<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>小鼠肌电图电极的制造和手术植入

<ol>
	<li>Dombeck, D. A., Khabbaz, A. N., Collman, F., Adelman, T. L., Tank, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+large+scale+neural+activity+with+cellular+resolution+in+awake+mobile+mice.">Imaging large scale neural activity with cellular resolution in awake mobile mice.</a> Neuron. 56 (1), 43-57 (2007).</li><li>Guo, Z. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+of+cortical+activity+underlying+a+tactile+decision+in+mice.">Flow of cortical activity underlying a tactile decision in mice.</a> Neuron. 81 (1), 179-194 (2014).</li><li>Guo, J. Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortex+commands+the+performance+of+skilled+movement.">Cortex commands the performance of skilled movement.</a> eLife. 4, e10774 (2015).</li><li>Morandell, K., Huber, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+forelimb+motor+cortex+areas+in+goal+directed+action+in+mice.">The role of forelimb motor cortex areas in goal directed action in mice.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 15759 (2017).</li><li>Gali&#241;anes, G. L., Bonardi, C., Huber, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directional+reaching+for+water+as+a+cortex-dependent+behavioral+framework+for+mice.">Directional reaching for water as a cortex-dependent behavioral framework for mice.</a> Cell Rep. 22 (10), 2767-2783 (2018).</li><li>Evarts, E. V., Tanji, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reflex+and+intended+responses+in+motor+cortex+pyramidal+tract+neurons+of+monkey.">Reflex and intended responses in motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons of monkey.</a> J Neurophysiol. 39 (5), 1069-1080 (1976).</li><li>Hounsgaard, J., Hultborn, H., Jespersen, B., Kiehn, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bistability+of+alpha-motoneurones+in+the+decerebrate+cat+and+in+the+acute+spinal+cat+after+intravenous+5-hydroxytryptophan.">Bistability of alpha-motoneurones in the decerebrate cat and in the acute spinal cat after intravenous 5-hydroxytryptophan.</a> J Physiol. 405, 345-367 (1988).</li><li>Murphy, P. R., Hammond, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+cutaneous+afferents+in+the+control+of+gamma-motoneurones+during+locomotion+in+the+decerebrate+cat.">The role of cutaneous afferents in the control of gamma-motoneurones during locomotion in the decerebrate cat.</a> J Physiol. 434, 529-547 (1991).</li><li>Manuel, M., Chardon, M., Tysseling, V., Heckman, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scaling+of+motor+output,+from+mouse+to+humans.">Scaling of motor output, from mouse to humans.</a> Physiol Bethesda Md. 34 (1), 5-13 (2019).</li><li>Sauerbrei, B. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+pattern+generation+during+dexterous+movement+is+input-driven.">Cortical pattern generation during dexterous movement is input-driven.</a> Nature. 577 (7790), 386-391 (2020).</li><li>Barrett, J. M., Raineri Tapies, M. G., Shepherd, G. M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manual+dexterity+of+mice+during+food-handling+involves+the+thumb+and+a+set+of+fast+basic+movements.">Manual dexterity of mice during food-handling involves the thumb and a set of fast basic movements.</a> PLoS One. 15 (1), e0226774 (2020).</li><li>Serradj, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Task-specific+modulation+of+corticospinal+neuron+activity+during+motor+learning+in+mice.">Task-specific modulation of corticospinal neuron activity during motor learning in mice.</a> Nat Commun. 14, 2708 (2023).</li><li>Scholle, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+surface+EMG+characteristics+from+rat+triceps+brachii+muscle+during+treadmill+locomotion+indicate+selective+recruitment+of+functionally+distinct+muscle+regions.">Spatiotemporal surface EMG characteristics from rat triceps brachii muscle during treadmill locomotion indicate selective recruitment of functionally distinct muscle regions.</a> Exp Brain Res. 138 (1), 26-36 (2001).</li><li>Scholle, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+and+electromyographic+tools+for+characterizing+movement+disorders+in+mice.">Kinematic and electromyographic tools for characterizing movement disorders in mice.</a> Mov Disord off J Mov Disord Soc. 25 (3), 265-274 (2010).</li><li>Pearson, K. G., Acharya, H., Fouad, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+electrode+configuration+for+recording+electromyographic+activity+in+behaving+mice.">A new electrode configuration for recording electromyographic activity in behaving mice.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 148 (1), 36-42 (2005).</li><li>Akay, T., Acharya, H. J., Fouad, K., Pearson, K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+and+electromyographic+characterization+of+mice+lacking+EphA4+receptors.">Behavioral and electromyographic characterization of mice lacking EphA4 receptors.</a> J Neurophysiol. 96 (2), 642-651 (2006).</li><li>Akay, T., Tourtellotte, W. G., Arber, S., Jessell, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Degradation+of+mouse+locomotor+pattern+in+the+absence+of+proprioceptive+sensory+feedback.">Degradation of mouse locomotor pattern in the absence of proprioceptive sensory feedback.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111 (47), 16877-16882 (2014).</li><li>Miri, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behaviorally+selective+engagement+of+short-latency+effector+pathways+by+motor+cortex.">Behaviorally selective engagement of short-latency effector pathways by motor cortex.</a> Neuron. 95 (3), 683-696 (2017).</li><li>Osborne, J., Dudman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIVETS:+A+mechanical+system+for+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+electrophysiology+and+imaging.">RIVETS: A mechanical system for in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology and imaging.</a> PloS One. 9 (2), e89007 (2014).</li><li>Santuz, A., Laflamme, O. D., Akay, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+brain+integrates+proprioceptive+information+to+ensure+robust+locomotion.">The brain integrates proprioceptive information to ensure robust locomotion.</a> J Physiol. 600 (24), 5267-5294 (2022).</li><li>Warriner, C. L., Fageiry, S., Saxena, S., Costa, R. M., Miri, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+cortical+influence+relies+on+task-specific+activity+covariation.">Motor cortical influence relies on task-specific activity covariation.</a> Cell Rep. 40, 111427 (2022).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>#11 Scalpel Blades</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>504170</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>#3 Scalpel Handle</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10003-12</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL Sub-Q Syringe (100 pack)&#160;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>309597</td>
