通过授予MF萨尔瓦多来自国家衰老研究所（AG040261）研究补助金的一部分提供资金用于这项工作。作者还要感谢维多利亚字段她的协助与工作相关的行为实验提出和Mackenzie果园，他协助建设逆止器的跑步机。

下面所有的程序都是按照机构动物照顾及使用委员会在路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心 - 什里夫波特进行的，符合卫生指引研究所。 1，运动前程序注：所有在该强制运动养生相关手续的时间线图解如图1所示 。 <img alt="图1" fo:content-width="5in" src="/files/ftp_upload/51827/51827fig1highres.jpg" width="500" /> 图1：强制锻炼方案时间表 。这个时间表详细介绍每个星期的研究期间，这项工作方案的各个阶段的重要事件。预驯化阶段（周1-2）涉及实验者处理和基线运动活性。在适应阶段（​​3​​-4周），所有大鼠进行驯化培养3天瓦特在这里，他们坐在固定的跑步机和适应训练，跑步机，然后10天。在运动训练阶段（5-10周）是必需的最少两轮运动（1圆=连续12天），其次是2周的休息时间。行为和/或神经化学物质的测量可以在这些休息时间进行。此外，该方案可以被修改，以包括多轮的运动在这个阶段。体重是衡量整个研究过程中每周的各个阶段，在此之前（第一次会议）后（最后一届）这项工作方案的每一个阶段。跑步机运动训练成绩是1-4分配的所有锻炼和运动训练课程后，和射程，4为可能的最高得分。简单地说，对4训练成绩时，只无帮助锻炼整个训练会话分配。同样，指派3的训练成绩时，只需要最低限度的援助（定义为：协助小于25％的训练课从实验者的时间）。指定2的训练成绩时，只需要太多援助（定义为：协助培训会议的时间大于25％）的实验者在锻炼期间。最后，拨出1培训比分老鼠是不符合要求，未能完成练习会话。 <ol><li>抵达后的动物群体，独立的，单独容纳所有的科目为标准鞋盒笼。提供食物和水随意向受试者在整个研究。 </li><li>保持反12小时明暗周期（灯从1800到0600小时），在动物群体，并让受试者以适应这一周期至少一周。被检者的活动状态（暗）的周期中执行所有行为学实验，和1-2小时之前的明暗周期变化。 </li><li>之前的任何行为实验开始的两周内，办理所有考试科目数分茨每日熟习实验者的主体，并以降低的新颖性引起的应力不熟悉的环境中，如在运动室和跑步机。 </li><li>测量每个受试者的体重，每周一次，并立即前（第一次会议）后（最后一届）行使范式的每个主要区间。 </li></ol> 2，基线活动性评估：确定强制运动组分配<ol><li>评估为60分钟/天，每个主题的自发活动，连续5天，以建立基准的运动能力。开展自主活动会在自动旷场自发活动室包括一个有机玻璃箱（45×45×20 毫升 ），用红外光束的电网安装水平和垂直方向在产品说明书中建议的。 </li><li>在运动活性的评估，负载中的每一天的开始和设置在计算机和softwa重新计划连接到旷场运动活动室，以便每个会话期间，记录光束中断（自发活动）的数量。 </li><li>加入约2杯松木片的床上用品，以在每次会话的运动室的地板上。 </li><li>之前立即运出动物群体的自发活动室的主题在他们的家笼子里的自发活动的会话。加载对象到其指定的运动室下一个红灯，然后开始60分钟会话的计算机上一旦被放置到室内。 </li><li>在完成自发活动会话完成后，从运动室取出科目​​，并将其在红光下回到自己的家乡笼。立即返回受试者回到动物的殖民地。 </li><li>从室中取出被褥和每次会议后清洗室的墙壁和地板用50％的乙醇。 </li><li>每增加一个运动课程重复步骤2.3-2.6每天根据需要，直到所有的科目进行了检验。进行所有的运动活动会话在黑暗中，在动物的活性周期，和1-2小时之前的明暗周期变化。 </li><li>考虑到习惯化到活动室的可能性，旋转中的可用的腔室，使得自发活动是由前一日测量在不同的腔室的每个主题。 <ol><li>如果多个会话需要在一天内进行，变更测试，使得主题以不同的顺序，比前一交易日进行测试的顺序。 </li></ol></li><li>从由用于测量运动活动，确定与以下5个运动参数每只动物的基线运动活性的软件生成的数据：总行驶距离（厘米），水平活动（光束中断的次数），移动号码（开始动作的次数） ，花的时间移动（秒），并且移动速度（厘米/秒）。 <ol><li>为了分配练习的研究e和nonexercise组，计算出在所有5次的平均值为每上述步骤2.9中列出的5运动参数。 </li></ol></li><li>从这5个参数，确定锻炼和nonexercise（对照）组，使得同等范围内自发活动是代表在这两个群体。以这种方式，基于类似的运动功能配对大鼠在一起，并分配一个鼠至运动组和一个鼠的nonexercise基。因此，例如，配对的两只大鼠表现出最高平均所有5个运动参数的合计，并分配一个鼠至运动组和其他的nonexercise组（组分配是随机选择的）。其余的科目重复此过程。 <ol><li>保持配对整个强迫运动养生和对所有数据进行分析。 </li></ol></li><li>如果实验者有兴趣的运动对自发活动的影响，测量运动后的自发活动ü唱在步骤2.1-2.8.1上次跑步运动后开始一天中所述的相同步骤。注意：如果研究者有兴趣和/或自动自发活动的软件许可证，检验焦虑有关的措施（ 即在时间与外围活动室的中心略去）评估对象在自发活动的评估相对的焦虑。 </li></ol> 3，锻炼的跑步机<ol><li>进行在电动啮齿动物跑步机的所有平板运动有关的程序与由透明的有机玻璃墙中动物的活性周期分隔车道，以及1-2小时之前的明暗周期变化。 </li><li>代替位于每个车道的背面的电击线圈，用有机玻璃逆止专门设计，以适应在跑步机上，使得受试者可以连续运动而不与电休克线圈接触。为了防止逆止在培训班滑动，保持逆止到位，在C形夹1.5。 </li><li>由于实验者处理所需的跑步机运动训练，进行的灯还亮着所有的跑步机上锻炼会话。 </li><li>在他们的家笼子里的跑步机运输科前夕，跑步机运动训练。当跑步机是静止的，只加载到跑步机在其指定的车道通过向上滑动逆止刚好够，受试者可以逆止器下操纵。回向下滑动逆止到静止位置，一旦受到坐落在跑步机带。不要启动会话，直到所有的科目都被放置在其指定的车道为特定的会话。 <ol><li>在驯化的第一阶段，将每只大鼠的四车道的固定踏车的（如在步骤3.4中所述）为5-10分钟/天，连续3天中的一个。增加每个会话的时间每次连续ðAY（ 例如，5分钟，第1天，7分钟的第2天，并在第3天10分钟）作为大鼠熟悉跑步机装置，并减少对新颖性应力的潜力，在跑步机装置。重要提示：不要将老鼠在跑步机上（ 例如，停用的电击线圈），除了固定的皮带在这个阶段的任何地方。 </li></ol></li><li>在适应训练的第二阶段，将每只大鼠在固定跑步机的一个车道，在逆止门前。当所有的科目都到位，把跑步机上以缓慢的步行速度（ 例如，6米/分钟）。无论实验分组，培养所有大鼠在这个阶段上行走，跑步机，以确保从所述强制锻炼方案观察到的任何潜在的影响从运动训练导致，而不是简单地从锻炼的能力。 </li><li>由于跑步机的皮带开始滚动，确保所有的老鼠都走在了前进方向。协助大鼠为NEcessary由定向或轻轻捅了捅他们，直到他们正在向前推进。在适应训练期间，训练大鼠行走在跑步机上，使得它们不断地走在跑步机上未经实验者的援助。 <ol><li>通过逐渐增加速度过一段5-10分钟/天，连续10天适应各组大鼠的跑步机。以进一步促进遵守踏车运动，在所述第一5驯化会话训练大鼠在低速（6-8米/分钟）5-10分钟，并增加至适中的速度（9-10米/分钟）5在过去的5驯化会话-10分钟。 </li><li>确保所有的大鼠可被驯化训练期间的最后一届维持9-10米/分钟的速度进行10分钟。 </li></ol></li><li>在跑步机上锻炼会话完成时，如在步骤3.4中所述删除中用于加载对象的相同方式，跑步机主体。立即返回主题，以他们的家笼运回来的动物群体。 </li><li>擦拭每个单独的车道包括每个单独的踏车运动训练后的壁和跑步机带，用50％的乙醇。 </li><li>通过指定一个跑步锻炼的分数在每天的会议结束确定整个运动期间各组大鼠的运动能力。指定的4训练成绩时，只无帮助锻炼整个训练课。同样，指派3的训练成绩时，只需要最低限度的援助（定义为：协助培训会议的时间不超过25％）的实验者。指定2的训练成绩时，只需要太多援助（定义为：协助培训会议的时间大于25％）的实验者在锻炼期间。最后，拨出1培训比分老鼠是不符合要求，未能完成练习会话。 注：本活动计分制适用在某种程度上，其它研究19。 <ol><li>排除老鼠是无法完成驯化阶段，由于违规和/或防止主体行使（ 例如，这包括获得1跑步机运动训练成绩驯化训练的多个连续两天只）受伤。 </li></ol></li><li>平均在每个训练期间（ 如驯化培养和锻炼培训）在跑步机上的分数来确定每个主题的运动能力。确保所有的老鼠都能够赚到4跑步机上锻炼得分的适应期的最后一堂训练课中。 <ol><li>如果有的老鼠是不符合被他人在整个训练保持着顶级的运动速度，调整速度，这些老鼠，让他们能够继续行使的相同的时间量，但在整个培训课程以较慢的速度。在这种情况下，训练大鼠在组合模式慢吃了会议，并提高速度为主体适应较慢的速度。 </li></ol></li><li>为了避免对在跑步机上运动训练的跑步机车道偏移的可能性，旋转跑步机，让他们在训练中不同的车道，以后每次练习会话的可用通道中各组大鼠。 </li></ol> 4，跑步机运动训练<ol><li>这一天开始运动训练课程继去年驯化训练，并继续行使大鼠连续12天。在动物的活性周期进行这些会话和1-2小时之前的明暗周期变化。 </li><li>按照相同的设置程序，在驯化训练中使用的每个跑步机运动训练，如步骤3.2和3.4描述。 </li><li>在每届会议开始时，打开跑步机，以较低的，热身的速度（8米/分），比训练速度（9-11米/分钟），将维持throug豪特的演习训练的剩余部分。继续进行这场热身速度在会议开始时5-10分钟。调整速度9-11米/分钟的培训课程的其余部分。培训科目平均30分钟每一届整个12天运动训练。 </li><li>每次运动训练后，分配一个跑步机上锻炼的比分都使用在步骤3.9中描述的同样的运动评分系统只在运动组。不分配在跑步机上运动训练期间nonexercise鼠训练成绩。 </li><li>进行这项活动，分别nonexercise会议。将nonexercise大鼠在固定跑步机，他们的锻炼人群每届会议期间受过训练的时间相同。 </li><li>如步骤3.11所述，旋转每只大鼠的跑步机，让他们在训练中不同的车道，以后每次练习会话的可用通道之中。 </li><li>在完成一个循环完成运动，休息科目为14天。注意：根据从图2A和图2B中描述的试验性研究的结果是选择了该休息期。 </li><li>如果需要，进行各种行为和/或神经化学物质的评估，在12天的培训期结束。反之，则继续运动训练之后14天的休息时间随后的几轮。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Erickson, K. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercise+training+increases+size+of+hippocampus+and+improves+memory.">Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (7), 3017-3022 (2011).</li><li>Zigmond, M. J., Cameron, J. L., Hoffer, B. J., Smeyne, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurorestoration+by+physical+exercise:+Moving+forward.">Neurorestoration by physical exercise: Moving forward.</a> Parkinsonis., and Related Dis. 18 (S1), S147-S150 (2012).</li><li>Savela, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physical+activity+at+midlife+and+health-related+quality+of+life+in+older+men.">Physical activity at midlife and health-related quality of life in older men.</a> Arch. Intern. Med. 170 (13), 1171-1172 (2010).</li><li>Ridgel, A. L., Vitek, J. L., Alberts, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forced,+not+voluntary,+exercise+improves+motor+function+in+Parkinson's+disease+patients.">Forced, not voluntary, exercise improves motor function in Parkinson's disease patients.</a> Neurorehabil. Neural Repair. 23 (6), 600-608 (2009).</li><li>Demirel, H. A., Serova, L., Sabban, E. L., Broxson, C. S., Powers, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+expression+of+catecholamine+biosynthetic+enzymes+following+exercise:+modulation+by+age.">Gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes following exercise: modulation by age.</a> Neuroscience. 103 (3), 703-711 (2001).</li><li>Petzinger, G. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+treadmill+exercise+on+dopaminergic+transmission+in+the+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned+mouse+model+of+basal+ganglia+injury.">Effects of treadmill exercise on dopaminergic transmission in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse model of basal ganglia injury.</a> J. Neurosci. 27 (20), 5291-5300 (2007).</li><li>Yoon, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treadmill+exercise+suppresses+nigrostriatal+dopaminergic+neuronal+loss+in+6-hydroxydopamine-induced+Parkinson's+rats.">Treadmill exercise suppresses nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal loss in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's rats.</a> Neurosci. Lett. 423 (1), 12-17 (2007).</li><li>Collier, T. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging-related+changes+in+the+nigrostriatal+dopamine+system+and+the+response+to+MPTP+in+nonhuman+primates:+Diminished+compensatory+mechanisms+as+a+prelude+to+parkinsonism.">Aging-related changes in the nigrostriatal dopamine system and the response to MPTP in nonhuman primates: Diminished compensatory mechanisms as a prelude to parkinsonism.</a> Neurobiol. Dis. 26 (1), 56-65 (2007).</li><li>Phelan, J. P., Austad, S. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selecting+animal+models+of+human+aging:+inbred+strains+often+exhibit+less+biological+uniformity+than+F1+hybrids.">Selecting animal models of human aging: inbred strains often exhibit less biological uniformity than F1 hybrids.</a> J. Gerontol. 49 (1), B1-B11 (1994).</li><li>Yurek, D. M., Hipkens, S. B., Hebert, M. A., Gash, D. M., Gerhardt, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-related+decline+in+striatal+dopamine+release+and+motoric+function+in+brown+Norway/Fischer+344+hybrid+rats.">Age-related decline in striatal dopamine release and motoric function in brown Norway/Fischer 344 hybrid rats.</a> Brain Res. 791 (1-2), 246-256 (1998).</li><li>Spangler, E. L., Waggie, K. S., Hengemihle, J., Roberts, D., Hess, B., Ingram, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+assessment+of+aging+in+male+Fischer+344+and+brown+Norway+rats+strains+and+their+F1+hybrid.">Behavioral assessment of aging in male Fischer 344 and brown Norway rats strains and their F1 hybrid.</a> Neurobiol. Aging. 15 (3), 319-328 (1994).</li><li>Salvatore, M. F., Pruett, B. S., Spann, S. L., Dempsey, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+reveals+a+role+for+nigral+tyrosine+hydroxylase+ser31+phosphorylation+in+locomotor+activity+generation.">Aging reveals a role for nigral tyrosine hydroxylase ser31 phosphorylation in locomotor activity generation.</a> PLoS One. 4 (1), (2009).</li><li>Pruett, B. S., Salvatore, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GFR+&#945;-1+receptor+expression+in+the+aging+nigrostriatal+and+mesoaccumbens+pathways.">GFR &#945;-1 receptor expression in the aging nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbens pathways.</a> J. Neurochem. 115 (3), 707-715 (2010).</li><li>Salvatore, M. F., Pruett, B. S., Dempsey, C., Fields, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+profiling+of+dopamine+regulation+in+substantia+nigra+and+ventral+tegmental+area.">Comprehensive profiling of dopamine regulation in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (66), e4171 (2012).</li><li>Salvatore, M. F., Pruett, B. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dichotomy+of+tyrosine+hydroxylase+and+dopamine+regulation+between+somatodendritic+and+terminal+field+areas+of+nigrostriatal+and+mesoaccumbens+pathways.">Dichotomy of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine regulation between somatodendritic and terminal field areas of nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbens pathways.</a> PLoS One. 7 (1), e29867 (2012).</li><li>Pruett, B. S., Salvatore, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nigral+GFR+&#945;-1+infusion+in+aged+rats+increases+locomotor+activity,+nigral+tyrosine+hydroxylase,+and+dopamine+content+in+synchronicity.">Nigral GFR &#945;-1 infusion in aged rats increases locomotor activity, nigral tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine content in synchronicity.</a> Mol. Neurobiol. 47 (3), 988-999 (2013).</li><li>Abercrombie, E. D., Zigmond, M. J., Bloom, ,. F. .. E., Kupfer, D. .. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+31:+Modification+of+central+categcholaminergic+systems+by+stress+and+injury:+Functional+significance+and+clinical+implications.">Chapter 31: Modification of central categcholaminergic systems by stress and injury: Functional significance and clinical implications.</a> Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. 31, 355-361 (1995).</li><li>Ong, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurobiological+consequences+of+acute+footshock+stress;+effects+on+tyrosine+hydroxylase+phosphorylation+and+activation+in+the+rat+brain+and+adrenal+medulla.">Neurobiological consequences of acute footshock stress; effects on tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and activation in the rat brain and adrenal medulla.</a> J. Neurochem. , (2013).</li><li>Al-Jarrah, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endurance+exercise+promotes+cardiorespiratory+rehabilitation+without+neurorestoration+in+the+chronic+mouse+model+of+parkinsonism+with+severe+neurodegeneration.">Endurance exercise promotes cardiorespiratory rehabilitation without neurorestoration in the chronic mouse model of parkinsonism with severe neurodegeneration.</a> J. Neurosci. 149 (1), 28-37 (2007).</li><li>Dishman, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurobiology+of+exercise.">Neurobiology of exercise.</a> Obesity. 14 (3), 345-356 (2006).</li></ol>

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

有证据表明，生活方式的策略，如运动，可减少对慢性年龄有关的疾病和其主要症状，包括神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森病20的风险。强制运动在跑步机上的好处，而不是自愿运动在跑轮，是研究者能够确定的频率，速度，和/或运动的强度和持续时间的练习会话。因此，具体的运动后的效果，如增加运动或认知能力，可以预测或预期下给定的方案的工作。此外，强迫跑步机锻?...

非侵入性的生活方式策略，可以防止或减轻损害，以认知和运动，两者常常与衰老有关，是获得牵引力为可行的做法，保持健康和福祉1,2。例如，相比与推进3个年龄相似的中年同行中到严格的训练，每周和一致的基础上的中年男人显著提高运动能力。此外，越来越多的证据表明，这些生活方式的策略，如锻炼，可以减轻或者甚至逆转与神经变性疾病如帕金森氏病（PD）4相关联的损伤。 努力了解的老化相关的损伤的分子机制，也已经朝向确定如何非侵入性策略，如锻炼，逆转或减轻，有助于这类损伤的机制。跑步机运动就是这样的一个STRAT埃及正在越来越多地应用在帕金森病5-7和认知功能障碍1款，其中仍在确定背后的改善运动或认知功能的机制。然而，它指出，老化是帕金森病的神经生物学背景是很重要的。因此，对于人类生存条件，以实现在动物模型中的任何运动利益的任何潜在的翻译必须考虑到老龄化的神经生物学背景。例如，在帕金森病的进展延缓运动障碍的代偿机制可以通过老化8的过程中受到损害。因此，按理说，锻炼范式必须开发，不仅考虑在任一的存在或不存在疾病的病理老化的影响，但也可以发起和维持老年啮齿类动物。 因此，考虑到大鼠品系上的神经生物学背景下老化，在选择应该由调查员进行精心考虑。一些大鼠品系可用于衰老研究，特别是菲舍尔344和布朗挪威/菲舍尔344传真：1（BNF）的混合体。常用只SD大鼠（远交株）也是适合于这种用途，因为它是常用的神经变性疾病模型，如6 - 羟基多巴胺PD模型。我们的实验室在衰老和神经退行性疾病的工作，同时使用只SD和BNF株。在这份报告中，我们将介绍使用结果两个菌株突出我们的工作协议。对于那些研究者严格聚焦于年龄相关的研究中，BNF应变提供了一些重要的优点。第一，它是比较不容易受到老化相关的疾病（如肿瘤），并具有出色的寿命（典型寿命大于30个月）相比于其它菌株。他们也有各种生理和行为的结果9，少变化d为也适合于探讨与衰老过程干预方法。此外，实验中如强迫运动需要相当的处理由研究者和BNF应变的温柔性格是有利的。纹状体和中脑组织多巴胺含量与老化相关的变化，以及自发活动的变化是BNF老鼠和灵长类动物10-11相似。我们的实验室还与表征和操纵纹状体和中脑多巴胺信号和自发活动的BNF应变12-16丰富的经验。因此，由于其他的神经生物学基础疾病的风险随着年龄增加，神经变性疾病的动物模型中应考虑使用啮齿类动物品系与使用在老化研究中的广泛记录。 我们的协议在此也解决了一些关键问题的调查必须考虑在他们的结果obtaine的解释d从演习的协议。啮齿动物跑步机设备（它的使用，我们将在本报告中突出显示），通常配有触电的线圈可以停用跑步机的每条车道的后面。然而，当这些电击线圈被激活时，一个小的电击递送给受试者，因为它来自于与线圈接触。这种策略通常被用在运动的研究，以促进遵守跑步锻炼。这是一个关键点的考虑，特别是对那些参与行为研究调查是由多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的信号的影响。电气电击是一种生理应激，其在两个神经递质系统的影响是证据充分的，与酪氨酸羟化酶17-18的活性增加。因此，无论是增加神经递质的合成可能混淆的任何锻炼效果的诠释，使得研究者负责解释是否有任何在运动后的行为观察到的变化是由于严格的锻炼方案或电击的压力。重要的是，所提出的强制运动疗法不采用使用电击的在跑步机上锻炼的任何点或运动训练时段。 成功的运动疗法也需要遵守最高行使的考试科目。电击的，以实现符合性就业可能混淆实验结果的解释当从属措施涉及神经递质的信号是受电击的影响（如前面所讨论的）。因此，面临的挑战是让啮齿动物，尤其是鼠类岁，符合了运动处方。任何运动养生的理想目标是达到近100％达标，因为这将减少所需完成的运动养生动物的数量。具体而言，最大的合规性锻炼和运动养生的结果的解释可以直接使用作为几个运动前的程序，包括：1）反向明暗周期，使动物在其活动（唤醒）循环锻炼的结果在我们的运动处方得到E，2）确保运动性能基线是之前的隔离等控制和运动组，和3）将所述测试受试者的逐渐引入他们的锻炼方案的要求的适应期。在这里，上述实验的考虑，必须实现近100％达标措施，跑步机锻炼的老年啮齿类动物（&gt; 18月龄）进行评估并提交。最后，与运动相关联的环境中可能是有压力的，因此，本潜在混淆，以确定特定的行使的生理效应。我们的协议还包括在驯化阶段的每一个环节的nonexercise集团控制了暴露在跑步机上的潜在压力诱导的环境（包括MODEST跑步机上运行）和在跑步机上运动训练过程中把他们在固定的跑步机。因此，该协议的目的是描述需要单独确定运动的生理造成影响。

&#160;
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="814">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="6" height="41" rowspan="2" style="height:41px;width:815px;">Table of Specific Materials/Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name of Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td colspan="3">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;">Exer-4 Treadmill for Rats</td>
			<td>Columbus Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td>96157-2</td>
			<td colspan="3" style="width:321px;">Columbus has a variety of treadmills for animals with varying numbers of lanes, and other options such as metabolic measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="59" rowspan="2" style="height:59px;width:211px;">Animal Activity Meter: Opto-Varimex 4-Auto Track&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Columbus Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2">0170-R4</td>
			<td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="width:321px;">Columbus has several options for activity chambers with varying arena sizes, beam spacing, and sensors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

getting to compliance in forced exercise in rodents: a critical standard to evaluate exercise impact in aging-related disorders and disease

有在运动对改善多种疾病有神经生物学基础的积极影响的认识大幅度增加;这些措施包括改善认知功能和物理性能。作为一个结果，存在增加在动物研究中使用的运动的数目。有人认为，强迫运动的一个内在价值是研究者拥有可影响运动对行为结果的影响因素的控制，尤其是运动频率的运动养生的，持续时间和强度。然而，遵从在强制运动疗法可能是一个问题，特别是如果是采用足部电击的潜在的困惑要避免。同样重要的是要考虑到，因为大多数的认知和运动障碍罢工老年个体，确定这些障碍应该考虑使用老年啮齿类动物与合规性的最高级别的运动的影响，以保证测试的苏最小需求bjects。在这里，相关的步骤和要达到近100％符合跑步机锻炼的老年啮齿类动物模型中考虑将介绍和讨论。尽管具体的锻炼方案所采用的调查，我们的协议应该是使用到调查是在强迫运动对衰老相关的损伤，包括老龄化相关的帕金森病和帕金森氏病的潜在影响，特别感兴趣。

在所有三个阶段都被迫锻炼方案的事件的时间线的示意图示于图1中 ，除了反转的光-暗循环，每天处理之前，任何实验测试，并驯化培养，其中受试者坐的第1阶段在固定的跑步机5-10分钟/天，连续3天，实施了以提高符合强制锻炼方案。这些程序被添加到协议中，以尽量减少与新颖的环境相关的应力，并且使受试者会更倾向于上行走的运动跑步机，如果他们已经熟悉的固定装置。这些?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease at JoVE.com

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Exercise may alleviate behavioral impairments associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Studies of the mechanisms underlying exercise-mediated effects have increased in disease models, but the neurobiological background accompanying these diseases, specifically aging, is likely not considered. Here, we illustrate measures to increase the likelihood of a successful exercise paradigm in aged rats.

让合规的强制锻炼鼠害：一项关键的标准在衰老相关的疾病和疾病评估运动的影响

There is a major increase in the awareness of the positive impact of exercise on improving several disease states with neurobiological basis; these ...

getting-to-compliance-forced-exercise-rodents-critical-standard-to

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

14.1K 次观看.  Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Exercise may alleviate behavioral impairments associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Studies of the mechanisms underlying exercise-mediated effects have increased in disease models, but the neurobiological background accompanying these diseases, specifically aging, is likely not considered. Here, we illustrate measures to increase the likelihood of a successful exercise paradigm in aged rats.

视频: Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Exposure to chronic stress is a reliable predictor of depressive disorders, and social stress is a common ethologically relevant stressor in both animals and humans. However, many animal models of depression were developed in males and are not applicable or effective in studies of postpartum females. Recent studies have reported significant effects of chronic social stress during lactation, an ethologically relevant and effective stressor, on maternal behavior, growth, and behavioral neuroendocrinology. This manuscript will describe this chronic social stress paradigm using repeated exposure of a lactating dam to a novel male intruder, and the assessment of the behavioral, physiological, and neuroendocrine effects of this model. Chronic social stress (CSS) is a valuable model for studying the effects of stress on the behavior and physiology of the dam as well as her offspring and future generations. The exposure of pups to CSS can also be used as an early life stress that has long term effects on behavior, physiology, and neuroendocrinology.

This article describes the use of chronic resident intruder social stress as an ethologically relevant paradigm to model postpartum depression and anxiety in lactating rodents.

哺乳期鼠害使用慢性社会压力型号产后抑郁症

Exposure to chronic stress is a reliable predictor of depressive disorders, and social stress is a common ethologically relevant stressor in both animals ...

科研

行为学

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

一致性的任务作为一种手段来获取目标行为的措施中的橡胶手错觉范式Crossmodal

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats

In human drug addicts, exposure to drug-associated cues or environments that were previously associated with drug taking can trigger relapse during abstinence. Moreover, various environmental challenges can exacerbate this effect, as well as increase ongoing drug intake.
The procedure we describe here highlights the impact of a common environmental challenge, food restriction, on drug craving that is expressed as an augmentation of drug seeking in abstinent rats.
Rats are implanted with chronic intravenous i.v. catheters, and then trained to press a lever for i.v. heroin over a period of 10-12 days. Following the heroin self-administration phase the rats are removed from the operant conditioning chambers and housed in the animal care facility for a period of at least 14 days. While one group is maintained under unrestricted access to food (sated group), a second group (FDR group) is exposed to a mild food restriction regimen that results in their body weights maintained at 90% of their nonrestricted body weight. On day 14 of food restriction the rats are transferred back to the drug-training environment, and a drug-seeking test is run under extinction conditions (i.e.&#160;lever presses do not result in heroin delivery).
The procedure presented here results in a highly robust augmentation of heroin seeking on test day in the food restricted rats. In addition, compared to the acute food deprivation manipulations we have used before, the current procedure is a more clinically relevant model for the impact of caloric restriction on drug seeking. Moreover, it might be closer to the human condition as the rats are not required to go through an extinction-training phase before the drug-seeking test, which is an integral component of the popular reinstatement procedure.

A procedure that allows a demonstration of robust augmentation of drug seeking in food-restricted rats is described. Following heroin self-administration training, rats go through an abstinence period, in a drug-free environment, during which they are mildly food restricted. Drug seeking is then tested in the drug-associated environment.

一个过程来研究延长食品的限制对海洛因寻求戒断大鼠的影响

In human drug addicts, exposure to drug-associated cues or environments that were previously associated with drug taking can trigger relapse during ...

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here with the goal of uncovering rhythm disorders, such as beat deafness. Beat deafness is characterized by poor performance in perceiving durations in auditory rhythmic patterns or poor synchronization of movement with auditory rhythms (e.g., with musical beats). These tasks include the synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of simple and complex auditory stimuli and the detection of rhythmic irregularities (anisochrony detection task) embedded in the same stimuli. These tests, which are easy to administer, include an assessment of both perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities under different conditions (e.g., beat rates and types of auditory material) and are based on the same auditory stimuli, ranging from a simple metronome to a complex musical excerpt. The analysis of synchronized tapping data is performed with circular statistics, which provide reliable measures of synchronization accuracy (e.g., the difference between the timing of the taps and the timing of the pacing stimuli) and consistency. Circular statistics on tapping data are particularly well-suited for detecting individual differences in the general population. Synchronized tapping and anisochrony detection are sensitive measures for identifying profiles of rhythm disorders and have been used with success to uncover cases of poor synchronization with spared perceptual timing. This systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing can be extended to populations of patients with brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson&#8217;s disease), and developmental disorders (e.g., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) are presented. Synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of an auditory stimuli and detecting rhythmic irregularities provides a means of uncovering rhythm disorders.

