在Teitell实验室的人类胚胎干细胞研究是由加州再生医学研究所（CIRM）种子批RS1 - 00313的支持。我们感谢的再生医学和干细胞研究的加州大学洛杉矶分校，特别是博士Amander克拉克，博士杰罗姆扎克，和加州大学洛杉矶分校的Broad研究所干细胞核心设施为支持我们的研究成员的广泛中心的成员。

分割胚胎干细胞从基质胶基质胶通常一个融合的6孔盘基质胶上的人类胚胎干细胞可以分裂1:3到1:5到另一个基质胶盘，井成为融合再次分裂后的4-5天。 <ol><li> CM和基质胶板准备上述分裂之前。 </li><li>当天分裂，分裂洗每口井用1 × PBS，PH7.4，加1mg/ml的Dispase（稀释原液的DMEM/F12媒体5mg/ml）1ml到​​每口井，并在37 ° C 3分钟。 </li><li>每口井三次洗1 × PBS，PH7.4，无碱性成纤维细胞生长因子添加的ES媒体1毫升，使用细胞刮刀刮去井底部的殖民地，收集在一个50毫升猎鹰管悬浮人类胚胎干细胞，并通过离心沉淀在200克在室温下5分钟。 </li><li>重制版的人类胚胎干细胞在基质胶板，首先用DMEM/F12培养基质胶板并添加在10ng/ml碱性成纤维细胞生长因子每口井为辅的CM2.5毫升。的人类胚胎干细胞沉淀重悬在适当的CM与吸管的细胞悬液，在10ng/ml碱性成纤维细胞生长因子，上下三次补充量。 （注：当分裂的胚胎干细胞从基质胶板，团块是很容易打破，因此三轮的吹打足够多吹打可能过度破坏的殖民地，使单细胞）分装人类胚胎干细胞团块悬浮每0.5毫升6以及基质胶板，每孔终体积达到3毫升。放置在37℃孵化器板。 </li></ol>多潜能性标志物免疫荧光显微镜检测免疫荧光显微镜是用来检查过程中培养的人类胚胎干细胞多能性标志物Oct - 4和SSEA - 4的表达。 <ol><li>从一个以及媒体和吸用1 × PBS，pH值7.4。添加3.7％的甲醛2毫升以及固定为10分钟。 </li><li>冲洗1xPBS，pH值7.4，添加2毫升甲醇以及和地方在-20 ° C，2分钟。 </li><li> 1xPBS，pH值7.4，并阻止1毫升0.2％的牛serume白蛋白（BSA），5分钟冲洗。 </li><li>添加液1ml，10月4或anti-h/mSSEA-4抗体（1:200稀释在0.2％BSA），室温孵育1小时或4℃过夜。 （注：SSEA - 4染色，直接进入第6步） </li><li> 1xPBS，pH值7.4冲洗3次，加FITC标记的兔IgG（1:500稀释在0.2％BSA），并在室温下孵育1小时。 </li><li> 1xPBS，pH值7.4冲洗3次，并把在井的中心安装解决方案的下降（可以包含的DAPI核可视化所需）。放在盖玻片上的细胞上，用指甲油密封，免疫荧光显微镜和评估。 </li></ol>人类胚胎干细胞的收益 ES媒体（胚胎干细胞介质）： DMEM/F12 - 400毫升 淘汰赛血清替代品 - 100毫升 非必需氨基酸 - 5毫升 200MM GlutaMax / BME解决方案 - 5毫升 青霉素/链霉素 - 5毫升拌匀，并储存于4 500ml中瓶最后的人类胚胎干细胞文化传媒° C。最多两个星期。 MEF的文化传媒： DMEM - 1000毫升 胎牛血清 - 100毫升 非必需氨基酸 - 10毫升 谷氨酰胺 - 10毫升 Penicllin /链霉素 - 10毫升拌匀，存放在4决赛MEF的文化传媒° C。 200MM Glutamax / BME解决方案： Glutamax - 100毫升 β-巯基乙醇（股份14.3M解决方案） - 140μ1 混合了两个解决方案，然后分装10毫升部分。保持在-20 ° C等分 方案碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（终浓度的股票：10微克/ ml）： 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF2） - 50微克 1xPBS BSA的0.1％，pH值7.4 - 5毫升溶解于5ml 0.1％BSA碱性成纤维细胞生长因子50微克至10微克/毫升股票。分装成500μL部分。储存在-80 ° C。 胶原酶溶液（1mg/ml的）： 胶原酶 - 50毫克 DMEM/F12媒体 - 50毫升胶原酶粉添加至50ml猎鹰管。在油烟机，混合在无菌的DMEM/F12媒体50毫升。涡&lt;1分钟的解决方案。确保被溶解的粉末。在油烟机，通过0.22微米到一个新的无菌50毫升猎鹰管的过滤器。这个解决方案是为2周最大保存在4 ° C。 Dispase溶液（1mg/ml的）： Dispase 5mg/ml - 2毫升 DMEM/F12媒体 - 8毫升 分装商业5mg/ml Dispase解决方案，并储存在-20 ° C。稀释dispase 1mg/ml的使用的DMEM/F12。该解决方案可以保持1周，在4 ° C。

