I. auftauen Cells Nehmen Sie das Gefriergut Fläschchen TN5-Zellen und Auftauen in einem 37 ° C Wasserbad. Fügen Sie 5ml von Insekten Express-Medium (Invitrogen, Katalog-Nummer-10486) in 25cm 2 TC Kolben. Beachten Sie, dass Express fünf, ohne Glutamin kommt; müssen 10ml 100X Glutamin Stift Strep oder Glutamin allein zu 1 lt Medien hinzufügen. Add TN5 Zellen hinein und inkubieren für 30 Minuten in ein 27 ° C Inkubator. Dann saugen das Medium mit DMSO vorsichtig, ohne die Zellen an der Unterseite der Flasche. Add 5 ml frisches Medium. II. Anbau und Ausbau der Zellen Überwachen Sie die Zellen jeden Tag. Wenn Kolben fast 70% konfluent ist, bringen die Zellen in Suspension durch Klopfen der Flasche auf beiden Seiten und den Transfer der Zellen bis 175cm 2 Flasche, indem 21 ml des Insect ausdrückliche mittel-und 5 ml Zellkultur. Jeder T175 Flasche sollte etwa 25-30ml Medium als ein Endvolumen haben. Split konfluenten Flasche (ca. 1 Mio. / ml konz.) 4.1 oder 5.1, wie gebraucht. Lassen Sie sich nicht Zellen überwuchern. Zählen Sie die Anzahl der Durchgänge, dass Sie die Zellen aufgeteilt. Nicht über Durchgang Nummer 30 wachsen, weil sie dazu führen können Alterung der Zellen, die Zell-Lyse. Wenn Sie die gewünschte Lautstärke erreicht bei einer Konzentration von 1 Mio / ml, infizieren die Zellen. I in der Regel werden bis zu 2 bis 2,5 Liter, die in der Regel Beträge bis siebzig 175cm 2 Flaschen und ca.. 25 bis 30 ml / Kolben oder fünf 1-Liter-Erlenmeyerkolben und ca.. 400ml und 500 ml in jeder Flasche Hinweis: Sie können entweder Zellen in T-175 Kegeldichtung Kolben oder Corning Erlenmeyerkolben wachsen. Wachsende Zellen in Erlenmeyerkolben ist schneller und einfacher. III. Titrierung der Virus durch End Point Dilution Method <ol><li> Platte 3000-5000 Zellen pro Well in Flachboden 96 well Platte in 200 &amp;mgr; l der Express fünf SFM Medium. Lassen Sie die Zellen bei 27 ° C für mindestens 30 Minuten absetzen. </li><li> Machen Verdünnungsreihe Baculovirus Lager. Man sollte 1 / 10 Verdünnung in einer Linie von 96-Well-U Bodenplatte zu tun, mit 250ul pro Vertiefung. Verdünnungen sind in Express Five SFM-Medium hergestellt. </li><li> Mit einer Mehrkanal-Pipette einen festen Betrag (meist 20 ul) aus verschiedenen Verdünnungen in die Zellen. </li><li> Kultur bei 27 ° C für 7 Tage. Um die Verdunstung von der Kante Reihen, wickeln Sie die Kanten der Platte mit Parafilm. </li><li> Nach 7 Tagen, überprüfen Sie die Platte und bestimmen, welche Verdünnung des Virus erhält eine 50%-Infektion - die Hälfte der Brunnen an dieser Viruskonzentration infiziert sind). Dann nutzen Sie eine Formel, um den Titer, die in pfu / ml (pfu-Plaque-bildenden Einheiten) ausgedrückt ist zu berechnen. Die Formel ist in den meisten Baculovirus Handbüchern. </li></ol> IV. Infektion der Zellen Es ist sehr wichtig, die genaue Titer der Viren wissen. Fügen Sie benötigte Menge an Virus. Bei viralen Stoffaufbereitung der Zellen sollte bei Multiplizität der Infektion (MOI) von nicht mehr als 1 (1pfu to Five Zelle 1High) Höhere MOI führt zur Produktion von Virus-Mutationen infiziert werden. Für Protein-Produktion, ist übliche Menge MO1 5-10. Beispiel: Der Titer mCD1d Baculovirus = 1X108 pfu / ml Add MOI = 1 (um den Virus zu verstärken) = 20X10 ^ 6 Zellen / Kolben / 1x10 ^ 8 pfu / ml = 200 ul / Kolben MOI = 5 bis 10 (für die Protein-Produktion) = 1 ml bis 2 ml Für 20x10 ^ 6 Zellen / Kolben Am Tag 4 nach der Infektion bei den infizierten Zellen zu suchen. Sie sollten gelöst werden, schwimmende, geschwollen und bilden Würstchen. V. Wiederherstellen Überstände Nehmen Sie das Medium von infizierten Kolben, und Transfer zum 250ml blaue Kappe Falcon Spinning-Flaschen. Sie können autoklaviert und wiederverwendet werden. Füllen Sie die Flaschen gleichmäßig und Zentrifuge die Zellen in Sorvall GSA Rotor bei 200rpm, 20 Minuten, 4 ° C. Sammeln Sie den Überstand und fahren zur weiteren Reinigung. VI. Reinigung von rekombinantem mCD1d <ol><li> Dialyse und Konzentration in 150 mM Natriumphosphat-Puffer (pH 7,4) </li><li> Mit Ni-NTA Agarose-Chromatographie eluieren Protein mCD1d + b2m mit 150mm Natriumphosphat +200 mm Immidazole </li><li> Run Entsalzungssäule mit 20 mM Tris-HCl-Puffer pH 8 loswerden Immidazole </li><li> Run Anionenaustauschchromatographie mit MonoQ Spalte, um die restlichen Verunreinigungen zu beseitigen. </li><li> Konzentrieren Sie sich auf 1mg/ml mit YM 30-Konzentrator (Millipore) </li><li> BirA enzymatische biotynlation von mCD1d nach dem Protokoll des Herstellers (Avidität) </li><li> Das freie Biotin wird durch S200-Säule (Size Exclusion Chromatograpy) mit Phosphat-gepufferter Kochsalzlösung (PBS), pH 7,4 eliminiert. Ein Durchschnitt von 2 bis 3 mg des biotynlated Protein könnte aus 2 Liter Überstand erhalten </li><li> Herstellung von a-GalCer CD1d Tetramer. </li></ol> Um CD1d Molekül mit a-GalCer Last, lösliche biotynlated CD1d-b2m wird über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur mit drei fachen molaren Überschuss an a-GalCer, in 0,5% zwischen -20 in PBS,% o, 9 Natriumchlorid aufgelöst inkubiert. Streptavidin und Inkubation für 4 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur - Tetramere werden durch Mischen von a-GalCer geladen CD1d Monomeren mit 4-fach molaren Überschuss von PE erzeugt. Lagerung bei 48 ° C.