			<td>For administering injectable drugs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-pin connector</td>
			<td>Newark</td>
			<td>33AC2371</td>
			<td>12-pin connector with brass fittings; for EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 G Needles</td>
			<td>Exel International</td>
			<td>26419</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>27 G Needles&#160;</td>
			<td>Exel International</td>
			<td>26426</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3 M Transpore Surgical Tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>1527-0</td>
			<td>For taping animal&#39;s limbs out during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 silk sutures</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>101-2636</td>
			<td>These sutures work well with delicate skin around the wrists&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C&#38;B Metabond Complete Kit</td>
			<td>Pearson Dental</td>
			<td>P16-0126</td>
			<td>Dental cement to affix connector to headplate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL6/J Mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>#000664</td>
			<td>Wild type mice&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbofib 5-CF Tweezers (2)</td>
			<td>Aven tools&#160;</td>
			<td>18762</td>
			<td>Carbon fiber tipped forceps, used to manipulate delicate parts of electrode (stripped or inserted sections)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprodyl (Carprofen) 50 mg/mL Injection</td>
			<td>Ceva Animal Health, LLC</td>
			<td>G43010B</td>
			<td>Injectable analgesic for pain management during and after surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo Micro Needle Holder</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>12060-01</td>
			<td>For suturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo Needle Holder (large)</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>12565-14</td>
			<td>For inserting needle into muscle&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Delicate Bone Scraper</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>10075-16</td>
			<td>To separate skin from underlying tissue&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dietgel 76A Dietary Supplement</td>
			<td>Clear H2O</td>
			<td>72-07-5022</td>
			<td>For post-operative care</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5/45 Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>11251-35</td>
			<td>To remove fascia overlying muscle&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elizabethan collar for mouse</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific Corporation</td>
			<td>EC201V-10</td>
			<td>For post-operative care</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enrofloxacin 2.27%</td>
			<td>Covetrus</td>
			<td>#074743</td>
			<td>Injectable antibiotic for use during and after surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxy gel</td>
			<td>Devcon</td>
			<td>14265</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hopkins Bulldog Clamp (4)</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>10-000-481</td>
			<td>Tissue clamps for headplate implantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane Solution</td>
			<td>Covetrus</td>
			<td>11695067771</td>
			<td>Inhalable anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine Hydrochloride Injectable - 2%</td>
			<td>Covetrus</td>
			<td>#002468</td>
			<td>Topical analgesic for pain management during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical Grade Oxygen</td>
			<td>Airgas</td>
			<td>OX USP200</td>
			<td>For administering isoflurane during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MetriCide 1 Gallon</td>
			<td>Metrex</td>
			<td>10-1400</td>
			<td>Glutaraldehyde solution for cold-sterilization of headplate and electrodes&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MetriTest Strips 1.5%</td>
			<td>Metrex</td>
			<td>10-303</td>
			<td>Test strips for monitoring glutaraldehyde solution (recommended)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model 900LS Small Animal Stereotaxic Instrument</td>
			<td>Kopf Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td>900LS</td>
			<td>Stereotax with lazy susan feature that allows platform rotation during surgery&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA-coated 0.0055&#34; braided stainless steel wire&#160;</td>
			<td>A-M systems&#160;</td>
			<td>793200</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-iodine prep pads</td>
			<td>Dynarex</td>
			<td>1108</td>
			<td>For cleaning skin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puralube Vet Ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>37327</td>
			<td>Eye ointment for surgery&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile alcohol prep pads</td>
			<td>Dynarex</td>
			<td>1113</td>
			<td>For cleaning skin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight fine #5 forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>11295-10</td>
			<td>For curling wire after insertion&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight fine scissors</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>14060-11</td>
			<td>For cutting wire&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Student Vannas Spring Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>91500-09</td>
			<td>For making incisions, trimming fat and fascia, and suturing&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Technik Tweezers 7B-SA (2)</td>
			<td>Aven tools</td>
			<td>18074USA</td>
			<td>Curved blunt forceps, for general use during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triple Antibiotic Ointment</td>
			<td>Walgreens</td>
			<td>975863</td>
			<td>Topical antibiotic for surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>V-1 Tabletop Laboratory Animal Anesthesia System</td>
			<td>VetEquip</td>
			<td>901806</td>
			<td>Contains all necessary equipment for anesthesia induction and scavenging including vaporizer, induction chamber, moveable plastic nose cone, and tubing&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

