<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>研究脓毒症诱导的后肢悬吊肌病的小鼠模型

<ol>
	<li>Prescott, H. C., Angus, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhancing+recovery+from+sepsis.">Enhancing recovery from sepsis.</a> JAMA. 319 (1), 62-75 (2018).</li><li>Stortz, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Benchmarking+clinical+outcomes+and+the+immunocatabolic+phenotype+of+chronic+critical+illness+after+sepsis+in+surgical+intensive+care+unit+patients.">Benchmarking clinical outcomes and the immunocatabolic phenotype of chronic critical illness after sepsis in surgical intensive care unit patients.</a> J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 84 (2), 342-349 (2018).</li><li>Laitano, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+hindlimb+disuse+on+sepsis-induced+myopathy+in+mice.">The impact of hindlimb disuse on sepsis-induced myopathy in mice.</a> Physiological Rep. 9 (14), e14979 (2021).</li><li>Callahan, L. A., Supinski, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sepsis-induced+myopathy.">Sepsis-induced myopathy.</a> Crit Care Med. 37, S354-S367 (2009).</li><li>Cuthbertson, B. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mortality+and+quality+of+life+in+the+five+years+after+severe+sepsis.">Mortality and quality of life in the five years after severe sepsis.</a> Crit Care. 17 (2), R70 (2013).</li><li>Schmitt, R. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+stem+cells+contribute+to+long-term+tissue+repletion+following+surgical+sepsis.">Muscle stem cells contribute to long-term tissue repletion following surgical sepsis.</a> J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 14 (3), 1424-1440 (2023).</li><li>Owen, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+muscle+weakness+and+mitochondrial+dysfunction+in+the+absence+of+sustained+atrophy+in+a+preclinical+sepsis+model.">Chronic muscle weakness and mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of sustained atrophy in a preclinical sepsis model.</a> eLife. 8, e49920 (2019).</li><li>Chen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+senescence+implicated+in+sepsis-induced+muscle+weakness+and+ameliorated+with+metformin.">Cellular senescence implicated in sepsis-induced muscle weakness and ameliorated with metformin.</a> Shock. 59 (4), 646 (2023).</li><li>Granger, J. I., Ratti, P. L., Datta, S. C., Raymond, R. M., Opp, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sepsis-induced+morbidity+in+mice:+effects+on+body+temperature,+body+weight,+cage+activity,+social+behavior+and+cytokines+in+brain.">Sepsis-induced morbidity in mice: effects on body temperature, body weight, cage activity, social behavior and cytokines in brain.</a> Psychoneuroendocrinology. 38 (7), 1047-1057 (2013).</li><li>Ruiz, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sepsis+modeling+in+mice:+ligation+length+is+a+major+severity+factor+in+cecal+ligation+and+puncture.">Sepsis modeling in mice: ligation length is a major severity factor in cecal ligation and puncture.</a> Intensive Care Med Exp. 4 (1), 22 (2016).</li><li>Laitano, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Xiphoid+surface+temperature+predicts+mortality+in+a+murine+model+of+septic+shock.">Xiphoid surface temperature predicts mortality in a murine model of septic shock.</a> Shock (Augusta, Ga). 50 (2), 226-232 (2018).</li><li>Park, S., Brisson, B. K., Liu, M., Spinazzola, J. M., Barton, E. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mature+IGF-I+excels+in+promoting+functional+muscle+recovery+from+disuse+atrophy+compared+with+pro-IGF-IA.">Mature IGF-I excels in promoting functional muscle recovery from disuse atrophy compared with pro-IGF-IA.</a> J App Physiol. 116 (7), 797-806 (2013).</li><li>Spradlin, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+muscle+Igf1+exacerbates+disuse+atrophy+weakness+in+mice.">Deletion of muscle Igf1 exacerbates disuse atrophy weakness in mice.</a> J App Physiol. 131 (3), 881-894 (2021).</li><li>Shrum, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+robust+scoring+system+to+evaluate+sepsis+severity+in+an+animal+model.">A robust scoring system to evaluate sepsis severity in an animal model.</a> BMC Res Notes. 7 (1), 233 (2014).</li><li>Mai, S. H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Body+temperature+and+mouse+scoring+systems+as+surrogate+markers+of+death+in+cecal+ligation+and+puncture+sepsis.">Body temperature and mouse scoring systems as surrogate markers of death in cecal ligation and puncture sepsis.</a> Intensive Care Med Exp. 6 (1), 20 (2018).</li><li>Vankrunkelsven, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+muscle+weakness+in+a+mouse+model+of+critical+illness:+does+fibroblast+growth+factor+21+play+a+role.">Development of muscle weakness in a mouse model of critical illness: does fibroblast growth factor 21 play a role.</a> Skelet Muscle. 13 (1), 12 (2023).</li><li>Supinski, G., Stofan, D., Nethery, D., Szweda, L., DiMarco, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apocynin+improves+diaphragmatic+function+after+endotoxin+administration.">Apocynin improves diaphragmatic function after endotoxin administration.</a> J Appl Physiol. 87 (2), 776-782 (1999).