<ol>
	<li>Benlagha, K., Weiss, A., Beavis, A., Teyton, L., Bendelac, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+identification+of+glycolipipd+antigen-specific+T+cells+using+fluorecent+CD1d+tetramers.">In vivo identification of glycolipipd antigen-specific T cells using fluorecent CD1d tetramers.</a> J. Exp. Med. 191, 1895-1903 (2000).</li><li>Kinjo, Y., Wu, D., Kim, G., Xing, G. W., Poles, M. A., Ho, D. D., Tsuji, M., Kawahara, K., Wong, C. H., Kronenberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recognition+of+bacterial+glycosphingolipids+by+natural+killer+T+cells.">Recognition of bacterial glycosphingolipids by natural killer T cells.</a> Nature. 434, 520-525 (2005).</li><li>Naidenko, O. V., Maher, J. K., Ernst, W. A., Sakai, T., Modlin, R. L., Kronenberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Binding+and+antigen+presentation+of+ceramide-containing+glycolipids+by+soluble+mouse+and+human+CD1d+molecules.">Binding and antigen presentation of ceramide-containing glycolipids by soluble mouse and human CD1d molecules.</a> J. Exp. Med. 190, 1069-1080 (1999).</li><li>Porcelli, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+CD1+family:+A+third+lineage+of+antigen-+presenting+molecules.">The CD1 family: A third lineage of antigen- presenting molecules.</a> Adv. Immunol. 59, 1-98 (1995).</li><li>Sidobre, S., Kronemberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD1+tetramers:+A+powerful+tool+for+the+analysis+of+glycolipid-reactive+T+cells.">CD1 tetramers: A powerful tool for the analysis of glycolipid-reactive T cells.</a> J. Immunol. 169, 1340-1348 (2002).</li></ol>

