Capitolo 8
Reazioni degli alcheni
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Regioselettività delle addizioni elettrofile-effetto perossido
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. ...
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Reazione a catena dei radicali liberi e polimerizzazione degli alcheni
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a ...
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Alogenazione degli alcheni
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence ...
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Formazione delle aloidrine dagli alcheni
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group ...
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Idratazione acido-catalizzata degli alcheni
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, ...
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Regioselettività e stereochimica dell'idratazione catalizzata da acido
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can ...
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Ossimercurazione-riduzione degli alcheni
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric ...
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Idroborazione-ossidazione degli alcheni
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary ...
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Regioselettività e stereochimica dell'idroborazione
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted ...
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Ossidazione degli alcheni: diidrossilazione sin con tetrossido di osmio
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double ...
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Ossidazione degli alcheni: diidrossilazione sin con permanganato di potassio
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of ...
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Ossidazione degli alcheni: diidrossilazione anti con perossiacidi
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti ...
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Scissione ossidativa degli alcheni: ozonolisi
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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Riduzione degli alcheni: idrogenazione catalitica
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a ...
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Riduzione degli alcheni: idrogenazione catalitica asimmetrica
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of ...
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