作者披露了本文研究、作者和/或出版获得以下财政支持：中国国家重点研发计划、2018YFC2000900赠款、中国国家自然科学基金、11802171资助、上海高等院校特聘教授（东方学者）计划、上海工程科学大学人才计划。

1. 制造 CH
<ol><li>编程<ol>
<li>打开 STAT-Ds 615 MP 丝袜软件，选择 普通织物 以创建新的袜子结构。</li>
		<li>按顺序选择以下内容： 双韦尔特1饲料， 转移无模式， 平原医疗腿从双welt 1饲料， 开始脚跟从普通医疗腿， 脚跟和普通医脚的末端， 从普通脚1f开始脚趾， 平原脚趾与罗索和剪辑， 袜子释放不转动设备，和 袜子结束。按 下 OK 按钮以完成袜子设计。</li>
		<li>为针头选择200，并将程序文件导出到 USB 闪存盘上。</li>
		<li>切换到Quasar以更改制造参数，然后单击毕业行中的任何蓝色按钮以打开新窗口。要用不同的结构构建 CH，请在圆柱 S和E列中输入500，然后单击OK以完成设置。</li>
		<li>单击弹性电机行中的任何一个蓝色按钮，打开新窗口，在WELT行和圆柱 S和E柱中输入800个。在医疗腿行中，在S列中输入800，在E列中输入650。然后在脚踝行和S和E列中输入650，然后单击OK以完成设置。</li>
		<li>重复步骤 1.1.4 和 1.1.5。调整毕业时分别输入350和650。分别进入1000和1200在WELT行，并保持脚踝行作为650调整弹性电机。 注：弹性电机可以控制弹性纱线的张力。捏造的 CH 应确保紧绷度逐渐从膝盖增加到脚踝。在这里， 脚踝 中的弹性电机编号是固定的（650），而 WELT 中的弹性电机编号是更改 （800、1000、1200） 以制造不同紧实度的 CH 示例。毕业可以控制整个 CH 样本的环径大小。较大的回路通常会导致较宽松的 CH，而较小的环总是生成紧密的 CH 示例。因此，我们分别输入350，500和650作为毕业。最后，生成具有更改弹性电机和毕业的程序文件。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>针织<ol>
<li>在 CH 制造机上准备地面纱线和弹性烷纱。</li>
		<li>打开机器，插入 USB 闪存盘，并选择从步骤 1.1.3 获得的程序文件。机器将自动制造 CH 样品。按字母顺序排列这些样本从 A 到 I。 注： 表1 显示这些CH样品的制造参数。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. 直接测量
注：在测量前，所有 CH 样品应在标准大气环境中（23 °C，65% 相对湿度 [RH]）条件下进行 24 小时的调节。CH 样本穿在人造下肢上以测试压力值。所有测量应执行三次，以计算平均值并减少误差。
<ol><li>标记 CH 示例上的行。<ol>
<li>将样品放在人工下肢上。</li>
		<li>标记六，均匀间隔，圆线压缩袜子样品敷料从膝盖到脚踝。将这些行编号为 6 行、5 行、4.这些线将 CH 样本分为五个部分，如图 1a 所示。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>压力测量<ol>
<li>要执行压力测量，请将接口压力传感器置于压缩袜子样品前部、后部、中后期和横向方向的第 1 部分之下。</li>
		<li>在测量软件中，选择适当的串行端口COM，并将最低阈值设置为0。</li>
		<li>单击 "开始测量"。实时通道 1+4 将显示压力数据</li>
		<li>当压力稳定时，单击 "停止测量"。该软件将自动导出压力数据。</li>
		<li>将接口按压传感器置于 CH 样品的其他部分下方，并重复步骤 2.2.1=2.2.4。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>对整个 CH 样本进行压力测量后，取出 CH 样本，然后在人工下肢上再装上一个 CH 样本，为下一次测量做好准备。</li>
</ol>3. 间接测量
注：这里的实验测量了圆锥体和圆柱体模型的必要参数。这些参数包含敷料和脱衣 CH 样品的变形和结构参数、厚度、张力。在测量前，所有 CH 样品应在标准大气环境中（23 °C，65% RH）中调节 24 小时。所有测量应执行三次，以计算平均值并减少误差。
<ol><li>CH 样品的结构参数测量<ol>
<li>将 CH 样本放在人工下肢上。</li>
		<li>使用测量带测量样品的总长度 （L）。</li>
		<li>使用拾取玻璃测量每个分区的课程密度和威尔士密度。</li>
		<li>用测量带测量每个圆线的周长（c）。然后，通过平均相邻圆线的周长 （c） 来计算 CH 样本中每个分裂部分的周长 （w）。</li>
		<li>当获得所有结构参数测量后，从肢体中取出样品。然后在人造下肢上再装一个样品，为下一次测量做准备。</li>
