Name: intravital microscopy of leukocyte-endothelial and platelet-leukocyte interactions in mesenterial veins in mice
Uploaded: 2015-08-13T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 12 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intravital Microscopy of Leukocyte-endothelial and Platelet-leukocyte Interactions in Mesenterial Veins in Mice at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DU 1190/3-1).

所有的动物实验均遵照执行与德国动物保护法（TierSchG）。小鼠安置，并按照良好的动物的做法来处理由FELASA（www.felasa.eu/guidelines.php）和国家动物福利的身体GV-SOLAS（www.gv-solas.de/index.html）定义。弗莱堡大学的动物福利委员会以及地方当局（Regierungspräsidium弗赖堡）批准的所有动物实验。 1.动物处理，制备和炎症的感应<ol><li>使用4 - 6的周龄雄性小鼠的16重量范围 - 20克。注意:如果老鼠是老年​​人或较重他们目前周围血管过多的脂肪，限制了显微观察。 </li><li>所有消毒手术前的工具和显微镜下。 </li><li>注射20mg / kg的LPS（脂多糖）腹膜内4至镜检到活小鼠以诱导细菌inflamm事先小时通货膨胀。 </li><li> Prewarm在水浴0.9％盐水溶液在37℃下加湿的塑料腔室和肠系膜组织。 </li><li>麻醉小鼠腹腔注射氯胺酮（100毫克/千克）和赛拉嗪（5毫克/千克）的显微镜过程之前。替代麻醉可以使用， 例如，2％异氟醚吸入。确认正确通过麻醉响应反射性刺激（或趾掐尾以坚定的压力）的损失。 </li><li>用剃须刀脱毛腹部并取出松散的头发用纱布用70％乙醇饱和。 </li><li>适用于鼠标的眼睛兽医药膏，以防止干燥，而在麻醉下。 </li></ol> 2.手术<ol><li>消毒用70％的乙醇的腹部。此方法不是无菌的方法和可能是致命的在实验结束。 </li><li>执行中位数剖腹探查:用小的，弯曲的镊子和小剪刀打开腹部皮肤。确定外延gastrical船只和白线的区域打开腹膜，保护血管。 </li><li>申请几滴预热盐水进入腹腔，以保持组织湿润。 </li><li>标签白细胞和血小板的荧光通过注入50μl的罗丹明6G作为9,10-之前所述（1毫克/毫升）眼眶。 </li><li> Exteriorize ileumand地方它的环中，其直径为10cm的培养皿，并确保通过将37℃，以保持组织湿润预热生理盐水溶液（0.9％），每隔一分钟。 </li></ol> 3.活体显微镜<ol><li>放置鼠标在显微镜下，把肠系膜静脉的直径为200 - 在视中心300微米。选择没有看得见的脂肪周围的船只。 </li><li>请勿触摸肠系膜血管从而避免了血管内皮细胞的刺激。谨慎处理回肠循环。 </li><li>可视化血细胞内皮相互作用与一个倒置或直立显微镜和用显微镜软件的相机。记录血液中的每只小鼠4个不同的脉1分钟的细胞内皮的相互作用。 </li><li>完成成像实验安乐死后的小鼠颈椎脱位。 </li></ol> 4.分析<ol><li>分析离线贯彻和蒙蔽所有参数。使用任何合适的软件程序进行分析。 </li><li>确认稳定interindividually可比的血流状况高时间分辨率电影，短片（最大帧速率）专注于管腔内血细胞流动。 </li><li>量化轧制白细胞数。为此提请通过静脉的垂直线和计数越过这条线在1分钟内所有的白细胞。 </li><li>通过测量一个单一的白细胞需要传递的50微米的距离，而稳定的滚动内皮细胞上的时间确定滚动速度。要做到这一点，画两条垂直线在50微米吨的距离hrough静脉。 <ol><li>测量一个代表白细胞需要从一行除以50微米通过所需要的时间（微米/秒）以获得到other.Calculate白细胞的速度的时间。 </li></ol></li><li>测量白细胞粘附在0.04 mm 2的字段。要做到这一点，绘制边长为200微米到静脉广场。 <ol><li>算上牢固粘附白细胞，定义为不可见的运动进行30秒，这个正方形内。 </li></ol></li><li>计数血小板绑定到一个白细胞量化血小板白细胞相互作用的次数。 </li></ol>

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	<li>Lehr, H. A., Vollmar, B., Vajkoczy, P., Menger, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+fluorescence+microscopy+for+the+study+of+leukocyte+interaction+with+platelets+and+endothelial+cells.">Intravital fluorescence microscopy for the study of leukocyte interaction with platelets and endothelial cells.</a> Methods in enzymology. 300, 462-481 (1999).</li><li>Atherton, A., Born, G. 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The authors have nothing to disclose.