recording forelimb muscle activity in head&#45;fixed mice with chronically implanted emg electrodes

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: Investigating Mouse Motor Cortex Interactions from Muscle Activity to Neural Dynamics at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:研究从肌肉活动到神经动力学的小鼠运动皮层相互作用

用长期植入的 EMG 电极记录头部固定小鼠的前肢肌肉活动

Powerful genetic and molecular tools available in mouse systems neuroscience research have enabled researchers to interrogate motor system function with ...

recording-forelimb-muscle-activity-head-fixed-mice-with-chronically

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Recording Forelimb Muscle Activity in Head&#45;Fixed Mice with Chronically Implanted EMG Electrodes

1.9K 次观看.  Northwestern University. 我对小鼠运动皮层的各个部分（称为初级和次级运动皮层）如何相互作用以影响不同类型运动中的肌肉活动感兴趣。所以我们知道初级和次级运动皮层都投射到脊髓，但目前尚不清楚它们如何差异性地影响运动。因此，我正在使用这个协议来比较失活初级和次级运动皮层在整个运动过程中对前肢肌肉活动的影响，以了解它们如何差异地控制运动。...

视频: 作者聚焦:研究从肌肉活动到神经动力学的小鼠运动皮层相互作用

Surgical Implantation of Chronic Neural Electrodes for Recording Single Unit Activity and Electrocorticographic Signals

The success of long-term electrophysiological recordings often depends on the quality of the implantation surgery. Here we provide useful information for surgeons who are learning the process of implanting electrode systems. We demonstrate the implantation procedure of both a penetrating and a surface electrode. The surgical process is described from start to finish, including detailed descriptions of each step throughout the procedure. It should also be noted that this video guide is focused towards procedures conducted in rodent models and other small animal models. Modifications of the described procedures are feasible for other animal models.

We provide useful information for surgeons who are learning the process of implanting chronic neural recording electrodes. Techniques for both penetrating and surface electrode systems are described in a rodent animal model.

用于记录单机活动和Electrocorticographic信号的慢性神经电极植入手术

The success of long-term electrophysiological recordings often depends on the quality of the implantation surgery.  Here we provide useful information for ...

科研

神经科学

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also propagation of suprathreshold spiking activity involves populations of neurons. Empirical studies addressing cortical function directly thus require recordings from populations of neurons with high resolution. Here we describe an optical method and a deconvolution algorithm to record neural activity from up to 100 neurons with single-cell and single-spike resolution. This method relies on detection of the transient increases in intracellular somatic calcium concentration associated with suprathreshold electrical spikes (action potentials) in cortical neurons. High temporal resolution of the optical recordings is achieved by a fast random-access scanning technique using acousto-optical deflectors (AODs)1. Two-photon excitation of the calcium-sensitive dye results in high spatial resolution in opaque brain tissue2. Reconstruction of spikes from the fluorescence calcium recordings is achieved by a maximum-likelihood method. Simultaneous electrophysiological and optical recordings indicate that our method reliably detects spikes (&gt;97% spike detection efficiency), has a low rate of false positive spike detection (&lt; 0.003 spikes/sec), and a high temporal precision (about 3 msec) 3. This optical method of spike detection can be used to record neural activity in vitro and in anesthetized animals in vivo3,4.

Understanding the function of the vertebrate central nervous system requires recordings from many neurons because cortical function arises on the level of populations of neurons. Here we describe an optical method to record suprathreshold neural activity with single-cell and single-spike resolution, dithered random-access scanning. This method records somatic fluorescence calcium signals from up to 100 neurons with high temporal resolution. A maximum-likelihood algorithm deconvolves the underlying suprathreshold neural activity from the somatic fluorescence calcium signals. This method reliably detects spikes with high detection efficiency and a low rate of false positives and can be used to study neural populations in vitro and in vivo.

阈上的神经活动的单细胞和单穗的分辨率的光学的方法记录

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar olfactory systems suggesting that the biological approach to chemical sensing has been optimized over evolutionary time1. In the insect olfactory system, odorants are transduced by olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) in the antenna, which convert chemical stimuli into trains of action potentials. Sensory input from the ORNs is then relayed to the antennal lobe (AL; a structure analogous to the vertebrate olfactory bulb). In the AL, neural representations for odors take the form of spatiotemporal firing patterns distributed across ensembles of principal neurons (PNs; also referred to as projection neurons)2,3. The AL output is subsequently processed by Kenyon cells (KCs) in the downstream mushroom body (MB), a structure associated with olfactory memory and learning4,5. Here, we present electrophysiological recording techniques to monitor odor-evoked neural responses in these olfactory circuits.
First, we present a single sensillum recording method to study odor-evoked responses at the level of populations of ORNs6,7. We discuss the use of saline filled sharpened glass pipettes as electrodes to extracellularly monitor ORN responses. Next, we present a method to extracellularly monitor PN responses using a commercial 16-channel electrode3. A similar approach using a custom-made 8-channel twisted wire tetrode is demonstrated for Kenyon cell recordings8. We provide details of our experimental setup and present representative recording traces for each of these techniques.

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

We demonstrate variations of the extracellular multi-unit recording technique to characterize odor-evoked responses in the first three stages of the invertebrate olfactory pathway. These techniques can easily be adapted to examine ensemble activity in other neural systems as well.

多单位记录方法来描述蝗虫的神经活动（<em&gt; Schistocerca美洲</em&gt;）嗅觉电路

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents

When rodents have free access to a running wheel in their home cage, voluntary use of this wheel will depend on the time of day1-5. Nocturnal rodents, including rats, hamsters, and mice, are active during the night and relatively inactive during the day. Many other behavioral and physiological measures also exhibit daily rhythms, but in rodents, running-wheel activity serves as a particularly reliable and convenient measure of the output of the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. In general, through a process called entrainment, the daily pattern of running-wheel activity will naturally align with the environmental light-dark cycle (LD cycle; e.g. 12 hr-light:12 hr-dark). However circadian rhythms are endogenously generated patterns in behavior that exhibit a ~24 hr period, and persist in constant darkness. Thus, in the absence of an LD cycle, the recording and analysis of running-wheel activity can be used to determine the subjective time-of-day. Because these rhythms are directed by the circadian clock the subjective time-of-day is referred to as the circadian time (CT). In contrast, when an LD cycle is present, the time-of-day that is determined by the environmental LD cycle is called the zeitgeber time (ZT).
Although circadian rhythms in running-wheel activity are typically linked to the SCN clock6-8, circadian oscillators in many other regions of the brain and body9-14 could also be involved in the regulation of daily activity rhythms. For instance, daily rhythms in food-anticipatory activity do not require the SCN15,16 and instead, are correlated with changes in the activity of extra-SCN oscillators17-20. Thus, running-wheel activity recordings can provide important behavioral information not only about the output of the master SCN clock, but also on the activity of extra-SCN oscillators. Below we describe the equipment and methods used to record, analyze and display circadian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rodents.