		<li>测量脱衣服 CH 样品的每个圆线的周长 （c'）。然后，通过平均相邻圆线的周长来计算 CH 样本中每个分裂部分的周长 （w'）。</li>
		<li>测量脱衣 CH 样本中同一分裂部分的课程密度和威尔士密度。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>厚度测量<ol>
<li>将压缩的袜子样品平滑到厚度表的钢圆桌上。</li>
		<li>打开厚度计，让另一个钢轮慢慢下降，按压到样品片上。屏幕将显示厚度数据 （t）。</li>
		<li>移动示例并重复步骤 3.2.1 和 3.2.2 以测试其他部件的厚度。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>拉伸实验<ol>
<li>沿着标记的圆线切割所有 CH 样本。</li>
		<li>将一块样品夹入拉伸测试仪器中。</li>
		<li>打开软件进行拉伸实验，输入5N作为初始张力，60毫米/分钟作为拉伸速度，200毫米作为初始拉伸长度。保留其他字段的默认设置。</li>
		<li>设置所有测量参数后，单击 START 自动运行拉伸实验。计算机会在屏幕上输出实时应力和应变。当 CH 片被损坏时，拉伸实验将自动停止。</li>
		<li>然后用新的样品片替换破碎的样品，进行下一轮测试，并重复步骤 3.3.3+3.3.4。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. 理论计算
注：在间接测量中采用气缸模型和锥体模型来计算施加的压力。每个 CH 样本被分成五个部分，从膝盖到脚踝。在圆柱体模型中，人肢被描述为具有恒定半径的圆柱体，而圆锥体模型中四肢的半径是可变的。示意图在图 1b 和图 1c 中进行了说明。所有计算步骤都在 Matlab 2018a 中执行，计算程序可以在补充编码文件中找到。
<ol><li>气缸模型<ol>
<li>根据从第 3.1.3=3.1.5 步获得的测量结果，使用以下方程计算穿衣 CH 和脱衣服 CH 之间的周长差（D）： <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/60852/60852equ01.jpg"> 我就是被标记的圆线分开的 CH 片的数量。它根据圆线号编号进行编号。</li>
		<li>使用适当的线性方程，适合第 3.3.4 步获得的压力应变曲线。线性方程的斜度是拉伸模组E。</li>
		<li>使用方程计算敷料 CH（T）中的张力： <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/60852/60852equ02.jpg"> 注：补充表1显示获得的原始拉伸模态E和张力T。</li>
		<li>基于气缸模型和薄壁假设15，表示CH片 i 施加的压力为： <img alt="Equation 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/60852/60852equ03.jpg"> r是分裂部分的半径，等于 <img alt="Equation 5" src="/files/ftp_upload/60852/60852equ05.jpg"> ，t是CH样本的厚度，T是从第4.1.3步计算的张力。</li>
		<li>计算以下步骤 4.1.1=4.1.4 后 CH 件的所有施加压力。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>锥体模型<ol>
<li>通过以下方程14计算 CH 片i施加的压力： <img alt="Equation 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/60852/60852equ04.jpg"> r c是圆线的半径，等于 <img alt="Equation 6" src="/files/ftp_upload/60852/60852equ06.jpg"> ，T是从第 4.1.3 步计算的张力，l是每个分段的长度，可以按l = L/5计算（此处，L是按照步骤 3.1.2 测量的）。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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作者没有什么可透露的。

在这项研究中，我们提供了两种方法来测量CH样品的施加压力，这些方法可用于测量其他服装敷料对皮肤施加的压力。在直接方法中，CH 样本穿在人工下肢上，界面传感器放置在 CH 样本下。压力值可以使用数据收集软件显示在屏幕上。与直接方法相比，我们还提供间接方法。采用了两种涉及气缸模型和锥体模型的理论来计算压力。为了获得压力分布，CH样本通过标记六条均匀间隔的圆线（<strong cla...

