Kapitel 8
Reaktionen von Alkenen
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Regioselektivität elektrophiler Additionen-Peroxid-Effekt
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. ...
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Kettenreaktion und Polymerisation von Alkenen durch freie Radikale
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a ...
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Halogenierung von Alkenen
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence ...
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Bildung von Halohydrin aus Alkenen
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group ...
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Säurekatalysierte Hydratation von Alkenen
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, ...
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Regioselektivität und Stereochemie der säurekatalysierten Hydratation
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can ...
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Oxymercuration-Reduktion von Alkenen
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric ...
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Hydroborierung-Oxidation von Alkenen
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary ...
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Regioselektivität und Stereochemie der Hydroborierung
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted ...
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Oxidation von Alkenen: Syn-Dihydroxylierung mit Osmiumtetraoxid
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double ...
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Oxidation von Alkenen: Syn-Dihydroxylierung mit Kaliumpermanganat
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of ...
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Oxidation von Alkenen: Antidihydroxylierung mit Peroxysäuren
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti ...
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Oxidative Spaltung von Alkenen: Ozonolyse
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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Reduktion von Alkenen: Katalytische Hydrierung
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a ...
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Reduktion von Alkenen: Asymmetrische katalytische Hydrierung
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of ...
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