Circadian rhythms in voluntary wheel-running activity in mammals are tightly coupled to the molecular oscillations of a master clock in the brain. As such, these daily rhythms in behavior can be used to study the influence of genetic, pharmacological, and environmental factors on the functioning of this circadian clock.

运行轮活动在啮齿类动物的昼夜节律的记录和分析

When rodents have free access to a running wheel in their home cage, voluntary use of this wheel will depend on the time of day1-5. Nocturnal rodents, ...

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) induces suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. To perform effective actions, the stimulation parameters (e.g., orientation, field strength, and stimulation duration) need to be examined in mice brain slice preparations. Testing and arranging the orientation of the electrode relative to the position of the mice brain slice are feasible. The present method preserves the thalamocingulate pathway to evaluate the effect of DCS on anterior cingulate cortex seizure-like activities. The results of the multichannel array recordings indicated that cathodal DCS significantly decreased the amplitude of the stimulation-evoked responses and duration of 4-aminopyridine and bicuculline-induced seizure-like activity. This study also found that cathodal DCS applications at 15 min caused long-term depression in the thalamocingulate pathway. The present study investigates the effects of DCS on thalamocingulate synaptic plasticity and acute seizure-like activities. The current procedure can test the optimal stimulation parameters including orientation, field strength, and stimulation duration in an in vitro mouse model. Also, the method can evaluate the effects of DCS on cortical seizure-like activities at both the cellular and network levels.

Studies have shown that cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation can produce suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. In this study, an in vitro experimental setup was devised in which the direct-current stimulation and multielectrode array recording of seizure-like activity were evaluated in mice brain slice preparation. The direct-current stimulation parameters were evaluated.

小鼠脑切片准备扣押样活性的直接电流刺激和多电极阵列记录

Cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) induces suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. To perform effective actions, the ...

Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity Combined with Microiontophoretic Application of Neuroactive Substances in Awake Mice

Differences in the activity of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and consequently different neural responses, can be found between anesthetized and awake animals. Therefore, methods allowing the manipulation of synaptic systems in awake animals are required in order to determine the contribution of synaptic inputs to neuronal processing unaffected by anesthetics. Here, we present methodology for the construction of electrodes to simultaneously record extracellular neural activity and release multiple neuroactive substances at the vicinity of the recording sites in awake mice. By combining these procedures, we performed microiontophoretic injections of gabazine to selectively block GABAA receptors in neurons of the inferior colliculus of head-restrained mice. Gabazine successfully modified neural response properties such as the frequency response area and stimulus-specific adaptation. Thus, we demonstrate that our methods are suitable for recording single-unit activity and for dissecting the role of specific neurotransmitter receptors in auditory processing.
The main limitation of the described procedure is the relatively short recording time (~3 hr), which is determined by the level of habituation of the animal to the recording sessions. On the other hand, multiple recording sessions can be performed in the same animal. The advantage of this technique over other experimental procedures used to manipulate the level of neurotransmission or neuromodulation (such as systemic injections or the use of optogenetic models), is that the drug effect is confined to the local synaptic inputs to the target neuron. In addition, the custom-manufacture of electrodes allows adjustment of specific parameters according to the neural structure and type of neuron of interest (such as the tip resistance for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the recordings).

We present methods for the construction of electrodes to simultaneously record extracellular neural activity and release multiple neuroactive substances at the vicinity of the recording sites in awake mice. This technique allows the detailed analysis of putative local synaptic inputs to the neuron of interest.

神经元电活动外记录与神经活性物质在清醒小鼠微电泳应用相结合

Differences in the activity of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and consequently different neural responses, can be found between anesthetized and ...

