마찬가지 세포를 해동 TN5 세포의 냉동 약병을 가지고, 37 ° C의 물을 욕조에 녹여. 25cm 2 TC 플라스크에 곤충 익스프레스 매체 5ml (Invitrogen, 카탈로그 번호 - 10486)를 추가합니다. 익스프레스 주민 글루타민없이 오는 것을 참고, 100X 글루타민 펜 strep 또는 1 다 미디어에 혼자 글루타민의 10ml를 추가해야합니다. 그것에 TN5 세포를 추가하고 27 ° C 배양기에서 30 분 알을 품다. 그런 다음, 플라스크의 바닥에 부착된 세포를 방해하지 않고 부드럽게 DMSO와 매체를 대기음. 신선한 매체의 5ml를 추가합니다. II. 성장과 세포 확장 매일 세포를 모니터링합니다. 플라스크 거의 70% 합류하면, 양쪽에있는 술병을 닌가하여 정지 전지를 가져와 및 곤충 표현 매체 및 세포 배양의 5ml 21 ML 추가하여 175cm 2 플라스크에 세포를 전송합니다. 각 T175 플라스크은 최종 볼륨으로 25 - 30ml 중간 주변 있어야합니다. 합류 플라스크 (약 1,000,000 / ML CONC.) 필요에 따라 4분의 1 또는 5분의 1. 스플릿 세포의 자라다을하게하지 마십시오. 당신이 세포를 분리한다는 구절의 개수를 계산합니다. 그것이 세포 용해를 발생 세포의 노화가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 통로 번호 30여 성장하지 마십시오. 당신은 1,000,000 / ML의 농도에서 원하는 볼륨에 도달하면, 세포를 감염. 나는 일반적으로 보통 일흔 175cm 2 flasks 약에 금액 2-2.5 리터까지 성장. 25 / 30ml 플라스크, 5 1리터의 Erlenmeyer flasks의 약 수 있습니다. 각 플라스크에 400ml 500 ML 참고 : 하나 T - 175 플러그 인감 플라스크 또는 코닝 Erlenmeyer 플라스크에 세포를 성장하실 수 있습니다. Erlenmeyer Flasks의 성장 세포가 빠르고 쉽습니다. III. 엔드 포인트 희석 방법으로 바이러스를 Titering <ol><li> 익스프레스 오 SFM 매체의 200ul에 플랫 바텀 96 잘 판에 잘 따라 플레이트 3000-5000 세포. 세포가 27 ° C 이상에서 30 분 정착하자. </li><li> baculovirus 주식 일련 희석하십시오. 하나는 잘 당 250ul를 사용하여, 96 음 U 바닥 접시의 한 줄에 10분의 1 희석을해야합니다. Dilutions은 익스프레스 다섯 SFM 매체에 만들어집니다. </li><li> 멀티채널 피펫을 사용하여 세포를 다른 dilutions의 고정 금액 (보통 20 UL)을 전송합니다. </li><li> 27 7 일 동안 ° C에서 문화. 가장자리 행을의 증발을 방지하려면, parafilm와 접시의 가장자리를 바꿈. </li><li> 칠일 후에 접시를 확인하고 바이러스의 어떤 희석은 50 % 감염을 제공 결정 -이 바이러스 농도에서 절반 우물이 감염됩니다.) 다음 pfu / ML (pfu - 플라크 형성 단위)로 표시됩니다 titer를 계산하는 수식을 사용합니다. 수식이 가장 baculovirus 설명서에서 찾을 수 있습니다. </li></ol> IV. 세포를 감염 그것은 바이러스의 정확한 titer를 알고 매우 중요합니다. 바이러스 요구하는 금액을 추가합니다. 바이러스성 재고 준비 전지가 아니라 더 높은 뫄 바이러스는 변이의 생산 리드 (1pfu은 다섯 셀 1High)를 1보다 감염의 다중성 (뫄)에 감염되어야합니다. 단백질 생산, 일반적인 금액은 MO1 50-10 있습니다. 예 : mCD1d baculovirus의 titer = 1X108 pfu / ML 추가 뫄 = 1 (바이러스를 증폭하기 위해) = 20X10 ^ 6 세포 / 술병 / 1X10 ^ 8 pfu / ML = 200 UL / 술병 뫄 = 5-10 (단백질 생산을위한) 20x10 들어 = 1ml에 2ml ^ 6 세포 / 술병 감염 후 4 일, 감염된 세포보세요. 그들은, 부동, 부어 성형 소세지를 분리해야합니다. V. 복구 Supernatants 감염된 flasks에서 매체를 가지고, 250ml 파란 모자 팰컨 스피닝 병을로 전송할 수 있습니다. 그들은 autoclaved하고 활용할 수 있습니다. 200rpm 20 분, 4 ° C.에 골고루 병을 기입하고 Sorvall GSA 로터의 세포를 원심 분리기 뜨는를 수집하고 더 정화를위한 진행합니다. VI. 재조합 mCD1d의 정화 <ol><li> 150mM 인산 나트륨 버퍼에 투석과 농도 (산도 7.4) </li><li> 니켈 - NTA 아가로 오스 크로마 토그래피함으로써, 150mM 인산 나트륨 200 MM Immidazole와 단백질 mCD1d + b2m을 elute </li><li> Immidazole 없애 20mM 트리스 HCL pH8 버퍼를 사용하여 탈염 컬럼을 실행 </li><li> 나머지 오염 물질을 제거 MonoQ 칼럼을 사용하여 음이온 교환 크로마 토그래피를 실행합니다. </li><li> YM 30 농축기 (Millipore)를 사용 1mg/ml에 집중 </li><li> 의 비라 효소 biotynlation는 제조 업체의 프로토콜 (욕망)에 따라 mCD1d </li><li> 무료 비오틴은 식염수 (PBS), pH7.4를 버퍼 인산염을 사용 S200 열 (사이즈 제외 Chromatograpy)에 의해 제거됩니다. biotynlated 단백질 2 ~ 3 MGS의 평균 뜨는의 2리터에서 구할 수 </li><li> - Galcer CD1d tetramer 생산. </li></ol> A - Galcer과 가용성 biotynlated CD1d - B2를 CD1d 분자를로드하기 위해서는m은 PBS에 0.​​5 % 트윈 -20, O.9 %의 나트륨 염화물에 녹아있는 한 Galcer 세 배 이상 초과 어금니와 실온에서 하룻밤 incubated입니다. 복합 streptavidin과 실온에서 4 시간 동안 잠복기 - Tetramers는 PE의 4 배 초과 어금니와 - Galcer 로드된 CD1d 단량체의 혼합에 의해 생성됩니다. 48시 스토어 ° C.

<ol>
	<li>Benlagha, K., Weiss, A., Beavis, A., Teyton, L., Bendelac, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+identification+of+glycolipipd+antigen-specific+T+cells+using+fluorecent+CD1d+tetramers.">In vivo identification of glycolipipd antigen-specific T cells using fluorecent CD1d tetramers.</a> J. Exp. Med. 191, 1895-1903 (2000).</li><li>Kinjo, Y., Wu, D., Kim, G., Xing, G. W., Poles, M. A., Ho, D. D., Tsuji, M., Kawahara, K., Wong, C. H., Kronenberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recognition+of+bacterial+glycosphingolipids+by+natural+killer+T+cells.">Recognition of bacterial glycosphingolipids by natural killer T cells.</a> Nature. 434, 520-525 (2005).</li><li>Naidenko, O. V., Maher, J. K., Ernst, W. A., Sakai, T., Modlin, R. L., Kronenberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Binding+and+antigen+presentation+of+ceramide-containing+glycolipids+by+soluble+mouse+and+human+CD1d+molecules.">Binding and antigen presentation of ceramide-containing glycolipids by soluble mouse and human CD1d molecules.</a> J. Exp. Med. 190, 1069-1080 (1999).</li><li>Porcelli, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+CD1+family:+A+third+lineage+of+antigen-+presenting+molecules.">The CD1 family: A third lineage of antigen- presenting molecules.</a> Adv. Immunol. 59, 1-98 (1995).</li><li>Sidobre, S., Kronemberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD1+tetramers:+A+powerful+tool+for+the+analysis+of+glycolipid-reactive+T+cells.">CD1 tetramers: A powerful tool for the analysis of glycolipid-reactive T cells.</a> J. Immunol. 169, 1340-1348 (2002).</li></ol>

이 절차에서는, 그것은, 시작 성장, 곤충 세포를 감염하고 이러한 세포를 사용하여 baculovirus를 titer하는 방법을하는 방법을 보여줍니다. 이 절차의 가장 중요한 측면은 세포의 유지 보수하고 baculovirus의 정확한 titer를 알고. 일단 CD1 tetramers를 생성, 그들은 glycolipid 반응 T 세포 분석을위한 강력한 도구로 사용할 수 있습니다. Baculovirus 시스템은 또한 MHC 클래스 II의 tetramers 때문에이 절차는 훨씬 광범위한 응용을 포?...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Express Five SFM</td>
<td> Serum Free Medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>10486025</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>High Five TM</td>
<td> Insect Cells</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>B855-02</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glutamine Pen strep</td>
<td>Antibiotics</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>10378-016</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>25cm2 TC Flask</td>
<td> Plastic</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>10-126-28</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>175 cm2 TC Flask</td>
<td> Plug seal flask</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>10-126-8</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Erlenmeyer Flask</td>
<td> Cell Culture Flask</td>
<td>Fisher</td>
<td>07 200 672</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>YM 30 Concenterator</td>
<td>30,000 MWCO</td>
<td>Millipore</td>
<td>UFC 903096</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FPLC equipment</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>BrA Enzyme and Buffer</td>
<td> Biotinylation Kit</td>
<td>Avidity</td>
<td>BIRA500</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ni-NTA Agarose Column</td>
<td>His Tag Protein Purification Column</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Desalting column</td>
<td> To get Rod of Salt from Protein</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MonoQ Column</td>
<td>Anion Exchange Chromatgraphy</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>S200 Column</td>
<td> Size Exclusion Chromatography</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>alpha-Galcer</td>
<td> Glycolipid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PE- Streptavidin</td>
<td> For conjugating Protein</td>
<td>Molecular Probe</td>
<td> S-866</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

a method for production of recombinant mcd1d protein in insect cells.

CD1 단백질은 항원 제시 분자의 세 번째 클래스를 구성합니다. 그들은 noncovalently beta2 - microglobulin과 관련된 약 50 KDA glycosylated 무거운 사슬로 표현 세포 표면 glycoproteins입니다. 그들은 lipids보다는 펩티드를 바인딩합니다. 그들의 구조가 MHC 클래스 I 및 클래스 II의 항원 제시 분자로 CD1 단백질의 유사성을 확인했지만, mCD1d 홈은 비교적 좁은 깊이, 그리고 높은 소수성이며, 그것은 고전에 대한 설명 여러 얕은 주머니 대신에 두개의 바인딩 주머니를 가지고 MHC - 항원 제시 분자를 인코딩. 자신의 아미노산 시퀀스에 따라, 그러한 hydrobphobic 홈은 지질 항원의 바인딩을위한 이상적인 환경을 제공합니다. 자연 킬러 T (NKT) 세포는 바운드 또는 CD1d에 의해 제시 glycolipids을 인식하기 위해 TCR을 사용합니다. CD1 제시한 lipids에 반응 T 세포는 면역과 전염병에 대한 보호 및 종양 제거에 참여하고 있습니다. 따라서, 식별 정화하고, CD1 - 반응 NKT 세포의 반응을 추적하는 능력은 매우 중요합니다. CD1d와 알파 Galactosyl ceramide (A - Galcer)의 tetramers의 세대는 NKT 세포의 생물학에 상당한 통찰력을하고 있습니다. 다른 CD1 분자로부터 만들어진 Tetramers도 생성되었으며 이러한 새로운 시약이 크게 지질 기반 백신에 대한 반응을 모니터링 잠재적인 사용과 면역 질병 및 기타의 진단에 지질 반응 T 세포의 기능의 지식을 확대 트리 트먼트.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells. at JoVE.com

A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

곤충 세포를 준비하고 mCD1d tetramers를 생성하는 재조합 mCD1d의 proteinand의 생산의 목적으로 baculovirus으로 그들을 감염하는 방법.

곤충 세포에서 재조합 단백질의 생산 mCD1d하는 방법.

CD1 proteins constitute a third class of antigen-presenting molecules. They are cell surface glycoproteins, expressed as approximately 50-kDa glycosylated ...

a-method-for-production-of-recombinant-mcd1d-protein-in-insect-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

10.6K 조회수.  La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology. 곤충 세포를 준비하고 mCD1d tetramers를 생성하는 재조합 mCD1d의 proteinand의 생산의 목적으로 baculovirus으로 그들을 감염하는 방법.

비디오: A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

A Protocol for Phage Display and Affinity Selection Using Recombinant Protein Baits

Using recombinant phage as a scaffold to present various protein portions encoded by a directionally cloned cDNA library to immobilized bait molecules is an efficient means to discover interactions. The technique has largely been used to discover protein-protein interactions but the bait molecule to be challenged need not be restricted to proteins. The protocol presented here has been optimized to allow a modest number of baits to be screened in replicates to maximize the identification of independent clones presenting the same protein. This permits greater confidence that interacting proteins identified are legitimate interactors of the bait molecule. Monitoring the phage titer after each affinity selection round provides information on how the affinity selection is progressing as well as on the efficacy of negative controls. One means of titering the phage, and how and what to prepare in advance to allow this process to progress as efficiently as possible, is presented. Attributes of amplicons retrieved following isolation of independent plaque are highlighted that can be used to ascertain how well the affinity selection has progressed. Trouble shooting techniques to minimize false positives or to bypass persistently recovered phage are explained. Means of reducing viral contamination flare up are discussed.

Phage display is a powerful technique to capture proteins or protein moieties that interact with an immobilized molecule of interest. Once a decision of the type of phage cDNA library to create and screen has been made, the protocol described here permits efficient affinity selection leading to identification of interactors.

재조합 단백질의 미끼를 사용 파지 디스플레이와 궁합 선택을위한 프로토콜

Using  recombinant phage as a scaffold to present various protein portions encoded by  a directionally cloned cDNA library to immobilized bait molecules ...

연구

생물학

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors&#160;integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and the control of gene transcription in the cell nucleus. The kindlins are ~75 kDa multidomain proteins and bind to an NPxY motif and upstream T/S cluster of the integrin &#946;-subunit cytoplasmic tail. The hematopoietically-important kindlin isoform, kindlin-3, is critical for platelet aggregation during thrombus formation, leukocyte rolling in response to infection and inflammation and osteoclast podocyte formation in bone resorption. Kindlin-3&#39;s role in these processes has resulted in extensive cellular and physiological studies. However, there is a need for an efficient method of acquiring high quality milligram quantities of the protein for further studies. We have developed a protocol, here described, for the efficient expression and purification of recombinant murine kindlin-3 by use of a baculovirus-driven expression system in Sf9 cells yielding sufficient amounts of high purity full-length protein to allow its biophysical characterization. The same approach could be taken in the study of the other mammalian kindlin isoforms.

Kindlins are fundamental to cell adhesion through integrins but studies of them have been hampered by the difficulty encountered in expressing them recombinantly in bacterial hosts. We describe here methods for their efficient production in baculovirus-infected insect cells.

의 효율적인 생산 및 정제 재조합 쥐과 Kindlin-3 생물 물리학 연구 곤충 세포에서

Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors&#160;integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and ...

Investigating Protein-protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Assays based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) provide a sensitive and reliable means to monitor protein-protein interactions in live cells. BRET is the non-radiative transfer of energy from a 'donor' luciferase enzyme to an 'acceptor' fluorescent protein. In the most common configuration of this assay, the donor is Renilla reniformis luciferase and the acceptor is Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). Because the efficiency of energy transfer is strongly distance-dependent, observation of the BRET phenomenon requires that the donor and acceptor be in close proximity. To test for an interaction between two proteins of interest in cultured mammalian cells, one protein is expressed as a fusion with luciferase and the second as a fusion with YFP. An interaction between the two proteins of interest may bring the donor and acceptor sufficiently close for energy transfer to occur. Compared to other techniques for investigating protein-protein interactions, the BRET assay is sensitive, requires little hands-on time and few reagents, and is able to detect interactions which are weak, transient, or dependent on the biochemical environment found within a live cell. It is therefore an ideal approach for confirming putative interactions suggested by yeast two-hybrid or mass spectrometry proteomics studies, and in addition it is well-suited for mapping interacting regions, assessing the effect of post-translational modifications on protein-protein interactions, and evaluating the impact of mutations identified in patient DNA.

Interactions between proteins are fundamental to all cellular processes. Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer, the interaction between a pair of proteins can be monitored in live cells and in real time. Furthermore, the effects of potentially pathogenic mutations can be assessed.

생물 발광 공명 에너지 전달을 이용하여 살아있는 세포에서 단백질 - 단백질 상호 작용을 조사

Assays based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) provide a sensitive and reliable means to monitor protein-protein interactions in live ...

Recombinant Protein Expression for Structural Biology in HEK 293F Suspension Cells: A Novel and Accessible Approach

The expression and purification of large amounts of recombinant protein complexes is an essential requirement for structural biology studies. For over two decades, prokaryotic expression systems such as E. coli have dominated the scientific literature over costly and less efficient eukaryotic cell lines. Despite the clear advantage in terms of yields and costs of expressing recombinant proteins in bacteria, the absence of specific co-factors, chaperones and post-translational modifications may cause loss of function, mis-folding and can disrupt protein-protein interactions of certain eukaryotic multi-subunit complexes, surface receptors and secreted proteins. The use of mammalian cell expression systems can address these drawbacks since they provide a eukaryotic expression environment. However, low protein yields and high costs of such methods have until recently limited their use for structural biology. Here we describe a simple and accessible method for expressing and purifying milligram quantities of protein by performing transient transfections of suspension grown HEK (Human Embryonic Kidney) 293F cells.

The expression of recombinant proteins by mammalian systems is becoming an attractive method for producing protein complexes for structural biology. Here we present a simple yet highly efficient expression system using suspension grown mammalian cells to purify protein complexes for structural studies.

소설 및 액세스 접근 : 구조 HEK 293F 서스펜션 세포의 생물학에 대한 재조합 단백질 발현

The expression and purification of large amounts of recombinant protein complexes is an essential requirement for structural biology studies. For over two ...

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

The production of recombinant membrane proteins for structural and functional studies remains technically challenging due to low levels of expression and the inherent instability of many membrane proteins once solubilized in detergents. A protocol is described that combines ligation independent cloning of membrane proteins as GFP fusions with expression in Escherichia coli detected by GFP fluorescence. This enables the construction and expression screening of multiple membrane protein/variants to identify candidates suitable for further investment of time and effort. The GFP reporter is used in a primary screen of expression by visualizing GFP fluorescence following SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Membrane proteins that show both a high expression level with minimum degradation as indicated by the absence of free GFP, are selected for a secondary screen. These constructs are scaled and a total membrane fraction prepared and solubilized in four different detergents. Following ultracentrifugation to remove detergent-insoluble material, lysates are analyzed by fluorescence detection size exclusion chromatography (FSEC). Monitoring the size exclusion profile by GFP fluorescence provides information about the mono-dispersity and integrity of the membrane proteins in different detergents. Protein: detergent combinations that elute with a symmetrical peak with little or no free GFP and minimum aggregation are candidates for subsequent purification. Using the above methodology, the heterologous expression in E. coli of SED (shape, elongation, division, and sporulation) proteins from 47 different species of bacteria was analyzed. These proteins typically have ten transmembrane domains and are essential for cell division. The results show that the production of the SEDs orthologues in E. coli was highly variable with respect to the expression levels and integrity of the GFP fusion proteins. The experiment identified a subset for further investigation.

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

A streamlined approach to screening for the expression of recombinant membrane proteins in Escherichia coli based on fusion to green fluorescent protein is presented.

막 단백질의 녹색 형광 단백질 기반의 표현 상영에<em&gt; 대장균</em

The production of recombinant membrane proteins for structural and functional studies remains technically challenging due to low levels of expression and ...

A Comparative Analysis of Recombinant Protein Expression in Different Biofactories: Bacteria, Insect Cells and Plant Systems

Plant-based systems are considered a valuable platform for the production of recombinant proteins as a result of their well-documented potential for the flexible, low-cost production of high-quality, bioactive products.
In this study, we compared the expression of a target human recombinant protein in traditional fermenter-based cell cultures (bacterial and insect) with plant-based expression systems, both transient and stable.
For each platform, we described the set-up, optimization and length of the production process, the final product quality and the yields and we evaluated provisional production costs, specific for the selected target recombinant protein.
Overall, our results indicate that bacteria are unsuitable for the production of the target protein due to its accumulation within insoluble inclusion bodies. On the other hand, plant-based systems are versatile platforms that allow the production of the selected protein at lower-costs than Baculovirus/insect cell system. In particular, stable transgenic lines displayed the highest-yield of the final product and transient expressing plants the fastest process development. However, not all recombinant proteins may benefit from plant-based systems but the best production platform should be determined empirically with a case-by-case approach, as described here.

In this study the expression of a target human recombinant protein in different production platforms was compared. We focused on traditional fermenter-based cultures and on plants, describing the set-up of each system and highlighting, on the basis of the reported results, the inherent limits and advantages for each platform.

박테리아, 곤충 세포 및 공장 시스템 : 재조합 단백질 다른 Biofactories에서 표현의 비교 분석

Plant-based systems are considered a valuable platform for the production of recombinant proteins as a result of their well-documented potential for the ...

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid decline in renal function and development of the clinical syndrome known as acute kidney injury (AKI). Pharmacological agents used to treat medical circumstances ranging from bacterial infection to cancer, when administered individually or in combination with other drugs, can initiate AKI. Zebrafish are a useful animal model to study the chemical effects on renal function in vivo, as they form an embryonic kidney comprised of nephron functional units that are conserved with higher vertebrates, including humans. Further, zebrafish can be utilized to perform genetic and chemical screens, which provide opportunities to elucidate the cellular and molecular facets of AKI and develop therapeutic strategies such as the identification of nephroprotective molecules. Here, we demonstrate how microinjection into the zebrafish embryo can be utilized as a paradigm for nephrotoxin studies.

Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.

Zebrafish의에서 콩팥 세포 독소 미세 주입은 급성 신장 손상을 모델링하기

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid ...

A Graphical User Interface for Software-assisted Tracking of Protein Concentration in Dynamic Cellular Protrusions

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex signaling mechanisms underlying filopodial initiation, elongation and subsequent stabilization or retraction, it is crucial to determine the spatio-temporal protein activity in these dynamic structures. To analyze protein function in filopodia, we recently developed a semi-automated tracking algorithm that adapts to filopodial shape-changes, thus allowing parallel analysis of protrusion dynamics and relative protein concentration along the whole filopodial length. Here, we present a detailed step-by-step protocol for optimized cell handling, image acquisition and software analysis. We further provide instructions for the use of optional features during image analysis and data representation, as well as troubleshooting guidelines for all critical steps along the way. Finally, we also include a comparison of the described image analysis software with other programs available for filopodia quantification. Together, the presented protocol provides a framework for accurate analysis of protein dynamics in filopodial protrusions using image analysis software.

We present a software solution for semi-automated tracking of relative protein concentration along the length of dynamic cellular protrusions.

동적 세포 돌출부에서 소프트웨어를 이용한 단백질 농도 추적을위한 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex ...

Transient Expression and Cellular Localization of Recombinant Proteins in Cultured Insect Cells

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and the determination of the biochemical function of proteins at the sub-organismal level. Although baculovirus expression systems are increasingly used for protein production in numerous biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications, nonlytic systems that do not involve viral infection have clear benefits but are often overlooked and underutilized. Here, we describe a method for generating nonlytic expression vectors and transient recombinant protein expression. This protocol allows for the efficient cellular localization of recombinant proteins and can be used to rapidly discern protein trafficking within the cell. We show the expression of four&#160;recombinant proteins in a commercially available insect cell line, including two aquaporin proteins from the insect Bemisia tabaci, as well as subcellular marker proteins specific for the cell plasma membrane and for intracellular lysosomes. All recombinant proteins were produced as chimeras with fluorescent protein markers at their carboxyl termini, which allows for the direct detection of the recombinant proteins. The double transfection of cells with plasmids harboring constructs for the genes of interest and a known subcellular marker allows for live cell imaging and improved validation of cellular protein localization.

Nonlytic insect cell expression systems are underutilized for production, cellular trafficking/localization, and recombinant protein functional analysis. Here, we describe methods to generate expression vectors and subsequent transient protein expression in commercially available lepidopteran cell lines. The co-localization of Bemisia tabaci aquaporins with subcellular fluorescent marker proteins is also presented.

배양 된 곤충 세포의 과도 표현 및 재조합 단백질의 세포 현지화

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and ...

E. coli의 재조합 단백질 충전 소포의 생산 및 이미징

Optimized Production and Analysis of Recombinant Protein-Filled Vesicles from E. coli

This innovative system, using a short peptide tag, that exports multiple recombinant proteins in membrane bound vesicles from E. coli, provides an effective solution to a range of problems associated with bacterial recombinant protein expression. These recombinant vesicles compartmentalise proteins within a micro-environment that facilitates the production of otherwise challenging, toxic, insoluble, or disulfide-bond containing proteins from bacteria. Protein yield is increased considerably when compared to typical bacterial expression in the absence of the vesicle-nucleating peptide tag. The release of vesicle-packaged proteins supports isolation from the culture medium&#160;and permits long-term active protein storage. This technology gives rise to increased yields of vesicle-packaged, functional proteins for simplified downstream processing for a diverse range of applications from applied biotechnology to discovery science and medicine. In the present article and the associated video, a detailed protocol of the method is provided, which highlights key steps in the methodology to maximize recombinant protein-filled vesicle production.

저자 스포트라이트: 재조합 단백질의 생산 

The present protocol describes a detailed method for the bacterial production of recombinant proteins, including typically insoluble or disulfide-bond containing proteins, packaged inside extracellular membrane-bound vesicles. This has the potential to be applied to versatile areas of scientific research, including applied biotechnology and medicine.