (C-CXL) protocol has already been shown in several clinical studies, it might benefit from improvements in duration of the procedure and removal of corneal epithelium. Hence, in order to provide a coherent evaluation of two new and optimized CXL protocols, we studied keratoconus patients who had undergone one of the three CXL treatments: iontophoresis (I-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and conventional CXL (C-CXL). A-CXL is a 6 time faster CXL procedure using a ten time higher UVA irradiance but still including an epithelium removal. Iontophoresis is a transepithelial non-invasive technique in which a small electric current is applied to improve riboflavin penetration throughout the cornea. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), we conclude that regarding the depth of treatment penetration, conventional CXL protocol remains the standard for treating progressive keratoconus. Accelerated CXL seems to be a quick, effective and safe alternative to treat thin corneas. The use of iontophoresis is still being investigated and should be considered with greater caution.

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is the only conservative treatment currently available to halt keratoconus progression by improving the biomechanical rigidity of the corneal stroma. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the methods of three different protocols of CXL: conventional CXL (C-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and iontophoresis CXL (I-CXL).

角膜胶原交联的圆锥角膜的三种不同的协议：常规，加速和离子导入

Keratoconus is a bilateral and progressive corneal ectasia. In order to slow down its progression, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently been ...

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to microperimetry (MY) in eyes affected by dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) over time through the production and secretion of growth factors (GFs) on surrounding tissue. Patients were randomly assigned to each study group. All patients were diagnosed with dry AMD and with BCVA equal to or greater than 1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). A suprachoroidal autologous graft by Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique (LRRT) was carried out on group A, which included 11 eyes from 11 patients. The technique was performed by implanting adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells obtained from the stromal vascular fraction, and platelets from platelet-rich plasma in the suprachoroidal space. Conversely, group B, including 14 eyes of 14 patients, was used as a control group. For each patient, diagnosis was verified by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In group A, BCVA improved by 0.581 to 0.504 at 90 days and to 0.376 logMAR at 180 days (+32.20%) postoperatively. Furthermore, MY test increased by 11.44 dB to 12.59 dB at 180 days. The different cell types grafted behind the choroid were able to ensure constant GF secretion in the choroidal flow. Consequently, the results indicate that visual acuity (VA) in the grafted group can increase more than in the control group after six months.

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

The goal of this study is to assess whether the suprachoroidal graft of adipose-derived stem cells included in the stromal vascular fraction and platelets derived from platelet-rich plasma by the Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique can improve visual acuity and retinal sensitivity responses in eyes affected by dry age-related macular degeneration.

脉络细胞自体移植治疗老年性黄斑变性的再生疗法: 初步体内报告

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to ...

Puncture-Induced Iris Neovascularization as a Mouse Model of Rubeosis Iridis

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant for targeting neovascular glaucoma, a sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. This method is based on the induction of iris vascular response by a series of self-sealing uveal punctures on BALB/c mice and takes advantage of the postpartum maturation of mouse ocular vasculature. Mouse pups undergo uveal punctures from postnatal day 12.5, when the pups naturally open their eyes, until postnatal day 24.5. Due to the transparency of the cornea, iris vasculature can be analyzed easily through time by noninvasive in vivo methods. Furthermore, the semitransparent iris of BALB/c mice can be flatmounted for detailed immunohistologic analysis with minimal non-specific background staining. In this model, angiogenesis is mainly driven by the inflammatory and plasminogen activating systems. The puncture-induced model is the first to induce iris neovascularization in small rodents, and has the advantage of allowing direct noninvasive in vivo analysis of the angiogenic process. Moreover, the model can be combined with angiogenic modulating substances, which highlights its potential in the study of angiogenesis with an in vivo perspective.

Iris neovascularization, a common complication of ischemic retinal disease, may lead to sight-threatening neovascular glaucoma. Here, we describe a murine protocol for inducing experimental iris neovascularization that may be used for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis-modulating substances.

穿刺诱导的虹膜新生血管虹膜虹膜小鼠模型的建立

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant ...

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known risk factor for glaucoma. This protocol demonstrates a step-by-step guide on this technique in Long Evans rats and C57BL/6 mice. Under general anesthesia, a "purse-string" suture is applied on the conjunctiva, around the equator and behind the limbus of the eye. The fellow eye serves as an untreated control. Over the duration of our study, which was a period of 8 weeks for rats and 12 weeks for mice, IOP remained elevated, as measured regularly by rebound tonometry in conscious animals without topical anesthesia. In both species, the sutured eyes showed electroretinogram features consistent with preferential inner retinal dysfunction. Optical coherence tomography showed selective thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Histology of the rat retina in cross-section found reduced cell density in the ganglion cell layer, but no change in other cellular layers. Staining of flat-mounted mouse retinae with a ganglion cell specific marker (RBPMS) confirmed ganglion cell loss. The circumlimbal suture is a simple, minimally invasive and cost-effective way to induce ocular hypertension that leads to ganglion cell injury in both rats and mice.

Chronic ocular hypertension is induced by applying a circumlimbal suture in rats and mice, leading to functional and structural deterioration of the retinal ganglion cells consistent with glaucoma.

Circumlimbal 缝合法诱导大鼠和小鼠青光眼模型的建立

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Dorsiflexor Muscle Function in Mice

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively affect skeletal muscle. This can result in a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and/or loss of muscle quality (reduced force per unit of muscle mass), both of which are prevalent in chronic disease, muscle-specific disease, immobilization, and aging (sarcopenia). Skeletal muscle function in animals can be evaluated by a range of different tests. All tests have limitations related to the physiological testing environment, and the selection of a specific test often depends on the nature of the experiments. Here, we describe an in vivo, non-invasive technique involving a helpful and easy assessment of force frequency-curve (FFC) in mice that can be performed on the same animal over time. This permits monitoring of disease progression and/or efficacy&#160;of a potential therapeutic treatment.

Measurement of rodent skeletal muscle contractile function is a useful tool that can be used to track disease progression as well as efficacy of therapeutic intervention. We describe here the non-invasive, in vivo assessment of the dorsiflexor muscles that can be repeated over time in the same mouse.

小鼠肌功能的无创评价

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively ...

Effect of Artificial Tear Formulations on the Metabolic Activity of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells after Exposure to Desiccation

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear formulations that prevent cell desiccation will result in ocular surface protection and the maintenance of cell metabolic activity. During dehydration, cells undergo the process of loss of metabolic activity and subsequently cell death. This work describes a method for assessing the efficacy of artificial tear formulations. The metabolic dye (i.e., alamarBlue) changes from a low fluorescent molecule resazurin to a fluorescent molecule resorufin in viable cells. The biological performance of an artificial tear formulation is measured as the ability of the formulation to (a) maintain cell viability and (b) provide cell protection from desiccation. Growth media and saline are used as controls for the cell viability/desiccation tests. Cells are incubated with test solutions for 30 min and then desiccated for 0 or 5 min at 37 &#176;C and 45% relative humidity. Cell metabolic activity after initial exposure and after cell desiccation is then determined. The results show the comparative effects of eye drop formulations on cell metabolic activity and desiccation protection. This method can be used to test dry eye formulations that are designed to treat individuals with evaporative dry eye.

The purpose of this protocol is to evaluate if different artificial tear formulations can protect human corneal epithelial cells from desiccation using an in vitro model. After exposure to artificial tear formulations and desiccation, human corneal epithelial cells are assessed for metabolic activity.

人工撕裂制剂对暴露于干燥后人类角膜上皮细胞代谢活动的影响

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear ...