<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Farelerde Elektromiyografik Elektrotların Üretimi ve Cerrahi İmplantasyonu

<ol>
	<li>Dombeck, D. A., Khabbaz, A. N., Collman, F., Adelman, T. L., Tank, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+large+scale+neural+activity+with+cellular+resolution+in+awake+mobile+mice.">Imaging large scale neural activity with cellular resolution in awake mobile mice.</a> Neuron. 56 (1), 43-57 (2007).</li><li>Guo, Z. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+of+cortical+activity+underlying+a+tactile+decision+in+mice.">Flow of cortical activity underlying a tactile decision in mice.</a> Neuron. 81 (1), 179-194 (2014).</li><li>Guo, J. Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortex+commands+the+performance+of+skilled+movement.">Cortex commands the performance of skilled movement.</a> eLife. 4, e10774 (2015).</li><li>Morandell, K., Huber, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+forelimb+motor+cortex+areas+in+goal+directed+action+in+mice.">The role of forelimb motor cortex areas in goal directed action in mice.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 15759 (2017).</li><li>Gali&#241;anes, G. L., Bonardi, C., Huber, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directional+reaching+for+water+as+a+cortex-dependent+behavioral+framework+for+mice.">Directional reaching for water as a cortex-dependent behavioral framework for mice.</a> Cell Rep. 22 (10), 2767-2783 (2018).</li><li>Evarts, E. V., Tanji, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reflex+and+intended+responses+in+motor+cortex+pyramidal+tract+neurons+of+monkey.">Reflex and intended responses in motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons of monkey.</a> J Neurophysiol. 39 (5), 1069-1080 (1976).</li><li>Hounsgaard, J., Hultborn, H., Jespersen, B., Kiehn, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bistability+of+alpha-motoneurones+in+the+decerebrate+cat+and+in+the+acute+spinal+cat+after+intravenous+5-hydroxytryptophan.">Bistability of alpha-motoneurones in the decerebrate cat and in the acute spinal cat after intravenous 5-hydroxytryptophan.</a> J Physiol. 405, 345-367 (1988).</li><li>Murphy, P. R., Hammond, G. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+pattern+generation+during+dexterous+movement+is+input-driven.">Cortical pattern generation during dexterous movement is input-driven.</a> Nature. 577 (7790), 386-391 (2020).</li><li>Barrett, J. M., Raineri Tapies, M. G., Shepherd, G. M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manual+dexterity+of+mice+during+food-handling+involves+the+thumb+and+a+set+of+fast+basic+movements.">Manual dexterity of mice during food-handling involves the thumb and a set of fast basic movements.</a> PLoS One. 15 (1), e0226774 (2020).</li><li>Serradj, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Task-specific+modulation+of+corticospinal+neuron+activity+during+motor+learning+in+mice.">Task-specific modulation of corticospinal neuron activity during motor learning in mice.</a> Nat Commun. 14, 2708 (2023).</li><li>Scholle, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+surface+EMG+characteristics+from+rat+triceps+brachii+muscle+during+treadmill+locomotion+indicate+selective+recruitment+of+functionally+distinct+muscle+regions.">Spatiotemporal surface EMG characteristics from rat triceps brachii muscle during treadmill locomotion indicate selective recruitment of functionally distinct muscle regions.</a> Exp Brain Res. 138 (1), 26-36 (2001).</li><li>Scholle, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+and+electromyographic+tools+for+characterizing+movement+disorders+in+mice.">Kinematic and electromyographic tools for characterizing movement disorders in mice.</a> Mov Disord off J Mov Disord Soc. 25 (3), 265-274 (2010).</li><li>Pearson, K. G., Acharya, H., Fouad, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+electrode+configuration+for+recording+electromyographic+activity+in+behaving+mice.">A new electrode configuration for recording electromyographic activity in behaving mice.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 148 (1), 36-42 (2005).</li><li>Akay, T., Acharya, H. J., Fouad, K., Pearson, K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+and+electromyographic+characterization+of+mice+lacking+EphA4+receptors.">Behavioral and electromyographic characterization of mice lacking EphA4 receptors.</a> J Neurophysiol. 96 (2), 642-651 (2006).</li><li>Akay, T., Tourtellotte, W. G., Arber, S., Jessell, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Degradation+of+mouse+locomotor+pattern+in+the+absence+of+proprioceptive+sensory+feedback.">Degradation of mouse locomotor pattern in the absence of proprioceptive sensory feedback.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111 (47), 16877-16882 (2014).</li><li>Miri, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behaviorally+selective+engagement+of+short-latency+effector+pathways+by+motor+cortex.">Behaviorally selective engagement of short-latency effector pathways by motor cortex.</a> Neuron. 95 (3), 683-696 (2017).</li><li>Osborne, J., Dudman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIVETS:+A+mechanical+system+for+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+electrophysiology+and+imaging.">RIVETS: A mechanical system for in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology and imaging.</a> PloS One. 9 (2), e89007 (2014).</li><li>Santuz, A., Laflamme, O. D., Akay, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+brain+integrates+proprioceptive+information+to+ensure+robust+locomotion.">The brain integrates proprioceptive information to ensure robust locomotion.</a> J Physiol. 600 (24), 5267-5294 (2022).</li><li>Warriner, C. L., Fageiry, S., Saxena, S., Costa, R. M., Miri, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+cortical+influence+relies+on+task-specific+activity+covariation.">Motor cortical influence relies on task-specific activity covariation.</a> Cell Rep. 40, 111427 (2022).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>#11 Scalpel Blades</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>504170</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>#3 Scalpel Handle</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10003-12</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL Sub-Q Syringe (100 pack)&#160;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>309597</td>