<ol>
	<li>Thomson, J. a. m. e. s. A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J. o. s. e. p. h., Shapiro, S. a. n. d. e. r. S., Waknitz, M. i. c. h. e. l. l. e. A., Swiergiel, J. e. n. n. i. f. e. r. J., Marshall, V. i. v. i. e. n. n. e. S., Jones, J. e. f. f. r. e. y. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+Stem+Cell+Lines+Derived+from+Human+Blastocysts+.">Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts .</a> Science. 282, 1145-1147 (1998).</li><li>Xu, C. h. u. n. h. u. i., Inokuma, M. a. r. g. a. r. e. t. S., Denham, J. e. r. r. o. d., Golds, K. a. t. h. a. l. e. e. n., Kundu, P. r. a. t. i. m. a., Gold, J. o. s. e. p. h. D., Carpenter, M. e. l. i. s. s. a. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=+Feeder-free+growth+of+undifferentiated+human+embryonic+stem+cells+Nature+Biotechnology+19."> Feeder-free growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells Nature Biotechnology 19.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 19, 971-974 (2001).</li></ol>

这一系列3视频演示如何成长人类胚胎干细胞（胚胎干细胞）对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEF）饲养层细胞（视频1），如何通过他们基质胶馈线无细胞板（视频2），以及如何维护人类胚胎干细胞在基质胶馈线无细胞（视频3）的条件下传代。许多以前的研究表明，可行的，未分化的胚胎干细胞的维护需要灭活MEF饲养层细胞培养。然而，许多实验，纯免费接驳细胞污染的人类胚胎干细胞的人口是必需的。为了实现这一目...

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		<div>
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		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Knockout Serum Replacer (KSR)</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>10828-028</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DMEM/F12</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>11330-057</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td> Non-essential Amino Acids</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>11140-050</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>GlutaMax </td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>35050-061</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DMEM</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>11995-065</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FBS</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Clontech</td>
<td>631107</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>L-glutamine</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>25030-081</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>BME</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>BP176-100</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>bFGF</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>R&D Systems</td>
<td>233-FB-025</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Collagenase IV</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>17104-019</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dispase</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Stem Cell Technologies</td>
<td>17105-041</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Penicillin / Streptomycin </td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>15140-122</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Gelatin</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Chemicon</td>
<td>ES-006-B</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Matrigel</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BD Biosciences</td>
<td>354277</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Oct-4 antibody</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
<td>SC-9081</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>anti-h/mSSEA-4 Phycoerythrin Conjugated Mouse IgG3</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>R&D Systems</td>
<td>FAB1435P</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FITCI-conjugated antirabbit IgG</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories. Inc.</td>
<td>715-095-152</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>
			<div>
					</div>

from mefs to matrigel 3: passaging hescs from matrigel onto matrigel

本视频演示了如何维持人类胚胎干细胞（胚胎干细胞）在馈线无细胞的条件和如何在馈线不断通过人类胚胎干细胞的无细胞条件的增长。在馈线无细胞的条件下，免疫荧光显微镜确认的人类胚胎干细胞的全能性增长也表明。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about From MEFs to Matrigel 3: Passaging hESCs from Matrigel onto Matrigel at JoVE.com

From MEFs to Matrigel 3: Passaging hESCs from Matrigel onto Matrigel

从MEFs基质胶3：传代的胚胎干细胞从基质胶到基质胶

This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage ...

from-mefs-to-matrigel-3-passaging-hescs-from-matrigel-onto-matrigel

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.7K 次观看.  University of California, Los Angeles. 本视频演示了如何维持人类胚胎干细胞（胚胎干细胞）在馈线无细胞的条件和如何在馈线不断通过人类胚胎干细胞的无细胞条件的增长。在馈线无细胞的条件下，免疫荧光显微镜确认的人类胚胎干细胞的全能性增长也表明。

视频: From MEFs to Matrigel 3: Passaging hESCs from Matrigel onto Matrigel

Passaging HuES Human Embryonic Stem Cell-lines with Trypsin.

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin.  Human embryonic stem cells are artifacts of cell culture, and tend to acquire karyotypic abnormalities with high population doublings.  Proper passaging is essential for maintaining a healthy, undifferentiated, karyotypically normal HuES human embryonic stem cell culture.  First, an expanding culture is washed in PBS to remove residual media and cell debris, then cells are overlaid with a minimal volume of warm 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA.  Trypsin is left on the cells for up to five minutes, then cells are gently dislodged with a 2mL serological pipette.  The cell suspension is collected and mixed with a large volume of HuES media, then cells are collected by gentle centrifugation.  The inactivated trypsin media mixture is removed, and cells resuspended in pre-warmed HuES media.  An appropriate split ratio is calculated (generally 1:10 to 1:20), and cells re-plated onto a 1-2 day old plate containing a monolayer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells.  The newly seeded HuES culture plate is left undisturbed for 48 hrs, then media is changed every day thereafter.  It is important not to trpsinize down to a single cell suspension, as this increases the risk of introducing karyotypic abnormalities.

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin. Brought to you by JoVE.

人类胚胎干细胞传代的色调线与胰蛋白酶

In this video we demonstrate how our lab routinely passages HuES human embryonic stem cell lines with trypsin.  Human embryonic stem cells are artifacts ...

科研

生物学

Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes as well as to explore many fundamental processes of human neural development and pathology.  This protocol presents a simple method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of standardizing this technique and increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.  The hNSPCs we use were isolated from cadaveric postnatal brain cortices by the National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource and grown as adherent cultures on flasks coated with fibronectin (Palmer et al., 2001; Schwartz et al., 2003).  We culture our hNSPCs in a DMEM:F12 serum-free media supplemented with EGF, FGF, and PDGF and passage them 1:2 approximately every seven days.  Using these conditions, the majority of the cells in the culture maintain a bipolar morphology and express markers of undifferentiated neural stem cells (such as nestin and sox2).

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro allows to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes and to explore human neural development. This protocol presents a method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.

传代人类神经干细胞

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for ...

From MEFs to Matrigel I: Passaging hESCs in the Presence of MEFs

This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells.


This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells. Part 1 of 3.

从MEFs基质胶我的MEFs传代的胚胎干细胞

This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells.
...

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Wernig, et al., 2007; Okita, et al., 2007; Maherali, et al., 2007). We have devised a reprogramming strategy in which these four transcription factors are expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors (Brambrink et al., 2008). Using these inducible constructs, we can derive induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for the generation of inducible lentiviruses that express the four transcription factors and show how to infect MEFs with these viruses in order to produce iPS cells. By using inducible lentiviruses, the expression of the four factors in controlled by the addition of doxycyline to the culture medium. The advantage of this system over the traditional retroviral infection is the ability to turn the genes on and off so that the kinetics of reprogramming and gene expression requirements can be analyzed in detail.

This video shows the procedure for generating induced pluripotent stem cells using inducible lentivirus that express Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4.

从MEFS iPS细胞生成通过强制SOX - 2的表达，10月4，c - Myc基因和Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006;  Wernig, et al., ...

From MEFs to Matrigel 2: Splitting hESCs from MEFs onto Matrigel

This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells, how to passage hESCs from MEF plates to feeder cell-free Matrigel plates.


This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage hESCs in feeder cell-free conditions. Confirmation of hESC pluripotency grown in feeder cell-free conditions by immunofluorescence microscopy is also demonstrated. Part 2 of 3.

从MEFs基质胶2：到基质胶从MEFs分裂的胚胎干细胞

This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells, how to passage hESCs from MEF ...

Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles

Cells have evolved sophisticated molecular machinery, such as kinesin motor proteins and microtubule filaments, to support active intracellular transport of cargo. While kinesins tail domain binds to a variety of cargoes, kinesins head domains utilize the chemical energy stored in ATP molecules to step along the microtubule lattice. The long, stiff microtubules serve as tracks for long-distance intracellular transport.
These motors and filaments can also be employed in microfabricated synthetic environments as components of molecular shuttles 1. In a frequently used design, kinesin motors are anchored to the track surface through their tails, and functionalized microtubules serve as cargo carrying elements, which are propelled by these motors. These shuttles can be loaded with cargo by utilizing the strong and selective binding between biotin and streptavidin. The key components (biotinylated tubulin, streptavidin, and biotinylated cargo) are commercially available.
Building on the classic inverted motility assay 2, the construction of molecular shuttles is detailed here. Kinesin motor proteins are adsorbed to a surface precoated with casein; microtubules are polymerized from biotinylated tubulin, adhered to the kinesin and subsequently coated with rhodamine-labeled streptavidin. The ATP concentration is maintained at subsaturating concentration to achieve a microtubule gliding velocity optimal for loading cargo 3. Finally, biotinylated fluorescein-labeled nanospheres are added as cargo. Nanospheres attach to microtubules as a result of collisions between gliding microtubules and nanospheres adhering to the surface.
The protocol can be readily modified to load a variety of cargoes such as biotinylated DNA4, quantum dots 5 or a wide variety of antigens via biotinylated antibodies 4-6.

Molecular shuttles consisting of functionalized microtubules gliding on surface-adhered kinesin motor proteins can serve as a nanoscale transport system. Here, the assembly of a typical shuttle system is described.

货物装载到驱动蛋白供电分子梭

Cells have evolved sophisticated molecular machinery, such as kinesin motor proteins and microtubule filaments, to support active intracellular transport ...

An Introduction to Worm Lab: from Culturing Worms to Mutagenesis

This protocol describes procedures to maintain nematodes in the laboratory and how to mutagenize them using two alternative methods: ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and 4, 5', 8-trimethylpsoralen combined with ultraviolet light (TMP/UV). Nematodes are powerful biological systems for genetics studies because of their simple body plan and mating system, which is composed of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites and males that can generate hundreds of progeny per animal. Nematodes are maintained in agar plates containing a lawn of bacteria and can be easily transferred from one plate to another using a pick. EMS is an alkylating agent commonly used to induce point mutations and small deletions, while TMP/UV mainly induces deletions. Depending on the species of nematode being used, concentrations of EMS and TMP will have to be optimized. To isolate recessive mutations of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, animals of the F2 generation were visually screened for phenotypes. To illustrate these methods, we mutagenized worms and looked for Uncoordinated (Unc), Dumpy (Dpy) and Transformer (Tra) mutants.

Screening for mutants with phenotypic defects is a straightforward method for identifying genes that function in a given biological process. In this article we describe how to culture free living worms (e.g., Pristionchus pacificus) in the laboratory and show two different mutagenesis methods, EMS and TMP/UV.

蠕虫病毒实验室介绍:从培养蠕虫突变

This protocol describes procedures to maintain nematodes in the laboratory and how to mutagenize them using two alternative methods: ethyl methane ...