在这里，我们描述了准备和小鼠体内的肠系膜静脉活体显微镜的性能。这种方法使我们有机会直接在活的有机体观察白细胞，内皮细胞和血小板内皮细胞相互作用11。 作为早期对炎症的反应内皮被激活，并与白细胞和血小板产生的滚动，粘附和轮回12相互作用。但白细胞也与血小板形成所谓的相互作用，血小板白细胞复合物，主要是血小板中性粒复合物...

此协议的目的是描述在活的小鼠的炎症性条件下直接观察的白细胞 - 内皮和白细胞 - 血小板相互作用肠系膜静脉的活体显微镜的简化技术。 活体显微镜的开发是为了研究炎性病症1,2，这是不平凡的，但重要的是理解的炎性白细胞募集和作用下在体内白细胞-内皮相互作用。在这个协议中，我们描述了一种基于此前公布的出版物开发。类似于可视化血小板结合在越来越血栓3和平行于什么已经公布早4，形象化肠系膜静脉通过透射光显微镜检查。也有内部的重要显微镜等各种模式，如大鼠5或小鼠肝和大鼠6的提睾肌。肠系膜静脉的活体显微镜已经开发和由几组在以前的研究中的应用。我们已经用这种方法来观察在野生型小鼠和色氨酸hydroxylase1（TPH1）之间白细胞募集的差异 - / - 小鼠，这是不足型非神经元血清素和比较结果，以小鼠的血小板血清素药理学由长期贫应用的选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂氟西汀7。我们也研究白细胞-内皮相互作用后急性氟西汀治疗8。 在这个协议中，我们集中在肠系膜静脉的活体显微镜，因为该模型可迅速地进行，并允许白细胞 - 内皮和血小板白细胞相互作用测量值有效。这是更大的挑战和耗时在其他器官，如骨，肝，皮肤，或提睾肌的活体显微镜。该模式升这里描述是具有炎性刺激物，如腹腔内注射脂多糖challengeing后的理想的炎性细胞 - 细胞相互作用的重现性的评价。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Rhodamine 6G</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>&amp;nbsp;989-38-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 055:B5</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>L2637&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

intravital microscopy of leukocyte-endothelial and platelet-leukocyte interactions in mesenterial veins in mice

活体显微镜是一种可用于研究在不同的区域在活的动物不同的工艺和容器的方法。在这个协议中，我们描述肠系膜静脉的活体显微镜。这可以在时间与重复的结果示出在体内白细胞-内皮相互作用短时间内进行。我们描述了内皮的LPS攻击后的炎性设置。但在此模型中可以应用许多不同类型的炎性病症，如细菌，化学或生物和调查药物的给药以及它们对活的动物直接影响及其对白细胞募集的影响。此协议已被成功地应用到了许多小鼠和它们对血管炎症反应的影响的不同处理。在此，我们描述了通过荧光罗丹明6G标记这些白细胞和血小板的可视化。另外，任何特定的成像可以是PErformed使用有针对性的荧光标记分子。

在这个协议中所描述的实验设置的概述示于图1，它显示了一个鼠标与形象化回肠环和其容器，其可以在活体显微镜进行观察。 图2显示了一定程度的活化在未治疗的动物由于该过程本身。但几乎不存在慢滚动或白细胞相比LPS处理的小鼠的牢固粘结。 图2还示出了活体显微镜在野生型小鼠无论是与氟西汀在饮用水或未经处理的小鼠治疗3周。 图2A-的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intravital Microscopy of Leukocyte-endothelial and Platelet-leukocyte Interactions in Mesenterial Veins in Mice at JoVE.com

Intravital Microscopy of Leukocyte-endothelial and Platelet-leukocyte Interactions in Mesenterial Veins in Mice

This simplified application of intravital microscopy of mesentery veins in mice can be used in different models of inflammation to observe leukocyte-endothelial and platelet-leukocyte interactions.

在Mesenterial静脉的活体显微镜白细胞，内皮细胞和血小板白细胞相互作用小鼠

Intravital microscopy is a method that can be used to investigate different processes in different regions and vessels in living animals. In this ...

intravital-microscopy-leukocyte-endothelial-platelet-leukocyte

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

12.1K 次观看.  Heart Center, University of Freiburg. This simplified application of intravital microscopy of mesentery veins in mice can be used in different models of inflammation to observe leukocyte-endothelial and platelet-leukocyte interactions.

视频: Intravital Microscopy of Leukocyte-endothelial and Platelet-leukocyte Interactions in Mesenterial Veins in Mice

Intravital Microscopy of the Mouse Brain Microcirculation using a Closed Cranial Window

This experimental model was designed to assess the mouse pial microcirculation during acute and chronic, physiological and pathophysiological hemodynamic, inflammatory and metabolic conditions, using in vivo fluorescence microscopy. A closed cranial window is placed over the left parieto-occipital cortex of the mice. Local microcirculation is recorded in real time through the window using epi and fluorescence illumination, and measurements of vessels diameters and red blood cell (RBC) velocities are performed. RBC velocity is measured using real-time cross-correlation and/or fluorescent-labeled erythrocytes. Leukocyte and platelet adherence to pial vessels and assessment of perfusion and vascular leakage are made with the help of fluorescence-labeled markers such as Albumin-FITC and anti-CD45-TxR antibodies. Microcirculation can be repeatedly video-recorded over several days. We used for the first time the close window brain intravital microscopy to study the pial microcirculation to follow dynamic changes during the course of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice and show that expression of CM is associated with microcirculatory dysfunctions characterized by vasoconstriction, profound decrease in blood flow and eventually vascular collapse.

Intravital microscopy to follow temporal and spatial hemodynamic and inflammatory events in the pial microcirculation.

活体鼠脑微循环显微镜使用一个封闭的颅窗口

This experimental model was designed to assess the mouse pial microcirculation during acute and chronic, physiological and pathophysiological hemodynamic, ...

科研

神经科学

Intravital Microscopy of the Inguinal Lymph Node

Lymph nodes (LN's), located throughout the body, are an integral component of the immune system. They serve as a site for induction of adaptive immune response and therefore, the development of effector cells. As such, LNs are key to fighting invading pathogens and maintaining health. The choice of LN to study is dictated by accessibility and the desired model; the inguinal lymph node is well situated and easily supports studies of biologically relevant models of skin and genital mucosal infection.
The inguinal LN, like all LNs, has an extensive microvascular network supplying it with blood. In general, this microvascular network includes the main feed arteriole of the LN that subsequently branches and feeds high endothelial venules (HEVs). HEVs are specialized for facilitating the trafficking of immune cells into the LN during both homeostasis and infection. How HEVs regulate trafficking into the LN under both of these circumstances is an area of intense exploration. The LN feed arteriole, has direct upstream influence on the HEVs and is the main supply of nutrients and cell rich blood into the LN. Furthermore, changes in the feed arteriole are implicated in facilitating induction of adaptive immune response. The LN microvasculature has obvious importance in maintaining an optimal blood supply to the LN and regulating immune cell influx into the LN, which are crucial elements in proper LN function and subsequently immune response. 
The ability to study the LN microvasculature in vivo is key to elucidating how the immune system and the microvasculature interact and influence one another within the LN. Here, we present a method for in vivo imaging of the inguinal lymph node. We focus on imaging of the microvasculature of the LN, paying particular attention to methods that ensure the study of healthy vessels, the ability to maintain imaging of viable vessels over a number of hours, and quantification of vessel magnitude. Methods for perfusion of the microvasculature with vasoactive drugs as well as the potential to trace and quantify cellular traffic are also presented. 
Intravital microscopy of the inguinal LN allows direct evaluation of microvascular functionality and real-time interface of the direct interface between immune cells, the LN, and the microcirculation. This technique potential to be combined with many immunological techniques and fluorescent cell labelling as well as manipulated to study vasculature of other LNs.

A technique for performing intravital microscopy of the inguinal lymph node (LN) is outlined. Such technique allows for real-time, in vivo study of the lymph node microvasculature and structure both during homeostasis and infection. This technique can be adapted to cell trafficking studies and to other lymph node sites.

腹股沟淋巴结的活体显微镜

Lymph nodes (LN's), located throughout the body, are an integral component of the immune system. They serve as a site for induction of adaptive immune ...

免疫与感染

Real-time Imaging of Heterotypic Platelet-neutrophil Interactions on the Activated Endothelium During Vascular Inflammation and Thrombus Formation in Live Mice

Interaction of activated platelets and leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) on the activated endothelium mediates thrombosis and vascular inflammation.1,2 During thrombus formation at the site of arteriolar injury, platelets adherent to the activated endothelium and subendothelial matrix proteins support neutrophil rolling and adhesion.3 Conversely, under venular inflammatory conditions, neutrophils adherent to the activated endothelium can support adhesion and accumulation of circulating platelets. Heterotypic platelet-neutrophil aggregation requires sequential processes by the specific receptor-counter receptor interactions between cells.4 It is known that activated endothelial cells release adhesion molecules such as von Willebrand factor, thereby initiating platelet adhesion and accumulation under high shear conditions.5 Also, activated endothelial cells support neutrophil rolling and adhesion by expressing selectins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), respectively, under low shear conditions.4 Platelet P-selectin interacts with neutrophils through P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), thereby inducing activation of neutrophil &beta;2 integrins and firm adhesion between two cell types. Despite the advances in in vitro experiments in which heterotypic platelet-neutrophil interactions are determined in whole blood or isolated cells,6,7 those studies cannot manipulate oxidant stress conditions during vascular disease. In this report, using fluorescently-labeled, specific antibodies against a mouse platelet and neutrophil marker, we describe a detailed intravital microscopic protocol to monitor heterotypic interactions of platelets and neutrophils on the activated endothelium during TNF-&alpha;-induced inflammation or following laser-induced injury in cremaster muscle microvessels of live mice.

Here we report an experimental technique of fluorescence intravital microscopy to visualize heterotypic platelet-neutrophil interactions on the activated endothelium during vascular inflammation and thrombus formation in live mice. This microscopic technology will be valuable to study the molecular mechanism of vascular disease and to test pharmacologic agents under pathophysiological conditions.

在活体小鼠的血管炎症和血栓形成的异型血小板中性粒细胞被激活的内皮细胞相互作用对实时成像

Interaction of activated platelets and leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) on the activated endothelium mediates thrombosis and vascular inflammation.1,2 ...

Imaging Neutrophils and Monocytes in Mesenteric Veins by Intravital Microscopy on Anaesthetized Mice in Real Time

Efficient immune response is dependent on rapid mobilization of blood leukocytes to the site of infection or injury. Investigating leukocyte migration in vivo is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of leukocyte transendothelial migration and interaction with vascular endothelium. One powerful approach involves intravital microscopy on transgenic mice expressing fluorescent proteins in cells of interest.
Here we present a protocol for imaging monocytes and neutrophils in the CX3CR1gfp/wt mouse i.v. injected with orange dye-labeled neutrophils with an inverted confocal microscope. Time-lapse movies gathered from 30 min&#160;to several hours of imaging allow the analysis of leukocyte behavior in mesenteric veins under both steady state and inflammatory conditions. We also describe the steps to locally induce blood vessel inflammation with TLR2/TLR1 agonist Pam3SK4 and monitor the subsequent recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes.
The presented technique can also be used to monitor other populations of leukocytes and investigate molecules implicated in leukocyte recruitment or trafficking using other stimuli or transgenic mice.

We detail a protocol to monitor the behavior of neutrophils and monocytes in mesenteric veins under steady state and inflammatory conditions using intravital confocal microscopy on anaesthetized mice.

在实时麻醉小鼠成像中性粒细胞和单核细胞在肠系膜静脉用活体显微镜

Efficient immune response is dependent on rapid mobilization of blood leukocytes to the site of infection or injury. Investigating leukocyte migration in ...