			<td>For administering injectable drugs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-pin connector</td>
			<td>Newark</td>
			<td>33AC2371</td>
			<td>12-pin connector with brass fittings; for EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 G Needles</td>
			<td>Exel International</td>
			<td>26419</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>27 G Needles&#160;</td>
			<td>Exel International</td>
			<td>26426</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3 M Transpore Surgical Tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>1527-0</td>
			<td>For taping animal&#39;s limbs out during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 silk sutures</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>101-2636</td>
			<td>These sutures work well with delicate skin around the wrists&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C&#38;B Metabond Complete Kit</td>
			<td>Pearson Dental</td>
			<td>P16-0126</td>
			<td>Dental cement to affix connector to headplate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL6/J Mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>#000664</td>
			<td>Wild type mice&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbofib 5-CF Tweezers (2)</td>
			<td>Aven tools&#160;</td>
			<td>18762</td>
			<td>Carbon fiber tipped forceps, used to manipulate delicate parts of electrode (stripped or inserted sections)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprodyl (Carprofen) 50 mg/mL Injection</td>
			<td>Ceva Animal Health, LLC</td>
			<td>G43010B</td>
			<td>Injectable analgesic for pain management during and after surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo Micro Needle Holder</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>12060-01</td>
			<td>For suturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo Needle Holder (large)</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>12565-14</td>
			<td>For inserting needle into muscle&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Delicate Bone Scraper</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>10075-16</td>
			<td>To separate skin from underlying tissue&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dietgel 76A Dietary Supplement</td>
			<td>Clear H2O</td>
			<td>72-07-5022</td>
			<td>For post-operative care</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5/45 Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>11251-35</td>
			<td>To remove fascia overlying muscle&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elizabethan collar for mouse</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific Corporation</td>
			<td>EC201V-10</td>
			<td>For post-operative care</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enrofloxacin 2.27%</td>
			<td>Covetrus</td>
			<td>#074743</td>
			<td>Injectable antibiotic for use during and after surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxy gel</td>
			<td>Devcon</td>
			<td>14265</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hopkins Bulldog Clamp (4)</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>10-000-481</td>
			<td>Tissue clamps for headplate implantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane Solution</td>
			<td>Covetrus</td>
			<td>11695067771</td>
			<td>Inhalable anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine Hydrochloride Injectable - 2%</td>
			<td>Covetrus</td>
			<td>#002468</td>
			<td>Topical analgesic for pain management during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical Grade Oxygen</td>
			<td>Airgas</td>
			<td>OX USP200</td>
			<td>For administering isoflurane during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MetriCide 1 Gallon</td>
			<td>Metrex</td>
			<td>10-1400</td>
			<td>Glutaraldehyde solution for cold-sterilization of headplate and electrodes&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MetriTest Strips 1.5%</td>
			<td>Metrex</td>
			<td>10-303</td>
			<td>Test strips for monitoring glutaraldehyde solution (recommended)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model 900LS Small Animal Stereotaxic Instrument</td>
			<td>Kopf Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td>900LS</td>
			<td>Stereotax with lazy susan feature that allows platform rotation during surgery&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA-coated 0.0055&#34; braided stainless steel wire&#160;</td>
			<td>A-M systems&#160;</td>
			<td>793200</td>
			<td>For EMG electrode fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-iodine prep pads</td>
			<td>Dynarex</td>
			<td>1108</td>
			<td>For cleaning skin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puralube Vet Ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>37327</td>
			<td>Eye ointment for surgery&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile alcohol prep pads</td>
			<td>Dynarex</td>
			<td>1113</td>
			<td>For cleaning skin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight fine #5 forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>11295-10</td>
			<td>For curling wire after insertion&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight fine scissors</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>14060-11</td>
			<td>For cutting wire&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Student Vannas Spring Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td>91500-09</td>
			<td>For making incisions, trimming fat and fascia, and suturing&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Technik Tweezers 7B-SA (2)</td>
			<td>Aven tools</td>
			<td>18074USA</td>
			<td>Curved blunt forceps, for general use during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triple Antibiotic Ointment</td>
			<td>Walgreens</td>
			<td>975863</td>
			<td>Topical antibiotic for surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>V-1 Tabletop Laboratory Animal Anesthesia System</td>
			<td>VetEquip</td>
			<td>901806</td>
			<td>Contains all necessary equipment for anesthesia induction and scavenging including vaporizer, induction chamber, moveable plastic nose cone, and tubing&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

recording forelimb muscle activity in head&#45;fixed mice with chronically implanted emg electrodes

In recent decades, mice have become an attractive model organism for studying the mammalian motor system. Common experimental approaches involve head-fixed mice performing motor tasks alongside the monitoring and/or perturbation of neural activity1,2,3,4,5. Motor system studies in larger species (such as cats and primates) have traditionally relied upon electromyography (EMG) to measure motor output directly during such experiments6,7,8. However, recording muscle activity in mice is challenging because their musculature is too small for commercially available EMG electrodes used in large mammal experiments9. Many researchers opt to track limb kinematics through video4,10,11 and/or behavioral performance2,4,12 to probe motor output indirectly, but these methods lack the resolution to detect the millisecond-timescale influence of neural activity and perturbation thereof on muscles. Thus, recording EMG is desirable for researchers interested in direct neural control of muscles.
EMG involves measuring the voltage between two points, typically separated by a short distance roughly parallel to the fibers of the muscle being recorded. EMG electrodes come in surface (or &#34;patch&#34;) and intramuscular (or &#34;needle&#34;) varieties. Surface electrodes are placed atop the skin or overlaid on the muscle tissue and secured with adhesive or suturing. As such, surface electrodes are less invasive than intramuscular electrodes and are most popular with humans, cats, and primates due to their relative ease of use. Surface electrodes have also been used successfully with rats and mice13,14; however, they must be hand-fabricated and surgically implanted under the skin due to the tendency of rodents to try to remove foreign objects while grooming. Intramuscular EMG electrodes, on the other hand, are surgically implanted within the muscle tissue. Because they are engulfed in muscle tissue, they provide high spatial resolution and remain fixed in position indefinitely. Thus, implanted intramuscular EMG electrodes are ideal over surface electrodes for long-term experiments using rodents. To record intramuscular EMG reliably in mice, researchers have developed a method for hand fabricating and implanting EMG electrodes in muscles as small as those in an adult mouse&#39;s forearm. These electrodes enable chronic muscle recording during motor behavior in rodents over several weeks.
The protocol described here is the result of a decade-long refinement of established methods15,16,17,18, which has yielded a procedure for hand fabricating, implanting, and recording from wire EMG electrodes chronically implanted in flexor/extensor muscle pairs of the elbow and wrist in behaving mice. The first section describes the hand fabrication of an electrode set with four electrode pairs and an 8-pin connector&#160;for the head stage interface. The next section details the surgical implantation of the electrodes intramuscularly in upper and lower arm muscles in the same surgery as headplate implantation. Finally, representative recordings from mice performing a variety of behaviors are discussed. Overall, this method is a cost-effective and customizable way to include muscle activity measurements in head-fixed behavior experiments that is ideal for labs with some electrode fabrication experience.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Yazar Spotlight: Kas Aktivitesinden Nöral Dinamiklere Fare Motor Korteks Etkileşimlerinin İncelenmesi

Kronik İmplante EMG Elektrotları ile Başa Sabit Farelerde Ön Ayak Kas Aktivitesinin Kaydedilmesi

I'm interested in how parts of mouse motor cortex, called primary and secondary motor cortex, interact with each other to influence muscle activity during different kinds of movements. So we know that both primary and secondary motor cortex project to the spinal cord, but it's unclear how they differentially influence movement. So I'm using this protocol to compare the effects of inactivating primary and secondary motor cortex on forelimb muscle activity throughout movement to understand how they differentially control movement.The use of forelimb muscle EMG has enabled us to measure the impact of optogenetic inactivation of different motor system regions on motor output. For example, we've been able to show that direct motor cortical influence on muscles is specific to certain motor behaviors and particular muscle activity states during those behaviors. New large-scale multi-electrode arrays like Neuropixels now enable us to record from large neuronal populations across multiple motor system regions simultaneously.Performing EMG recordings during these neural recordings will enable us to characterize how the interactions between these motor system regions depend on muscle activity state.

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: Investigating Mouse Motor Cortex Interactions from Muscle Activity to Neural Dynamics at JoVE.com

Powerful genetic and molecular tools available in mouse systems neuroscience research have enabled researchers to interrogate motor system function with ...

recording-forelimb-muscle-activity-head-fixed-mice-with-chronically

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Recording Forelimb Muscle Activity in Head&#45;Fixed Mice with Chronically Implanted EMG Electrodes

1.1K Görüntüleme.  Northwestern University. Birincil ve ikincil motor korteks olarak adlandırılan fare motor korteksinin parçalarının, farklı hareket türleri sırasında kas aktivitesini etkilemek için birbirleriyle nasıl etkileşime girdiğiyle ilgileniyorum. Bu nedenle, hem birincil hem de ikincil motor korteksin omuriliğe projeksiyon yaptığını biliyoruz, ancak hareketi farklı şekilde nasıl etkiledikleri açık değil. Bu yüzden, birincil ve ikincil motor korteksi inaktive etmenin h...