In diesem Verfahren wird gezeigt, wie zu initiieren, zu wachsen, zu infizieren Insektenzellen und wie die Baculovirus Verwendung dieser Zellen Titer. Die wichtigsten Aspekte dieses Verfahrens sind Wartung von Zellen und die genaue Titer von Baculovirus wissen. Sobald Sie CD1 Tetramere erzeugt wird, kann sie als ein mächtiges Werkzeug zur Analyse von Glycolipid reaktiven T-Zellen verwendet werden. Baculovirus-Systeme sind ebenfalls weit verbreitet, rekombinante Proteine, darunter MHC-Klasse-II-Tetramere so dieses Verfahren hat eine viel bre...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Express Five SFM</td>
<td> Serum Free Medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>10486025</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>High Five TM</td>
<td> Insect Cells</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>B855-02</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glutamine Pen strep</td>
<td>Antibiotics</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>10378-016</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>25cm2 TC Flask</td>
<td> Plastic</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>10-126-28</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>175 cm2 TC Flask</td>
<td> Plug seal flask</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>10-126-8</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Erlenmeyer Flask</td>
<td> Cell Culture Flask</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>07 200 672</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>YM 30 Concenterator</td>
<td>30,000 MWCO</td>
<td>Millipore</td>
<td>UFC 903096</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FPLC equipment</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>BrA Enzyme and Buffer</td>
<td> Biotinylation Kit</td>
<td>Avidity</td>
<td>BIRA500</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ni-NTA Agarose Column</td>
<td>His Tag Protein Purification Column</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Desalting column</td>
<td> To get Rod of Salt from Protein</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MonoQ Column</td>
<td>Anion Exchange Chromatgraphy</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>S200 Column</td>
<td> Size Exclusion Chromatography</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>alpha-Galcer</td>
<td> Glycolipid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PE- Streptavidin</td>
<td> For conjugating Protein</td>
<td>Molecular Probe</td>
<td> S-866</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

a method for production of recombinant mcd1d protein in insect cells.

CD1-Proteine ​​bilden eine dritte Klasse von Antigen-präsentierenden Molekülen. Sie sind Zelloberfläche Glykoproteine, wie etwa 50-kDa glykosylierten schweren Ketten, die kovalent mit beta2-Mikroglobulin assoziiert sind Ausdruck. Sie binden Lipide als Peptide. Obwohl die Struktur bestätigt die Ähnlichkeit der CD1-Proteine ​​auf MHC Klasse I und Klasse II Antigen-präsentierenden Molekülen ist die mCD1d Nut relativ schmal, tief und stark hydrophob und hat zwei Bindungstaschen statt der mehrere flache Taschen für die klassische beschriebenen MHC- kodierte Antigen-präsentierenden Molekülen. Basierend auf ihren Aminosäuresequenzen, bietet eine solche hydrobphobic Nut ein ideales Umfeld für die Bindung von Lipid-Antigene. Die Natural Killer T (NKT-Zellen) nutzen ihre TCR an Glykolipide gebunden oder presented by CD1d erkennen. Reaktive T-Zellen, Lipide zu CD1 präsentiert haben in den Schutz gegen Autoimmun-und Infektionskrankheiten sowie in Tumorabstoßung beteiligt. So ist die Fähigkeit zu erkennen, zu reinigen, und verfolgen Sie die Reaktion der CD1-reaktiven NKT Zellen von großer Bedeutung. Die Erzeugung von Tetrameren von alpha Galactosylceramid (a-GalCer) mit CD1d hat einen tiefen Einblick in die Biologie von NKT-Zellen. Tetramere aus anderen CD1-Moleküle konstruiert wurden ebenfalls erzeugt und diese neue Reagenzien haben stark das Wissen um die Funktionen von Lipid-reaktiven T-Zellen erweitert, mit potenziellen Einsatz bei der Überwachung der Reaktion auf Lipid-basierte Impfstoffe und in der Diagnostik von Autoimmunerkrankungen und andere Behandlungen.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells. at JoVE.com

A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

Eine Methode, um Insektenzellen vorzubereiten und infizieren sie mit Baculovirus für die Zwecke der Produktion von rekombinanten mCD1d proteinand Erzeugung mCD1d Tetramere.

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von rekombinantem Protein in mCD1d Insektenzellen.

CD1 proteins constitute a third class of antigen-presenting molecules. They are cell surface glycoproteins, expressed as approximately 50-kDa glycosylated ...

a-method-for-production-of-recombinant-mcd1d-protein-in-insect-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

10.6K Aufrufe.  La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology. Eine Methode, um Insektenzellen vorzubereiten und infizieren sie mit Baculovirus für die Zwecke der Produktion von rekombinanten mCD1d proteinand Erzeugung mCD1d Tetramere.

Serie: A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

A Protocol for Phage Display and Affinity Selection Using Recombinant Protein Baits

Using recombinant phage as a scaffold to present various protein portions encoded by a directionally cloned cDNA library to immobilized bait molecules is an efficient means to discover interactions. The technique has largely been used to discover protein-protein interactions but the bait molecule to be challenged need not be restricted to proteins. The protocol presented here has been optimized to allow a modest number of baits to be screened in replicates to maximize the identification of independent clones presenting the same protein. This permits greater confidence that interacting proteins identified are legitimate interactors of the bait molecule. Monitoring the phage titer after each affinity selection round provides information on how the affinity selection is progressing as well as on the efficacy of negative controls. One means of titering the phage, and how and what to prepare in advance to allow this process to progress as efficiently as possible, is presented. Attributes of amplicons retrieved following isolation of independent plaque are highlighted that can be used to ascertain how well the affinity selection has progressed. Trouble shooting techniques to minimize false positives or to bypass persistently recovered phage are explained. Means of reducing viral contamination flare up are discussed.

Phage display is a powerful technique to capture proteins or protein moieties that interact with an immobilized molecule of interest. Once a decision of the type of phage cDNA library to create and screen has been made, the protocol described here permits efficient affinity selection leading to identification of interactors.

Ein Protokoll für die Phagen-Display-und Affinity Auswahl mit rekombinantem Protein-Köder

Using  recombinant phage as a scaffold to present various protein portions encoded by  a directionally cloned cDNA library to immobilized bait molecules ...

Forschung

Biologie

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors&#160;integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and the control of gene transcription in the cell nucleus. The kindlins are ~75 kDa multidomain proteins and bind to an NPxY motif and upstream T/S cluster of the integrin &#946;-subunit cytoplasmic tail. The hematopoietically-important kindlin isoform, kindlin-3, is critical for platelet aggregation during thrombus formation, leukocyte rolling in response to infection and inflammation and osteoclast podocyte formation in bone resorption. Kindlin-3&#39;s role in these processes has resulted in extensive cellular and physiological studies. However, there is a need for an efficient method of acquiring high quality milligram quantities of the protein for further studies. We have developed a protocol, here described, for the efficient expression and purification of recombinant murine kindlin-3 by use of a baculovirus-driven expression system in Sf9 cells yielding sufficient amounts of high purity full-length protein to allow its biophysical characterization. The same approach could be taken in the study of the other mammalian kindlin isoforms.

Kindlins are fundamental to cell adhesion through integrins but studies of them have been hampered by the difficulty encountered in expressing them recombinantly in bacterial hosts. We describe here methods for their efficient production in baculovirus-infected insect cells.

Effizienten Herstellung und Reinigung von rekombinantem murinem Kindlin-3 von Insektenzellen für biophysikalische Studien

Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors&#160;integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and ...

Investigating Protein-protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Assays based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) provide a sensitive and reliable means to monitor protein-protein interactions in live cells. BRET is the non-radiative transfer of energy from a 'donor' luciferase enzyme to an 'acceptor' fluorescent protein. In the most common configuration of this assay, the donor is Renilla reniformis luciferase and the acceptor is Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). Because the efficiency of energy transfer is strongly distance-dependent, observation of the BRET phenomenon requires that the donor and acceptor be in close proximity. To test for an interaction between two proteins of interest in cultured mammalian cells, one protein is expressed as a fusion with luciferase and the second as a fusion with YFP. An interaction between the two proteins of interest may bring the donor and acceptor sufficiently close for energy transfer to occur. Compared to other techniques for investigating protein-protein interactions, the BRET assay is sensitive, requires little hands-on time and few reagents, and is able to detect interactions which are weak, transient, or dependent on the biochemical environment found within a live cell. It is therefore an ideal approach for confirming putative interactions suggested by yeast two-hybrid or mass spectrometry proteomics studies, and in addition it is well-suited for mapping interacting regions, assessing the effect of post-translational modifications on protein-protein interactions, and evaluating the impact of mutations identified in patient DNA.

Interactions between proteins are fundamental to all cellular processes. Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer, the interaction between a pair of proteins can be monitored in live cells and in real time. Furthermore, the effects of potentially pathogenic mutations can be assessed.

Untersuchung von Protein-Protein-Interaktionen in lebenden Zellen Mit Biolumineszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer

Assays based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) provide a sensitive and reliable means to monitor protein-protein interactions in live ...

Recombinant Protein Expression for Structural Biology in HEK 293F Suspension Cells: A Novel and Accessible Approach

The expression and purification of large amounts of recombinant protein complexes is an essential requirement for structural biology studies. For over two decades, prokaryotic expression systems such as E. coli have dominated the scientific literature over costly and less efficient eukaryotic cell lines. Despite the clear advantage in terms of yields and costs of expressing recombinant proteins in bacteria, the absence of specific co-factors, chaperones and post-translational modifications may cause loss of function, mis-folding and can disrupt protein-protein interactions of certain eukaryotic multi-subunit complexes, surface receptors and secreted proteins. The use of mammalian cell expression systems can address these drawbacks since they provide a eukaryotic expression environment. However, low protein yields and high costs of such methods have until recently limited their use for structural biology. Here we describe a simple and accessible method for expressing and purifying milligram quantities of protein by performing transient transfections of suspension grown HEK (Human Embryonic Kidney) 293F cells.

The expression of recombinant proteins by mammalian systems is becoming an attractive method for producing protein complexes for structural biology. Here we present a simple yet highly efficient expression system using suspension grown mammalian cells to purify protein complexes for structural studies.

Expression rekombinanter Proteine ​​für Strukturbiologie in HEK 293F Suspensionszellen: eine neue und Barriere Ansatz

The expression and purification of large amounts of recombinant protein complexes is an essential requirement for structural biology studies. For over two ...

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

The production of recombinant membrane proteins for structural and functional studies remains technically challenging due to low levels of expression and the inherent instability of many membrane proteins once solubilized in detergents. A protocol is described that combines ligation independent cloning of membrane proteins as GFP fusions with expression in Escherichia coli detected by GFP fluorescence. This enables the construction and expression screening of multiple membrane protein/variants to identify candidates suitable for further investment of time and effort. The GFP reporter is used in a primary screen of expression by visualizing GFP fluorescence following SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Membrane proteins that show both a high expression level with minimum degradation as indicated by the absence of free GFP, are selected for a secondary screen. These constructs are scaled and a total membrane fraction prepared and solubilized in four different detergents. Following ultracentrifugation to remove detergent-insoluble material, lysates are analyzed by fluorescence detection size exclusion chromatography (FSEC). Monitoring the size exclusion profile by GFP fluorescence provides information about the mono-dispersity and integrity of the membrane proteins in different detergents. Protein: detergent combinations that elute with a symmetrical peak with little or no free GFP and minimum aggregation are candidates for subsequent purification. Using the above methodology, the heterologous expression in E. coli of SED (shape, elongation, division, and sporulation) proteins from 47 different species of bacteria was analyzed. These proteins typically have ten transmembrane domains and are essential for cell division. The results show that the production of the SEDs orthologues in E. coli was highly variable with respect to the expression levels and integrity of the GFP fusion proteins. The experiment identified a subset for further investigation.

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

A streamlined approach to screening for the expression of recombinant membrane proteins in Escherichia coli based on fusion to green fluorescent protein is presented.

Green Fluorescent Protein-basierte Screening Expression von Membranproteinen in<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em

The production of recombinant membrane proteins for structural and functional studies remains technically challenging due to low levels of expression and ...

A Comparative Analysis of Recombinant Protein Expression in Different Biofactories: Bacteria, Insect Cells and Plant Systems

Plant-based systems are considered a valuable platform for the production of recombinant proteins as a result of their well-documented potential for the flexible, low-cost production of high-quality, bioactive products.
In this study, we compared the expression of a target human recombinant protein in traditional fermenter-based cell cultures (bacterial and insect) with plant-based expression systems, both transient and stable.
For each platform, we described the set-up, optimization and length of the production process, the final product quality and the yields and we evaluated provisional production costs, specific for the selected target recombinant protein.
Overall, our results indicate that bacteria are unsuitable for the production of the target protein due to its accumulation within insoluble inclusion bodies. On the other hand, plant-based systems are versatile platforms that allow the production of the selected protein at lower-costs than Baculovirus/insect cell system. In particular, stable transgenic lines displayed the highest-yield of the final product and transient expressing plants the fastest process development. However, not all recombinant proteins may benefit from plant-based systems but the best production platform should be determined empirically with a case-by-case approach, as described here.

In this study the expression of a target human recombinant protein in different production platforms was compared. We focused on traditional fermenter-based cultures and on plants, describing the set-up of each system and highlighting, on the basis of the reported results, the inherent limits and advantages for each platform.

Eine vergleichende Analyse der Expression rekombinanter Proteine ​​in verschiedenen Biofabrik: Bakterien, Insektenzellen und Pflanzensysteme

Plant-based systems are considered a valuable platform for the production of recombinant proteins as a result of their well-documented potential for the ...

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid decline in renal function and development of the clinical syndrome known as acute kidney injury (AKI). Pharmacological agents used to treat medical circumstances ranging from bacterial infection to cancer, when administered individually or in combination with other drugs, can initiate AKI. Zebrafish are a useful animal model to study the chemical effects on renal function in vivo, as they form an embryonic kidney comprised of nephron functional units that are conserved with higher vertebrates, including humans. Further, zebrafish can be utilized to perform genetic and chemical screens, which provide opportunities to elucidate the cellular and molecular facets of AKI and develop therapeutic strategies such as the identification of nephroprotective molecules. Here, we demonstrate how microinjection into the zebrafish embryo can be utilized as a paradigm for nephrotoxin studies.

Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.

Nephrotoxin Mikroinjektion in Zebrabärbling akuten Nierenschädigung zu Modell

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid ...