Intravital Microscopy of Monocyte Homing and Tumor-Related Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease

The therapeutic goal for peripheral arterial disease and ischemic heart disease is to increase blood flow to ischemic areas caused by hemodynamic stenosis. Vascular surgery is a viable option in selected cases, but for patients without indications for surgery such as progression to rest pain, critical limb ischemia, or major disruptions to life or work, there are few possibilities for mitigating their disease. Cell therapy via monocyte-enhanced perfusion through the stimulation of collateral formation is one of a few non-invasive options.
Our group examines arteriogenesis after monocyte transplantation into mice using the hindlimb ischemia model. Previously, we have demonstrated improvement in hindlimb perfusion using tetanus-stimulated syngeneic monocyte transplantation. In addition to the effects on the collateral formation, tumor growth could be affected by this therapy as well. To investigate these effects, we use a basement membrane-like matrix mouse model by injecting the extracellular matrix of the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma into the flank of the mouse, after occlusion of the femoral artery.
After the artificial tumor studies, we use intravital microscopy to study in vivo tumor-angiogenesis and monocyte homing within collateral arteries. Previous studies have described the histological examination of animal models, which presupposes subsequent analysis to post-mortem artifacts. Our approach visualizes monocyte homing to areas of collateralization in real time sequences, is easy to perform, and investigates the process of arteriogenesis and tumor angiogenesis in vivo.

Monocytes are important mediators of arteriogenesis in the context of peripheral arterial disease. Using a basement membrane-like matrix and intravital microscopy, this protocol investigates monocyte homing and tumor-related angiogenesis after monocyte injection in the femoral artery ligation murine model.

小鼠外周动脉疾病模型中单核细胞归巢和肿瘤相关血管生成的活体显微镜观察

The therapeutic goal for peripheral arterial disease and ischemic heart disease is to increase blood flow to ischemic areas caused by hemodynamic ...

医学

Leukocyte Infiltration of Cremaster Muscle in Mice Assessed by Intravital Microscopy

Intravital microscopy (IVM) is widely used to monitor physiological and pathophysiological processes within the leukocyte recruitment cascade in vivo. The current protocol represents a practical and reproducible method to visualize the leukocyte endothelium interaction leading to leukocyte recruitment in skeletal muscle derived tissue within the intact organism of the mouse. The model is applicable to all fields of research that focus on granulocyte activation and their role in disease.
We provide a step by step protocol to guide through the method and to highlight potential pitfalls and technical difficulties. The protocol covers the following aspects: experimental settings and required material, anesthesia of the mouse, dissection of the cremaster muscle as well as tracheal and carotid cannulation, IVM recordings and offline analysis. Data formats like adherent leukocytes, rolling flux (RF) and rolling flux fraction (RFF) are explained in detail and appropriate applications are discussed. Representative results from dystrophin deficient mdx mice are provided in the results section.
IVM is a powerful tool to assess leukocyte recruitment in an in vivo setting; however, delineating for example endothelial and leukocyte function may require a combination with ex vivo setups like flow chamber experiments. Furthermore, the genetic background of animals of interest may greatly influence baseline recruitment, requiring individual fine tuning of the protocol provided. Despite its limitations, IVM may serve as a platform to readily translate in vitro findings into a living vertebrate organism.

Here, we show how to perform intravital microscopy on post-capillary venules of the mouse cremaster muscle. Commonly applied to different models of inflammation and sepsis, particularly those induced by chemokines and cytokines, we highlight its relevance in the study of muscolopathies involving exaggerated muscular leukocyte infiltration.

通过体内显微镜评估的小鼠中白细胞肌渗透

Intravital microscopy (IVM) is widely used to monitor physiological and pathophysiological processes within the leukocyte recruitment cascade in vivo. The ...

Multiphoton Intravital Imaging for Monitoring Leukocyte Recruitment during Arteriogenesis in a Murine Hindlimb Model

Arteriogenesis strongly depends on leukocyte and platelet recruitment to the perivascular space of growing collateral vessels. The standard approach for analyzing collateral arteries and leukocytes in arteriogenesis is ex vivo (immuno-) histological methodology. However, this technique does not allow the measurement of dynamic processes such as blood flow, shear stress, cell-cell interactions, and particle velocity. This paper presents a protocol to monitor in vivo processes in growing collateral arteries during arteriogenesis utilizing intravital imaging. The method described here is a reliable tool for dynamics measurement and offers a high-contrast analysis with minimal photo-cytotoxicity, provided by multiphoton excitation microscopy. Prior to analyzing growing collateral arteries, arteriogenesis was induced in the adductor muscle of mice by unilateral ligation of the femoral artery.
After the ligation, the preexisting collateral arteries started to grow due to increased shear stress. Twenty-four hours after surgery, the skin and subcutaneous fat above the collateral arteries were removed, constructing a pocket for further analyses. To visualize blood flow and immune cells during in vivo imaging, CD41-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (platelets) and CD45-phycoerythrin (PE) (leukocytes) antibodies were injected intravenously (i.v.) via a catheter placed in the tail vein of a mouse. This article introduces intravital multiphoton imaging as an alternative or in vivo complementation to the commonly used static ex vivo (immuno-) histological analyses to study processes relevant for arteriogenesis. In summary, this paper describes a novel and dynamic in vivo method to investigate immune cell trafficking, blood flow, and shear stress in a hindlimb model of arteriogenesis, which enhances evaluation possibilities notably.

The recruitment of leukocytes and platelets constitutes an essential component necessary for the effective growth of collateral arteries during arteriogenesis. Multiphoton microscopy is an efficient tool for tracking cell dynamics with high spatio-temporal resolution in vivo and less photo-toxicity to study leukocyte recruitment and extravasation during arteriogenesis.

多光子活体成像用于监测小鼠后肢模型中动脉生成过程中白细胞募集

Arteriogenesis strongly depends on leukocyte and platelet recruitment to the perivascular space of growing collateral vessels. The standard approach for ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>内皮 PAR1 在 I/R 损伤期间白细胞粘附和 NET 形成中的作用

Visualization of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Mesenteric Venules After Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Intravital Microscopy

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an acute condition characterized by tissue damage resulting from restricted blood flow to the mesenteric vessels, leading to both local and systemic pathologies with a poor prognosis. Both ischemia and reperfusion trigger a series of cellular and molecular responses, with inflammatory cells serving as key regulators of the pathology. These interactions with the ischemic endothelium are mediated by multiple adhesion receptors. Several animal models have been established to mimic this pathology and investigate the involved molecular pathways. In this study, a microsurgical model of I/R injury is combined with intravital microscopy to visualize leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. This model is applied to transgenic mice deficient in endothelial PAR1 (F2r) to assess the impact of PAR1 on leukocyte rolling and NET formation 1 h after ischemia and immediately following reperfusion. In vivo, Acridine Orange leukocyte staining was employed, and NETs were visualized using a nucleic acid stain. Interestingly, reduced leukocyte adhesion and NET formation were observed in mice lacking the endothelial PAR1 receptor. This model enables the in vivo analysis of key regulators involved in I/R injury.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>通过活体显微镜观察肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤后肠系膜小静脉中中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱的可视化

This protocol presents a method for inducing mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury and visualizing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in mesenteric venules using intravital microscopy. Blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was restricted for 1 h, followed by reperfusion, allowing direct quantification of leukocyte adhesion and NETosis.

通过活体显微镜观察肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤后肠系膜小静脉中中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱的可视化

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an acute condition characterized by tissue damage resulting from restricted blood flow to the mesenteric ...

在Mesenterial静脉的活体显微镜白细胞，内皮细胞和血小板白细胞相互作用小鼠

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活体鼠脑微循环显微镜使用一个封闭的颅窗口

腹股沟淋巴结的活体显微镜

在活体小鼠的血管炎症和血栓形成的异型血小板中性粒细胞被激活的内皮细胞相互作用对实时成像

在实时麻醉小鼠成像中性粒细胞和单核细胞在肠系膜静脉用活体显微镜

小鼠外周动脉疾病模型中单核细胞归巢和肿瘤相关血管生成的活体显微镜观察

通过体内显微镜评估的小鼠中白细胞肌渗透

多光子活体成像用于监测小鼠后肢模型中动脉生成过程中白细胞募集

通过活体显微镜观察肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤后肠系膜小静脉中中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱的可视化

通过活体显微镜观察肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤后肠系膜小静脉中中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱的可视化

通过活体显微镜观察肠系膜缺血再灌注损伤后肠系膜小静脉中中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱的可视化