</li><li>Li, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sepsis+leads+to+impaired+mitochondrial+calcium+uptake+and+skeletal+muscle+weakness+by+reducing+the+micu1:mcu+protein+ratio.">Sepsis leads to impaired mitochondrial calcium uptake and skeletal muscle weakness by reducing the micu1:mcu protein ratio.</a> Shock (Augusta, Ga). 60 (5), 698-706 (2023).</li><li>Wang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+NAT10+protects+against+sepsis-induced+skeletal+muscle+atrophy+by+inhibiting+ROS/NLRP3.">Targeting NAT10 protects against sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting ROS/NLRP3.</a> Life Sci. 330, 121948 (2023).</li><li>Mankowski, R. T., Laitano, O., Clanton, T. L., Brakenridge, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathophysiology+and+treatment+strategies+of+acute+myopathy+and+muscle+wasting+after+sepsis.">Pathophysiology and treatment strategies of acute myopathy and muscle wasting after sepsis.</a> J Clinical Med. 10 (9), 1874 (2021).</li><li>Oliveira, J. R. S., Mohamed, J. S., Myers, M., Brooks, M. J., Alway, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+hindlimb+suspension+and+reloading+on+gastrocnemius+and+soleus+muscle+mass+and+function+in+geriatric+mice.">Effects of hindlimb suspension and reloading on gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass and function in geriatric mice.</a> Exp Gerontol. 115, 19-31 (2019).</li><li>Ashare, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insulin-like+growth+factor-1+improves+survival+in+sepsis+via+enhanced+hepatic+bacterial+clearance.">Insulin-like growth factor-1 improves survival in sepsis via enhanced hepatic bacterial clearance.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 178 (2), 149-157 (2008).</li><li>Starr, M. E., Saito, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-related+increase+in+food+spilling+by+laboratory+mice+may+lead+to+significant+overestimation+of+actual+food+consumption:+implications+for+studies+on+dietary+restriction,+metabolism,+and+dose+calculations.">Age-related increase in food spilling by laboratory mice may lead to significant overestimation of actual food consumption: implications for studies on dietary restriction, metabolism, and dose calculations.</a> J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 67 (10), 1043-1048 (2012).</li><li>Crowell, K. T., Soybel, D. I., Lang, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restorative+mechanisms+regulating+protein+balance+in+skeletal+muscle+during+recovery+from+sepsis.">Restorative mechanisms regulating protein balance in skeletal muscle during recovery from sepsis.</a> Shock. 47 (4), 463-473 (2017).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 Ethicon Coated Vicryl</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>D5792</td>
			<td>Absorbable suture used for closure of muscle layer and for ligation of the cecum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 Ethilon Black 18&#34;&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>662G</td>
			<td>Non absorbable suture for closure of the skin layer.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD&#160; PrecisionGlide Needle 26-28 G</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305136 for 27g needle</td>
			<td>Needle for puncturing the cecum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6J mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory&#160;</td>
			<td>strain #000664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton Tipped Applicators</td>
			<td>Puritan</td>
			<td>S-18991</td>
			<td>Swabs for topical application of iodine.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryostat</td>
			<td>(Leica CM1950)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynarex Povidone Iodine Prep Solution</td>
			<td>Dynarex</td>
			<td>1415</td>
			<td>Topical Antiseptic Liquid for Skin and Mucosa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 200 Proof (100%)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To make 70% ethanol for cleaning skin.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hindlimb Suspension Cages</td>
			<td>Custom Made</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>These custom made cages will be highlighted in the video recordings of the MS.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optixcare Eye Lube</td>
			<td>Optixcare</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Eye lube for protection during survival surgery.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blades #11</td>
			<td>Fine Science</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Blade used to make incisions on skin and muscle.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Skin-Trac</td>
			<td>Zimmer</td>
			<td>736579</td>
			<td>Foam tape for fixing the tail to the suspension apparatus.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SomnoSuite Low-Flow Digital Vaporizer</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific Corporation</td>
			<td>SS-01</td>
			<td>Vaporizer for Isoflurane Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue bath apparatus&#160;</td>
			<td>Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td>Model 800A, Dual Mode Muscle Lever 300C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a preclinical model of sepsis-induced myopathy with disuse in mice