揭开节拍耳聋：检测节律紊乱与同步手指敲击和感知定时任务

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise

Using laboratory mouse models, the molecular pathways responsible for the metabolic benefits of endurance exercise are beginning to be defined. The most common method for assessing exercise endurance in mice utilizes forced running on a motorized treadmill equipped with a shock grid. Animals who quit running are pushed by the moving treadmill belt onto a grid that delivers an electric foot shock; to escape the negative stimulus, the mice return to running on the belt. However, avoidance behavior and psychological stress due to use of a shock apparatus can interfere with quantitation of running endurance, as well as confound measurements of postexercise serum hormone and cytokine levels. Here, we demonstrate and validate a refined method to measure running endurance in na&#239;ve C57BL/6 laboratory mice on a motorized treadmill without utilizing a shock grid. When mice are preacclimated to the treadmill, they run voluntarily with gait speeds specific to each mouse. Use of the shock grid is replaced by gentle encouragement by a human operator using a tongue depressor, coupled with sensitivity to the voluntary willingness to run on the part of the mouse. Clear endpoints for quantifying running time-to-exhaustion for each mouse are defined and reflected in behavioral signs of exhaustion such as splayed posture and labored breathing. This method is a humane refinement which also decreases the confounding effects of stress on experimental parameters.

A method to assess exercise endurance in laboratory mice without the use of a shock grid is demonstrated. This method is a humane refinement that can decrease the confounding effects of stress on experimental parameters.

小鼠运动耐力的评估没有一个冲击电网的使用：另一种强迫运动

Using laboratory mouse models, the molecular pathways responsible for the metabolic benefits of endurance exercise are beginning to be defined. The most ...

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Environmental contexts in which drugs of abuse are consumed can trigger craving, a subjective Pavlovian-conditioned response that can facilitate drug-seeking behavior and prompt relapse in abstinent drug users. We have developed a procedure to study the behavioral and neural processes that mediate the impact of context on alcohol-seeking behavior in rats. Following acclimation to the taste and pharmacological effects of 15% ethanol in the home cage, male Long-Evans rats receive Pavlovian discrimination training (PDT) in conditioning chambers. In each daily (Mon-Fri) PDT session, 16 trials each of two different 10 sec auditory conditioned stimuli occur. During one stimulus, the CS+, 0.2 ml of 15% ethanol is delivered into a fluid port for oral consumption. The second stimulus, the CS-, is not paired with ethanol. Across sessions, entries into the fluid port during the CS+ increase, whereas entries during the CS- stabilize at a lower level, indicating that a predictive association between the CS+ and ethanol is acquired. During PDT each chamber is equipped with a specific configuration of visual, olfactory and tactile contextual stimuli. Following PDT, extinction training is conducted in the same chamber that is now equipped with a different configuration of contextual stimuli. The CS+ and CS- are presented as before, but ethanol is withheld, which causes a gradual decline in port entries during the CS+. At test, rats are placed back into the PDT context and presented with the CS+ and CS- as before, but without ethanol. This manipulation triggers a robust and selective increase in the number of port entries made during the alcohol predictive CS+, with no change in responding during the CS-. This effect, referred to as context-induced renewal, illustrates the powerful capacity of contexts associated with alcohol consumption to stimulate alcohol-seeking behavior in response to Pavlovian alcohol cues.

A procedure to study the capacity of an alcohol associated environmental context to trigger the renewal of alcohol-seeking behavior in rats is described.

一个过程来观察大鼠巴甫洛夫空调酒精寻求行为的背景下引发的重建

Environmental contexts in which drugs of abuse are consumed can trigger craving, a subjective Pavlovian-conditioned response that can facilitate ...

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has been a common tool in medical practice for several decades. It provides a safe and effective method for imaging structures internal to the body. There has been a recent increase in the use of ultrasound technology to visualize the shape and movements of the tongue during speech, both in typical speakers and in clinical populations. Ultrasound imaging of speech has greatly expanded our understanding of how sounds articulated with the tongue (lingual sounds) are produced. Such information can be particularly valuable for speech-language pathologists. Among other advantages, ultrasound images can be used during speech therapy to provide (1) illustrative models of typical (i.e.&#160;&#34;correct&#34;) tongue configurations for speech sounds, and (2) a source of insight into the articulatory nature of deviant productions. The images can also be used as an additional source of feedback for clinical populations learning to distinguish their better productions from their incorrect productions, en route to establishing more effective articulatory habits.
Ultrasound feedback is increasingly used by scientists and clinicians as both the expertise of the users increases and as the expense of the equipment declines. In this tutorial, procedures are presented for collecting ultrasound images of the tongue in a clinical context. We illustrate these procedures in an extended example featuring one common error sound, American English /r/. Images of correct and distorted /r/ are used to demonstrate (1) how to interpret ultrasound images, (2) how to assess tongue shape during production of speech sounds, (3), how to categorize tongue shape errors, and (4), how to provide visual feedback to elicit a more appropriate and functional tongue shape. We present a sample protocol for using real-time ultrasound images of the tongue for visual feedback to remediate speech sound errors. Additionally, example data are shown to illustrate outcomes with the procedure.

Ultrasound imaging can be used to display the shape and movements of the tongue in real time during speech. The images can be used to determine the nature of speech sound errors. Visual feedback of the tongue can be used to facilitate improvements in speech sound production in clinical populations.

舌的超声图像：一个教程评估和修复声音讲话的错误

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has been a common tool in medical practice for several decades. It provides a safe and effective method for imaging ...

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

Exercise training is an important strategy for maintaining health and preventing many chronic diseases. It is the first line of treatment recommended by international guidelines for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, more specifically, lower extremity artery diseases, where the patients' walking capacity is considerably altered, affecting their quality of life. 
Traditionally, both low continuous exercise and interval training have been used. Recently, supramaximal training has also been shown to improve athletes' performances via vascular adaptations, amongst other mechanisms. The combination of this type of training with hypoxia could bring an additional and/or synergic effect, which could be of interest for certain pathologies. Here, we describe how to perform supramaximal intensity training sessions in hypoxia on healthy mice at 150% of their maximal speed, using a motorized treadmill and a hypoxic box. We also show how to dissect the mouse in order to retrieve organs of interest, particularly the pulmonary artery, the abdominal aorta, and the iliac artery. Finally, we show how to perform ex vivo vascular function assessment on the retrieved vessels, using isometric tension studies.

High-intensity training in hypoxia is a protocol that has been proven to induce vascular adaptations potentially beneficial in some patients and to improve athletes&#39; repeated sprint ability. Here, we test the feasibility of training mice using that protocol and identify those vascular adaptations using ex vivo vascular function assessment.

小鼠低血压运动的下位强度及血管功能评估

Exercise training is an important strategy for maintaining health and preventing many chronic diseases. It is the first line of treatment recommended by ...

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

As a systemic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the respiratory system, inducing restless and exercise dyspnea. It also impacts exercise capacity and forms a vicious circle in which it further aggravates the condition of patients and accelerates disease progression. As a functional holistic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises (TCE) play an important role in the rehabilitation of COPD on the basis of adjusting the breath and performing coordinated movements. This study investigates the effects of prescribed pulmonary exercises (which are modified from TCE) on exercise capacity of upper and lower limbs, endurance exercise capacity, and quality of life in stable COPD patients. The goal is to determine the accessibility of these prescribed exercises in COPD rehabilitation. Participants are randomly divided into a non-exercise control group (CG) or prescribed pulmonary exercise group (PG) at a ratio of 1: 1. The PG receives intervention for 60 min twice per day, 7 days a week, for a total of 3 months. The intensity is measured using the Borg category-ratio 10 scale and with a heart-rate monitor. Then, an exercise capacity test and quality of life questionnaire are scheduled at 1 week before and after the formal intervention. After 3 months of intervention, the 30 s arm curl test, 30 s sit-to-stand test, 6 min walking test, and quality of life show significant improvement in COPD patients (p &#60; 0.05). These findings indicate that prescribed pulmonary exercises can be applied as alternative, convenient, and effective home- and community-based exercises for stable COPD patients.

Presented here is a protocol to investigate the effects of home-based prescribed pulmonary exercise in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, which is modified based on traditional Chinese exercises according to dyspnea and limited exercise capacity observed in COPD patients.

稳定慢性阻塞性肺病患者家庭处方肺运动

As a systemic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the respiratory system, inducing restless and exercise dyspnea. It also ...

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

An elevation in cardiac troponin T (cTnT), as a highly specific biomarker of cardiomyocyte damage, after moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MCE) has been described. The exercise-induced cTnT response distorts the diagnostic role of the cTnT assay. Although high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) is growing in popularity and concerns remain about its safety, available data related to cTnT release after HIE is limited, which hampers the use of HIE as a health intervention. Here, we present three representative HIE protocols [traditional HIE (repeated 4 min cycling at 90% V&#775;O2max interspersed with 3 min rest, 200 kJ/session); sprint interval exercise (SIE, repeated 1 min cycling at 120% V&#775;O2max interspersed with 1.5 min rest, 200 kJ/session); and repeated sprint exercise (RSE, 40 x 6 s all-out sprints interspersed with 9 s rest)] and one representative MCE protocol (continuous cycling exercise at an intensity of 60% V&#775;O2max, 200 kJ/session). Forty-seven sedentary, overweight young women were randomly assigned to one of four groups (HIE, SIE, RSE, and MCE). Six bouts of respective exercise were performed by every single group, with each being 48 h apart. Meanwhile, for four groups, the duration of the entire testing period was identical, being 10 days. Before and after the first and final exercise bouts, an assessment was conducted of cTnT. The current study provides a frame of reference giving a clear picture of how a specific exercise session affects the circulating cTnT concentration at the early stage of training. The information may assist with clinical interpretations of post-exercise cTnT elevation and guide the prescription of exercise, especially for HIE.

Here, we present protocols of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise to observe the response of circulating cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration to acute exercise over 10 days. The information may assist with clinical interpretations of post-exercise cTnT elevation and guide the prescription of exercise.

高强度间歇锻炼和中强度连续运动对心脏肌钙蛋白T级在训练早期阶段的影响

An elevation in cardiac troponin T (cTnT), as a highly specific biomarker of cardiomyocyte damage, after moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MCE) has ...