Dosage-Adjusted Resistance Training in Mice with a Reduced Risk of Muscle Damage

Progressive resistance training (PRT), which involves performing muscle contractions against progressively greater external loads, can increase muscle mass and strength in healthy individuals and in patient populations. There is a need for precision rehabilitation tools to test the safety and effectiveness of PRT to maintain and/or restore muscle mass and strength in preclinical studies on small and large animal models. The PRT methodology and device described in this article can be used to perform dosage-adjusted resistance training (DART). The DART device can be used as a standalone dynamometer to objectively assess the concentric contractile torque generated by the ankle dorsiflexors in mice or can be added to a pre-existing isokinetic dynamometry system. The DART device can be fabricated with a standard 3D printer based on the instructions and open-source 3D print files provided in this work. The article also describes the workflow for a study to compare contraction-induced muscle damage caused by a single bout of DART to muscle damage caused by a comparable bout of isometric contractions (ISOM) in a mouse model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B/R2 (BLAJ mice). The data from eight BLAJ mice (four animals for each condition) suggest that less than 10% of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was damaged from a single bout of DART or ISOM, with DART being less damaging than ISOM.

The present protocol describes a unique technique called dosage-adjusted resistance training (DART), which can be incorporated into precision rehabilitation studies performed in small animals, such as mice.

降低肌肉损伤风险的小鼠剂量调整阻力训练

Progressive resistance training (PRT), which involves performing muscle contractions against progressively greater external loads, can increase muscle ...

Recording Brain Activity with Ear-Electroencephalography

The c-grid (ear-electroencephalography, sold under the name cEEGrid) is an unobtrusive and comfortable electrode array that can be used for investigating brain activity after affixing around the ear. The c-grid is suitable for use outside of the laboratory for long durations, even for the whole day. Various cognitive processes can be studied using these grids, as shown by previous research, including research beyond the lab. To record high-quality ear-EEG data, careful preparation is necessary. In this protocol, we explain the steps needed for its successful implementation. First, how to test the functionality of the grid prior to a recording is shown. Second, a description is provided on how to prepare the participant and how to fit the c-grid, which is the most important step for recording high-quality data. Third, an outline is provided on how to connect the grids to an amplifier and how to check the signal quality. In this protocol, we list best practice recommendations and tips that make c-grid recordings successful. If researchers follow this protocol, they are comprehensively equipped for experimenting with the c-grid both in and beyond the lab.

Presented here is the procedure for using the c-grid (ear-electroencephalography, sold under the name cEEGrid) for recording brain activity in and beyond the lab for extended durations. This protocol describes how to set up these arrays and how to record brain activity using them.

用耳脑电图记录大脑活动

The c-grid (ear-electroencephalography, sold under the name cEEGrid) is an unobtrusive and comfortable electrode array that can be used for investigating ...

小鼠运动皮层中的细胞外电生理记录

Multichannel Extracellular Recording in Freely Moving Mice

The protocol aims to uncover the properties of neuronal firing and network local field potentials (LFPs) in behaving mice carrying out specific tasks by correlating the electrophysiological signals with spontaneous and/or specific behavior. This technique represents a valuable tool in studying the neuronal network activity underlying these behaviors. The article provides a detailed and complete procedure for electrode implantation and consequent extracellular recording in free-moving conscious mice. The study includes a detailed method for implanting the microelectrode arrays, capturing the LFP and neuronal spiking signals in the motor cortex (MC) using a multichannel system, and the subsequent offline data analysis. The advantage of multichannel recording in conscious animals is that a greater number of spiking neurons and neuronal subtypes can be obtained and compared, which allows the evaluation of the relationship between a specific behavior and the associated electrophysiological signals. Notably, the multichannel extracellular recording technique and the data analysis procedure described in the present study can be applied to other brain areas when conducting experiments in behaving mice.

作者聚焦:用于研究自由移动小鼠神经元活动的多通道细胞外记录的进展 

The protocol describes the methodology of extracellular recording in the motor cortex (MC) to reveal extracellular electrophysiological properties in freely moving conscious mice, as well as the data analysis of local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes, which is useful for evaluating the network neural activity underlying behaviors of interest.

自由移动小鼠的多通道细胞外记录

The protocol aims to uncover the properties of neuronal firing and network local field potentials (LFPs) in behaving mice carrying out specific tasks by ...