A Matrigel-Based Tube Formation Assay to Assess the Vasculogenic Activity of Tumor Cells

Over the past several decades, a tube formation assay using growth factor-reduced Matrigel has been typically employed to demonstrate the angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial cells in vitro1-5. However, recently growing evidence has shown that this assay is not limited to test vascular behavior for endothelial cells. Instead, it also has been used to test the ability of a number of tumor cells to develop a vascular phenotype6-8. This capability was consistent with their vasculogenic behavior identified in xenotransplanted animals, a process known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM)9. There is a multitude of evidence demonstrating that tumor cell-mediated VM plays a vital role in the tumor development, independent of endothelial cell angiogenesis6, 10-13. For example, tumor cells were found to participate in the blood perfused, vascular channel formation in tissue samples from melanoma and glioblastoma patients8, 10, 11. Here, we described this tubular network assay as a useful tool in evaluation of vasculogenic activity of tumor cells. We found that some tumor cell lines such as melanoma B16F1 cells, glioblastoma U87 cells, and breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells are able to form vascular tubules; but some do not such as colon cancer HCT116 cells. Furthermore, this vascular phenotype is dependent on cell numbers plated on the Matrigel. Therefore, this assay may serve as powerful utility to screen the vascular potential of a variety of cell types including vascular cells, tumor cells as well as other cells.

A tube formation assay is used to evaluate vascular activity of tumor cells.

基于一个基质胶管形成实验，以评估对肿瘤细胞的血管生成活性

Over the past several decades, a tube formation assay using growth factor-reduced Matrigel has been typically employed to demonstrate the angiogenic ...

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors&#160;integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and the control of gene transcription in the cell nucleus. The kindlins are ~75 kDa multidomain proteins and bind to an NPxY motif and upstream T/S cluster of the integrin &#946;-subunit cytoplasmic tail. The hematopoietically-important kindlin isoform, kindlin-3, is critical for platelet aggregation during thrombus formation, leukocyte rolling in response to infection and inflammation and osteoclast podocyte formation in bone resorption. Kindlin-3&#39;s role in these processes has resulted in extensive cellular and physiological studies. However, there is a need for an efficient method of acquiring high quality milligram quantities of the protein for further studies. We have developed a protocol, here described, for the efficient expression and purification of recombinant murine kindlin-3 by use of a baculovirus-driven expression system in Sf9 cells yielding sufficient amounts of high purity full-length protein to allow its biophysical characterization. The same approach could be taken in the study of the other mammalian kindlin isoforms.

Kindlins are fundamental to cell adhesion through integrins but studies of them have been hampered by the difficulty encountered in expressing them recombinantly in bacterial hosts. We describe here methods for their efficient production in baculovirus-infected insect cells.

高效的生产和纯化重组小鼠Kindlin-3从昆虫细胞生物物理研究

Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors&#160;integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and ...

Generation of Myospheres From hESCs by Epigenetic Reprogramming

Generation of a homogeneous and abundant population of skeletal muscle cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a requirement for cell-based therapies and for a "disease in a dish" model of human neuromuscular diseases. Major hurdles, such as low abundance and heterogeneity of the population of interest, as well as a lack of protocols for the formation of three-dimensional contractile structures, have limited the applications of stem cells for neuromuscular disorders. We have designed a protocol that overcomes these limits by ectopic introduction of defined factors in hESCs - the muscle determination factor MyoD and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex component BAF60C - that are able to reprogram hESCs into skeletal muscle cells. Here we describe the protocol established to generate hESC-derived myoblasts and promote their clustering into tridimensional miniaturized structures (myospheres) that functionally mimic miniaturized skeletal muscles7.

Here, we describe a protocol based on epigenetic reprogramming of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward generating a homogeneous population of skeletal muscle progenitors that under permissive culture conditions form three-dimensional clusters of contractile myofibers (myospheres), which recapitulate biological features of human skeletal muscles.

Myospheres的产生从人类胚胎干细胞通过表观遗传修饰

Generation of a homogeneous and abundant population of skeletal muscle cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a requirement for cell-based ...