压缩袜子 （CH） 对下肢造成压力。它可以按下皮肤，并进一步改变静脉半径。因此，当患者穿着压缩袜子时，静脉血流速度会提高。CH和其他压缩服装可以改善下肢1，2，3，4的静脉循环。治疗性能取决于CH5的压力特性。人们普遍认为，原材料和CH结构对CH压力特性有较大影响。根据一些发表的研究6，CH中的弹性纱线是压力特性的主要原因。例如，Chattopadhyay7通过调整弹性纱线的进料张力，报告了针织圆形拉伸织物的压力特性。此外，Ozbayraktar8还确定弹性烷纱的密度增加，而CH的可扩展性降低。此外，环长9、针织图案9、线性密度的纱线7、10也表现出对压力特性的影响。
提出了一个数值模型来检查CH.拉普拉斯法的压力特性的生成机制，用于预测压力值。托马斯11 号通过将压力、张力和肢体大小相结合，将拉普拉斯法引入压力预测。马克莱夫斯卡12日也报告了类似的工作。为了精确预测织物施加的压力值，他们提出了一个半经验方程，由合适的应力应变方程和Laplace定律组成。此外，梁13 还介绍了杨的模态，以描述CH的拉长。
上述数值研究表明，由于对CH厚度14的无知，实验结果出现了偏差。此外，一些研究人员认为，拉普拉斯定律中涉及的假想圆柱体不适合描述身体四肢，因为从大腿到脚踝的下肢半径不是恒定的，而是逐渐减少。通过结合厚圆柱体理论和拉普拉斯法则，戴尔14和Al Khaburi15，16分别提出了数值模型，以调查CH施加的压力与多层。Sikka17提出了一个新的圆锥体模型，从大腿到脚踝的半径逐渐缩小。
CH固有的压力特性很难定量研究，因为以前研究中的大多数实验性CH通常是商业购买的。图案、纱线、原材料等影响是无法控制的。因此，在这项研究中，实验性CHs是在家里控制制造的。此外，本研究旨在提供两种方法，包括直接方法和间接方法来测量压力特性。在直接方法中，在皮肤和纺织品之间放置一个接口传感器（材料表），以直接测量压力值。另一方面，在间接方法中，首先测量人工下肢上CH样品敷料的张力和一些结构参数。然后，结果被替换到圆锥体模型和气缸模型中以计算压力值。对两种方法获得的压力值进行对比和分析，以找到更合适的模型。所呈现的方法为压缩服装施加的压力的实验测量提供了指导。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Artificial lower limb</td>
			<td>Dayuan, Laizhou Electron Instrument Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>YG065C</td>
			<td>Used for measuring the strength of stockings. The employing test standard is ISO 13934-1-2013, metioned this in section 3.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CH fabrication machine</td>
			<td>Hongda, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>YG14N</td>
			<td>Used for measuring the thickness of stockings, the test standard is ISO 5084:1996, metioned this in section 3.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elastane yarn</td>
			<td>MathWorks, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>2018a</td>
			<td>Used for calculating the pressure, mentioned this in section 4.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FlexiForce interface pressure sensors</td>
			<td>Qile, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>Y115B</td>
			<td>It is composed of magnifying glass with a fixed ruler. Used for counting the loops number per cm in the fabricated CH, metioned this in the sction 3.1.3 and 3.1.7.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FlexiForce measurement software</td>
			<td>Santoni, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>GOAL 615MP</td>
			<td>Used for fabricating stockings, metioned this in section 1.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ground yarn</td>
			<td>Santoni, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>It is a kind of coverd yarn which is composed of 80% rubber and 20% viscose, metioned this in section 1.2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matlab software</td>
			<td>Santoni, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>It is a kind of coverd yarn which is composed of 30% polyamide and 70% cotton, metioned this in section 1.2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mechanical testing instrument and software</td>
			<td>Santoni, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>GOAL 615MP</td>
			<td>Used for programing the fabrication parameters, metioned this in section.1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pick glass</td>
			<td>Shenmei, Inc.</td>
			<td>F002</td>
			<td>A standard artificial femal with 160 cm height. The size was consited with Chinese Standard GB 10000-1988. The artificial femal was made by glass-reinforced plywood and covered by fabric. Mentioned this in section 2.1.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>STAT-Ds 615 MP stocking software</td>
			<td>Tekscan, Inc.</td>
			<td>A201</td>
			<td>Used for measuring the pressure on the skin, metioned this in section 2.2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thickness gauge</td>
			<td>Weike, Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>1lbs</td>
			<td>Used for recording the pressure, metioned this in section 2.2.2-2.2.4.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of compressed hosiery and measurement of its pressure characteristic exerted on the lower limbs