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:脓毒症诱导的肌病和单细胞代谢分析的高级集成模型

脓毒症诱导的小鼠废用肌病的临床前模型

Sepsis is a major cause of in-hospital deaths. Improvements in treatment result in a greater number of sepsis survivors. Approximately 75% of the ...

a-preclinical-model-of-sepsis-induced-myopathy-with-disuse-in-mice

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice

534 次观看.  University of Florida. 我们的研究重点是了解脓毒症诱发的肌病背后的机制。目前的模型忽略了废弃部分，这对于阅读不良的脓毒症患者至关重要。我们的目标是整合这方面以获得更准确的疾病模型。通过将盲肠结扎和穿刺模型与高肢悬吊相结合，我们显着推动了该领域的发展。这种综合方法使我们能够研究脓毒症的系统效应以及肌肉滥用对脓毒症诱发的肌病的影响...

视频: 作者聚焦:脓毒症诱导的肌病和单细胞代谢分析的高级集成模型

Gene Transfer for Ischemic Heart Failure in a Preclinical Model

Various emerging technologies are being developed for patients with heart failure. Well-established preclinical evaluations are necessary to determine their efficacy and safety.
Gene therapy using viral vectors is one of the most promising approaches for treating cardiac diseases. Viral delivery of various different genes by changing the carrier gene has immeasurable therapeutic potential.
In this video, the full process of an animal model of heart failure creation followed by gene transfer is presented using a swine model. First, myocardial infarction is created by occluding the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Heart remodeling results in chronic heart failure. Unique to our model is a fairly large scar which truly reflects patients with severe heart failure who require aggressive therapy for positive outcomes. After myocardial infarct creation and development of scar tissue, an intracoronary injection of virus is demonstrated with simultaneous nitroglycerine infusion. Our injection method provides simple and efficient gene transfer with enhanced gene expression. This combination of a myocardial infarct swine model with intracoronary virus delivery has proven to be a consistent and reproducible methodology, which helps not only to test the effect of individual gene, but also compare the efficacy of many genes as therapeutic candidates.

A method of gene transfer for the treatment of ischemic heart failure is described using a swine model of myocardial infarction. Our simple and reproducible method enables us to readily evaluate the efficacy of various gene transfers with a very simple and reproducible way.

缺血性心力衰竭在临床前模型的转基因

Various emerging technologies are being developed for patients with heart failure. Well-established preclinical evaluations are necessary to determine ...

科研

医学

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, murine pancreatic tumor model of hepatic metastases via a hemispleen injection of syngeneic murine pancreatic tumor cells is described. This model mimics many of the clinical conditions in patients with metastatic disease to the liver. Mice consistently develop metastases in the liver allowing for investigation of the metastatic process, experimental therapy testing, and tumor immunology research.

A preclinical, murine model of hepatic metastases performed via a hemispleen injection technique.