A Graphical User Interface for Software-assisted Tracking of Protein Concentration in Dynamic Cellular Protrusions

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex signaling mechanisms underlying filopodial initiation, elongation and subsequent stabilization or retraction, it is crucial to determine the spatio-temporal protein activity in these dynamic structures. To analyze protein function in filopodia, we recently developed a semi-automated tracking algorithm that adapts to filopodial shape-changes, thus allowing parallel analysis of protrusion dynamics and relative protein concentration along the whole filopodial length. Here, we present a detailed step-by-step protocol for optimized cell handling, image acquisition and software analysis. We further provide instructions for the use of optional features during image analysis and data representation, as well as troubleshooting guidelines for all critical steps along the way. Finally, we also include a comparison of the described image analysis software with other programs available for filopodia quantification. Together, the presented protocol provides a framework for accurate analysis of protein dynamics in filopodial protrusions using image analysis software.

We present a software solution for semi-automated tracking of relative protein concentration along the length of dynamic cellular protrusions.

Eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche für die softwaregestützte Verfolgung der Proteinkonzentration in dynamischen zellulären Vorsprüngen

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex ...

Transient Expression and Cellular Localization of Recombinant Proteins in Cultured Insect Cells

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and the determination of the biochemical function of proteins at the sub-organismal level. Although baculovirus expression systems are increasingly used for protein production in numerous biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications, nonlytic systems that do not involve viral infection have clear benefits but are often overlooked and underutilized. Here, we describe a method for generating nonlytic expression vectors and transient recombinant protein expression. This protocol allows for the efficient cellular localization of recombinant proteins and can be used to rapidly discern protein trafficking within the cell. We show the expression of four&#160;recombinant proteins in a commercially available insect cell line, including two aquaporin proteins from the insect Bemisia tabaci, as well as subcellular marker proteins specific for the cell plasma membrane and for intracellular lysosomes. All recombinant proteins were produced as chimeras with fluorescent protein markers at their carboxyl termini, which allows for the direct detection of the recombinant proteins. The double transfection of cells with plasmids harboring constructs for the genes of interest and a known subcellular marker allows for live cell imaging and improved validation of cellular protein localization.

Nonlytic insect cell expression systems are underutilized for production, cellular trafficking/localization, and recombinant protein functional analysis. Here, we describe methods to generate expression vectors and subsequent transient protein expression in commercially available lepidopteran cell lines. The co-localization of Bemisia tabaci aquaporins with subcellular fluorescent marker proteins is also presented.

Vorübergehende Expression und zelluläre Lokalisation von rekombinanten Proteinen in gezüchteten Insektenzellen

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and ...

Herstellung und Bildgebung von rekombinanten proteingefüllten Vesikeln aus E. coli

Optimized Production and Analysis of Recombinant Protein-Filled Vesicles from E. coli

This innovative system, using a short peptide tag, that exports multiple recombinant proteins in membrane bound vesicles from E. coli, provides an effective solution to a range of problems associated with bacterial recombinant protein expression. These recombinant vesicles compartmentalise proteins within a micro-environment that facilitates the production of otherwise challenging, toxic, insoluble, or disulfide-bond containing proteins from bacteria. Protein yield is increased considerably when compared to typical bacterial expression in the absence of the vesicle-nucleating peptide tag. The release of vesicle-packaged proteins supports isolation from the culture medium&#160;and permits long-term active protein storage. This technology gives rise to increased yields of vesicle-packaged, functional proteins for simplified downstream processing for a diverse range of applications from applied biotechnology to discovery science and medicine. In the present article and the associated video, a detailed protocol of the method is provided, which highlights key steps in the methodology to maximize recombinant protein-filled vesicle production.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Die Produktion rekombinanter Proteine 

The present protocol describes a detailed method for the bacterial production of recombinant proteins, including typically insoluble or disulfide-bond containing proteins, packaged inside extracellular membrane-bound vesicles. This has the potential to be applied to versatile areas of scientific research, including applied biotechnology and medicine.