本文通过直接和间接的方法报告了压缩袜子的压力特性测量。在直接方法中，使用接口传感器测量对下肢的压力值。在间接方法中，测试圆锥体和气缸模型所提及的必要参数以计算压力值。必要的参数涉及过程密度、威尔士密度、周长、长度、厚度、张力和压缩袜子的变形。与直接方法的结果相比，间接方法中的锥体模型更适合计算压力值，因为锥体模型考虑了下肢半径从膝盖到脚踝的变化。基于此测量，进一步研究了制造、结构和压力之间的关系。我们发现毕业是改变威尔士密度的主要影响因素。另一方面，弹性电机直接影响课程密度和丝袜的周长。我们报告的工作提供了制造结构压力关系和逐渐压缩的袜子的设计指南。

课程密度逐渐增加，从膝盖到脚踝在 图2a。这是由弹性电机的影响解释的。从膝盖到脚踝，增加的弹性电机逐渐产生从第 5 部分到 CH 制造过程中的第 1 部分的紧张度增加。因此，CH 样本逐渐碎裂，并且在课程方向上每厘米的环数增加。 图2b 中的实验线可分为三组：ABC、DEF、GHI。ABC 集团以最小的毕业价值制造，并获得最高的威尔士密度，而 GHI 组由最?...

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Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

本文通过采用直接和间接的方法，对压缩袜子进行制造、结构和压力测量。

压缩袜子的制造及其下肢压力特性测量

This article reports the pressure characteristic measurement of compressed hosiery via direct and indirect methods. In the direct method, an interface ...

fabrication-compressed-hosiery-measurement-its-pressure

Research

Education

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Mechanical Engineering

Engineering

Unit 1

Analysis and Design of Beams for Bending

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

2.2K 次观看.  Shanghai University of Engineering Science. 本文通过采用直接和间接的方法，对压缩袜子进行制造、结构和压力测量。

视频: Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

High pressure compounds and polymorphs are investigated for a broad range of purposes such as determine structures and processes of deep planetary interiors, design materials with novel properties, understand the mechanical behavior of materials exposed to very high stresses as in explosions or impacts. Synthesis and structural analysis of materials at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature entails remarkable technical challenges. In the laser heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC), very high pressure is generated between the tips of two opposing diamond anvils forced against each other; focused infrared laser beams, shined through the diamonds, allow to reach very high temperatures on samples absorbing the laser radiation. When the LH-DAC is installed in a synchrotron beamline that provides extremely brilliant x-ray radiation, the structure of materials under extreme conditions can be probed in situ. LH-DAC samples, although very small, can show highly variable grain size, phase and chemical composition. In order to obtain the high resolution structural analysis and the most comprehensive characterization of a sample, we collect diffraction data in 2D grids and combine powder, single crystal and multigrain diffraction techniques. Representative results obtained in the synthesis of a new iron oxide, Fe4O5 1 will be shown.

The laser heated diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron micro-diffraction techniques allows researchers to explore the nature and properties of new phases of matter at extreme pressure and temperature (PT) conditions. Heterogeneous samples can be characterized in situ under high pressure by 2D mapping and combined powder, single-crystal and multigrain diffraction approaches.

在极端的压力和温度的合成和Microdiffraction

High pressure compounds and polymorphs are investigated for a broad range of purposes such as determine structures and processes of deep planetary ...

科研

工程学

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST). In this technique the chemical properties of organic photochromic molecules that undergo single-photon reactions are exploited, enabling rapid top-down nanopatterning over large areas at low light intensities, thereby, allowing for the circumvention of the far-field diffraction barrier.4 Simple, cost-effective, high throughput and resolution alternatives to nanopatterning are being explored, such as, two-photon polymerization5,6, beam pen lithography (BPL)7, scanning electron beam lithography (SEBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) patterning. However, multi-photon approaches require high light intensities, which limit their potential for high throughput and offer low image contrast. Although, electron and ion beam lithographic processes offer increased resolution, the serial nature of the process is limited to slow writing speeds, which also prevents patterning of features over large areas. Beam-pen lithography is an approach towards parallel near-field optical lithography. However, the gap between the source of the beam and the surface of the photoresist needs to be controlled extremely precisely for good pattern uniformity and this is very challenging to accomplish for large arrays of beams. Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST) is an alternative optical nanopatterning technique for patterning sub-wavelength features1-3. Since this technique uses single photons instead of electrons, it is extremely fast and does not require high light intensities1-3, opening the door to massive parallelization.

We report that the diffraction limit of conventional optical lithography can be overcome by exploiting the transitions of organic photochromic derivatives induced by their photoisomerization at low light intensities.1-3 This paper outlines our fabrication technique and two locking mechanisms, namely: dissolution of one photoisomer and electrochemical oxidation.

通过光学吸收跃迁图案 - 制备与表征

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical ...

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

Microphones are widely applied to measure pressure fluctuations at the walls of solid bodies immersed in turbulent flows. Turbulent motions with various characteristic length scales can result in pressure fluctuations over a wide frequency range. This property of turbulence requires sensing devices to have sufficient sensitivity over a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, the small characteristic length scales of turbulent structures require small sensing areas and the ability to place the sensors in very close proximity to each other. The complex geometries of the solid bodies, often including large surface curvatures or discontinuities, require the probe to have the ability to be set up in very limited spaces. The development of a remote microphone probe, which is inexpensive, consistent, and repeatable, is described in the present communication. It allows for the measurement of pressure fluctuations with high spatial resolution and dynamic response over a wide range of frequencies. The probe is small enough to be placed within the interior of typical wind tunnel models. The remote microphone probe includes a small, rigid, and hollow tube that penetrates the model surface to form the sensing area. This tube is connected to a standard microphone, at some distance away from the surface, using a "T" junction. An experimental method is introduced to determine the dynamic response of the remote microphone probe. In addition, an analytical method for determining the dynamic response is described. The analytical method can be applied in the design stage to determine the dimensions and properties of the RMP components.

Here, we present a protocol to measure, with high spatial resolution, the unsteady surface pressure in turbulent flows. This method demonstrates the construction of a remote microphone probe (RMP) and the determination of its frequency-dependent, complex transfer function. An analytical determination of the dynamic response is presented and validated.

非定常表面压力的使用远程麦克风探头测量

Microphones are widely applied to measure pressure fluctuations at the walls of solid bodies immersed in turbulent flows. Turbulent motions with various ...

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly scattered dielectric microparticles adhered to a glass substrate are momentarily detached using ultrasonic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). Then, the optical beam focused on a selected particle lifts it up to the optical trap while the vibrationally excited microparticles fall back to the substrate. A particle may be trapped at the nominal focus of the trapping beam or at a position above the focus (referred to here as the levitation position) where gravity provides the restoring force. After the measurement, the trapped particle can be placed at a desired position on the substrate in a controlled manner. 
In this protocol, an experimental procedure for selective optical trap loading in air is outlined. First, the experimental setup is briefly introduced. Second, the design and fabrication of a PZT holder and a sample enclosure are illustrated in detail. The optical trap loading of a selected microparticle is then demonstrated with step-by-step instructions including sample preparation, launching into the trap, and use of electrostatic force to excite particle motion in the trap and measure charge. Finally, we present recorded particle trajectories of Brownian and ballistic motions of a trapped microparticle in air. These trajectories can be used to measure stiffness or to verify optical alignment through time domain and frequency domain analysis. Selective trap loading enables optical tweezers to track a particle and its changes over repeated trap loadings in a reversible manner, thereby enabling studies of particle-surface interaction.

A protocol for launching and stably trapping selected dielectric microparticles in air is presented.

介电微粒的光阱装载在空气中

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly ...

Atmospheric Pressure Fabrication of Large-Sized Single-Layer Rectangular SnSe Flakes

Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for applications in two-dimensional nanoelectronics devices. Although many methods to synthesize SnSe nanocrystals have been developed, a simple way to fabricate large-sized single-layer SnSe flakes remains a great challenge. Herein, we show the experimental method to directly grow large-sized single-layer rectangular SnSe flakes on commonly used SiO2/Si insulating substrates using a straightforward two-step fabrication method in an atmospheric pressure quartz tube furnace system. The single-layer rectangular SnSe flakes with an average thickness of ~6.8 &#197; and lateral dimensions of about 30 &#181;m &#215; 50 &#181;m were fabricated by a combination of vapor transport deposition technique and nitrogen etching route. We characterized the morphology, microstructure, and electrical properties of the rectangular SnSe flakes and obtained excellent crystallinity and good electronic properties. This article about the two-step fabrication method can help researchers grow other similar two-dimensional, large-sized, single-layer materials using an atmospheric pressure system.

A protocol is presented demonstrating a two-step fabrication technique to grow large-sized single-layer rectangular shaped SnSe flakes on low-cost SiO2/Si dielectrics wafers in an atmospheric pressure quartz tube furnace system.

大型单层矩形 SnSe 片的常压制备

Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for ...

Generation of Size-controlled Poly (ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. This paper proposes a semi-three-dimensional (semi-3D) flow-focusing microfluidic chip for droplet formation. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip was fabricated using the multi-layer soft lithography method. Hexadecane containing surfactant was used as the continuous phase, and PEGDA with the ultraviolet (UV) photo-initiator was the dispersed phase. Surfactants allowed the local surface tension to drop and formed a more cusped tip which promoted breaking into tiny micro-droplets. As the pressure of dispersed phase was constant, the size of droplets became smaller with increasing continuous phase pressure before dispersed phase flow was broken off. As a result, droplets with size variation from 1 &#181;m to 80 &#181;m in diameter could be selectively achieved by changing the pressure ratio in two inlet channels, and the average coefficient of variation was estimated to be below 7%. Furthermore, droplets could turn into micro-beads by UV exposure for photo-polymerization. Conjugating biomolecules on such micro-beads surface have many potential applications in the fields of biology and chemistry.

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Here, we present a protocol to illustrate the fabrication processes and verifying experiments of a semi-three-dimensional (semi-3D) flow-focusing microfluidic chip for droplet formation.

Semi-3-Dimensional 流聚焦微流控装置产生尺寸控制的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯液滴

Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. ...

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Flexible non-volatile memories have received much attention as they are applicable for portable smart electronic device in the future, relying on high-density data storage and low-power consumption capabilities. However, the high-quality oxide based nonvolatile memory on flexible substrates is often constrained by the material characteristics and the inevitable high-temperature fabrication process. In this paper, a protocol is proposed to directly grow an epitaxial yet flexible lead zirconium titanate memory element on muscovite mica. The versatile deposition technique and measurement method enable the fabrication of flexible yet single-crystalline non-volatile memory elements necessary for the next generation of smart devices.

In this paper, we present a protocol to directly grow an epitaxial yet flexible lead zirconium titanate memory element on muscovite mica.

基于范德华 Heteroepitaxy 的柔性铁电元件制备及测量方法

Flexible non-volatile memories have received much attention as they are applicable for portable smart electronic device in the future, relying on ...

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, but several challenging points remain, such as a low absorption efficiency due to a thin active layer and low flexibility. We present an advanced method to fabricate a flexible phototransistor array with an improved electrical performance. The outstanding electrical performance is driven by a low dark current owing to deep impurity doping. Stretchable and flexible metal interconnectors simultaneously offer electrical and mechanical stabilities in a highly deformed state. The protocol explicitly describes the fabrication process of the phototransistor using a thin silicon membrane. By measuring I-V characteristics of the completed device in deformed states, we demonstrate that this approach improves the mechanical and electrical stabilities of the phototransistor array. We expect that this approach to a flexible phototransistor can be widely used for the applications of not only next-generation imaging systems/optoelectronics but also wearable devices such as tactile/pressure/temperature sensors and health monitors.

We present a detailed method to fabricate a deformable lateral NIPIN phototransistor array for curved image sensors. The phototransistor array with an open mesh form, which is composed of thin silicon islands and stretchable metal interconnectors, provides flexibility and stretchability. The parameter analyzer characterizes the electrical property of the fabricated phototransistor.

基于侧向 NIPIN Phototransistors 的柔性图像传感器的研制

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, ...

Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate

Manipulation of fluids and particles by acoustic actuation at small scale is aiding the rapid growth of lab-on-a-chip applications. Megahertz-order surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices generate enormous accelerations on their surface, up to 108 m/s2, in turn responsible for many of the observed effects that have come to define acoustofluidics: acoustic streaming and acoustic radiation forces. These effects have been used for particle, cell, and fluid handling at the microscale&#8212;and even at the nanoscale. In this paper we explicitly demonstrate two major fabrication methods of SAW devices on lithium niobate: the details of lift-off and wet etching techniques are described step-by-step. Representative results for the electrode pattern deposited on the substrate as well as the performance of SAW generated on the surface are displayed in detail. Fabrication tricks and troubleshooting are covered as well. This procedure offers a practical protocol for high frequency SAW device fabrication and integration for future microfluidics applications.

Two fabrication techniques, lift-off and wet etching, are described in producing interdigital electrode transducers upon a piezoelectric substrate, lithium niobate, widely used to generate surface acoustic waves now finding broad utility in micro to nanoscale fluidics. The as-produced electrodes are shown to efficiently induce megahertz order Rayleigh surface acoustic waves.&#160;

锂氮化锂表面声波设备的制造

Manipulation of fluids and particles by acoustic actuation at small scale is aiding the rapid growth of lab-on-a-chip applications. Megahertz-order ...

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Resistive switching crossbar architecture is highly desired in the field of digital memories due to low cost and high-density benefits. Different materials show variability in resistive switching properties due to the intrinsic nature of the material used, leading to discrepancies in the field because of underlying operation mechanisms. This highlights a need for a reliable technique to understand mechanisms using nanostructural observations. This protocol explains a detailed process and methodology of in&#160;situ nanostructural analysis as a result of electrical biasing using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It provides visual and reliable evidence of underlying nanostructural changes in real time memory operations. Also included is the methodology of fabrication and electrical characterizations for asymmetric crossbar structures incorporating amorphous vanadium oxide. The protocol explained here for vanadium oxide films can be easily extended to any other materials in a metal-dielectric-metal sandwiched structure. Resistive switching crossbars are predicted to serve the programmable logic and neuromorphic circuits for next-generation memory devices, given the understanding of the operation mechanisms. This protocol reveals the switching mechanism in a reliable, timely, and cost-effective way in any type of resistive switching materials, and thereby predicts the device&#39;s applicability.

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Presented here is a protocol for analyzing nanostructural changes during in&#160;situ biasing with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for a stacked metal-insulator-metal structure. It has significant applications in resistive switching crossbars for the next generation of programmable logic circuits and neuromimicking hardware, to reveal their underlying operation mechanisms and practical applicability.