肝转移的临床前小鼠模型

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study model. As the use of mouse models are often a vital step in preclinical drug discovery and drug development1-8, it is necessary to design a system to introduce drugs into mice in a uniform, reproducible manner. Ideally, the system should permit the collection of blood samples at regular intervals over a set time course. The ability to measure drug concentrations by mass-spectrometry, has allowed investigators to follow the changes in plasma drug levels over time in individual mice1, 9, 10. In this study, paclitaxel was introduced into transgenic mice as a continuous arterial infusion over three hours, while blood samples were simultaneously taken by retro-orbital bleeds at set time points. Carotid artery infusions are a potential alternative to jugular vein infusions, when factors such as mammary tumors or other obstructions make jugular infusions impractical. Using this technique, paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and tissue achieved similar levels as compared to jugular infusion. In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to successfully catheterize the carotid artery by preparing an optimized catheter for the individual mouse model, then show how to insert and secure the catheter into the mouse carotid artery, thread the end of the catheter out through the back of the mouse&#8217;s neck, and hook the mouse to a pump to deliver a controlled rate of drug influx. Multiple low volume retro-orbital bleeds allow for analysis of plasma drug concentrations over time.

This method was developed with the goal of delivering a steady drug solution via the carotid artery, to assess the pharmacokinetics of novel drugs in mouse models.

颈动脉输液的紫杉烷类化合物在小鼠体内的药代动力学和药效学分析

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice

While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone trauma often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all limb bone fractures fail to heal completely due to the extent of the trauma, disease, or age of the patient. Our ability to improve bone regenerative strategies is critically dependent on the ability to mimic serious bone trauma in test animals, but the generation and stabilization of large bone lesions is technically challenging. In most cases, serious long bone trauma is mimicked experimentally by establishing a defect that will not naturally heal. This is achieved by complete removal of a bone segment that is larger than 1.5 times the diameter of the bone cross-section. The bone is then stabilized with a metal implant to maintain proper orientation of the fracture edges and allow for mobility. 
Due to their small size and the fragility of their long bones, establishment of such lesions in mice are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. As such, long bone defect models are confined to rats and larger animals. Nevertheless, mice afford significant research advantages in that they can be genetically modified and bred as immune-compromised strains that do not reject human cells and tissue.
Herein, we demonstrate a technique that facilitates the generation of a segmental defect in mouse femora using standard laboratory and veterinary equipment. With practice, fabrication of the fixation device and surgical implantation is feasible for the majority of trained veterinarians and animal research personnel. Using example data, we also provide methodologies for the quantitative analysis of bone healing for the model.

Animal models are frequently employed to mimic serious bone injury in biomedical research. Due to their small size, establishment of stabilized bone lesions in mice are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. Herein, we describe a simple method for establishing and analyzing experimental femoral defects in mice.

一个简单的临界尺寸股骨缺损模型小鼠

While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone trauma often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all ...

A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of knowledge on the injury and its effects. To develop a better understanding of concussions, animals are often used because they provide a controlled, rigorous, and efficient model. Studies have adapted traditional animal models to perform mTBI to stimulate mild injury severity by changing the injury parameters. These models have been used because they can produce morphologically similar brain injuries to the clinical condition and provide a spectrum of injury severities. However, they are limited in their ability to present the identical features of injuries in patients. Using a traditional impact system, a repetitive concussive injury (rCHI) model can induce mild to moderate human-like concussion. The injury degree can be determined by measuring the period of loss of consciousness (LOC) with a sign of a transient termination of breathing. The rCHI model is beneficial to use for its accuracy and simplicity in determining mTBI effects and potential treatments.

Concussion presents the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Therefore, a repetitive concussive animal model, which replicates the important features of an injury in patients, may provide a means to study concussion in a rigorous, controlled, and efficient manner.

重复震荡颅脑损伤模型小鼠

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of ...

Induction of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Mice: The "Wire-Injury" Model

Atherosclerosis is a proliferative fibro-inflammatory disease developing in the arterial wall, inducing a deficient blood flow or a lack of blood flow. Moreover, by rupture of the defective vascular wall, atherosclerosis induces occlusive thrombus formation, which represents the main cause of myocardial infarction or stroke and the most frequent cause of death. Despite the advances in the cardiovascular field, many questions remain unanswered, and additional basic research is essential to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms during atherosclerosis and its effects. Due to limited clinical studies, there is a need for representative animal models recreating atherosclerotic conditions such as neointima formation after stent implantation, balloon angioplasty, or endarterectomy. Since the mouse presents many advantages and is the most frequently used model for studying molecular processes, the current study proposes an invasive procedure of endothelial denudation, also known as the wire-injury model, which is representative of the human condition of neointima formation in arteries after revascularization procedures.

This study describes an invasive procedure for the induction of accelerated atherosclerosis in mice. In comparison to other methods using electric- or cryo-induced injury, mechanical-induced injury mimics the human condition of restenosis after revascularization therapies and is ideal for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved.

小鼠加速动脉硬化的诱导:"电线损伤"模型

Atherosclerosis is a proliferative fibro-inflammatory disease developing in the arterial wall, inducing a deficient blood flow or a lack of blood flow. ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Reliable experimental stroke models are crucial for the progression of potential treatments. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is clinically relevant and the most frequently used surgical model of ischemic stroke in rodents. However, the outcomes of this model, such as lesion volume, are associated with high levels of variability, particularly in mice. The alternative MCAO model described here allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the increased perfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, using a tissue pad with fibrinogen-based sealant to repair the vessel, and the improved welfare of the mice by avoiding external carotid artery (ECA) ligation. This reduces the reliance on the Circle of Willis, which is known to be highly anatomically variable in mice. Representative data show that using this alternative surgical approach decreases the variability in lesion volumes between the traditional MCAO approach and the alternative approach described here.

Intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is the most frequently used in vivo model of experimental stroke in rodents. An alternative surgical approach to allow common carotid artery repair is performed here, which allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery and a full reperfusion to the middle cerebral artery territory.

颅内动脉闭塞允许经普通颈动脉修复再灌注的研究

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...

Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Various methods have been proposed to record this spontaneous activity and to evaluate drug effects, but many of these methods suffer from limited throughput and/or physiological relevance. We developed a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on hiPSC-CM's beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader. We describe how to prepare the cell plates and the compound plates and how to run the automated assay to achieve high sensitivity and reproducibility. We also describe how to transform and analyze the fluorescence data to provide reliable measures of drug effects on spontaneous rhythm. This assay can be used in drug discovery programs to guide chemical optimization away from, or toward, compounds affecting human cardiac function.

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells are useful models of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Here we present a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader.

温度控制384孔板中用 Ca 敏感荧光染料测定人 iPSC 的心肌细胞较多的收缩

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac ...

Preclinical Model of Hind Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Rabbits

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular disease is the development of ischemia. In severe cases, patients can develop critical limb ischemia in which they experience constant pain and an increased risk of limb amputation. Current therapies for peripheral ischemia include bypass surgery or percutaneous interventions such as angioplasty with stenting or atherectomy to restore blood flow. However, these treatments often fail to the continued progression of vascular disease or restenosis or are contraindicated due to the overall poor health of the patient. A promising potential approach to treat peripheral ischemia involves the induction of therapeutic neovascularization to allow the patient to develop collateral vasculature. This newly formed network alleviates peripheral ischemia by restoring perfusion to the affected area. The most frequently employed preclinical model for peripheral ischemia utilizes the creation of hind limb ischemia in healthy rabbits through femoral artery ligation. In the past, however, there has been a strong disconnect between the success of preclinical studies and the failure of clinical trials regarding treatments for peripheral ischemia. Healthy animals typically have robust vascular regeneration in response to surgically induced ischemia, in contrast to the reduced vascularity and regeneration in patients with chronic peripheral ischemia. Here, we describe an optimized animal model for peripheral ischemia in rabbits that includes hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This model has reduced collateral formation and blood pressure recovery in comparison to a model with a higher cholesterol diet. Thus, the model may provide better correlation with human patients with compromised angiogenesis from the common co-morbidities that accompany peripheral vascular disease.

We describe a surgical procedure used to induce peripheral ischemia in rabbits with hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This surgery acts as a preclinical model for conditions experienced in peripheral artery disease in patients. Angiography is also described as a means to measure the extent of introduced ischemia and recovery of perfusion.

糖尿病家兔欣德肢体缺血的临床前模型

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular ...