Name: one-pot microwave-assisted conversion of anomeric nitrate-esters to trichloroacetimidates
Uploaded: 2018-01-15T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates at JoVE.com

Die Autoren möchten Vanderbilt University und des Instituts für chemische Biologie für die finanzielle Unterstützung zu erkennen. Mr. Berkley Ellis und Prof. John McLean sind für High-Resolution Masse Spektralanalyse anerkannt.

(1) Vertreter Mikrowellen-assistierte denitriert
<ol><li>Legen Sie die Azido-Nitrat-Ester (1.0 Äquiv, 0,2 Mmol) in einem 8 mL Mikrowelle Reaktion Phiole. Das Ausmaß der Reaktion kann auf mehrere Mmol ohne nachteilige Auswirkungen auf den Fortschritt der Reaktion erhöht werden.</li>
	<li>Die Azido-Nitrat-Ester in 20 % w.l Aceton (0,1 M, 2,0 mL) auflösen. Das Reaktionsgefäß Pyridin (5,0 Äquiv, 0,08 mL, 1,0 Mmol) hinzufügen. Verschließe das Mikrowellen-Bestrahlung-Fläschchen und legen den Reaktionsbehälter in eine Mikrowelle Reaktorgrube.</li>
	<li>Die Lösung bei 120 ° C für 15 Minuten unter Rühren und mit einer festen Haltezeit zu bestrahlen. Die Haltezeit stellt dar, wie lange die Bestrahlung an der vorgesehenen Temperatur und Druck auftreten wird. Erhitzen Sie alle Reaktionen auf die gemeldete Temperatur über einen Zeitraum von 2 Minuten Rampen. Überwachen Sie die Temperatur durch eine eingebaute IR-Sensor.</li>
	<li>Analysieren Sie nach 15 min das Reaktionsgemisch verwenden Dünnschichtchromatographie (TLC) zur Bestätigung der Verbrauch des Ausgangsmaterials. Als der Eluent verwenden Sie 1:1 Ethylacetat/Hexanes.<ol>
<li>Visualisieren Sie die TLC Platte mit ceric Ammoniumnitrat Molybate Fleck. Rf von Edukt und Produkt variieren, aber die Reduzierung Alkohol ist in der Regel 0,05 bis 0,1 niedrigere Rf als das Edukt.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>(2) Bildung von der Trichloracetimidat
<ol><li>Nach vollständigen Verbrauch des Ausgangsmaterials Verdunsten des Lösungsmittels zu einem reduzierten Volumen mit einer Fluggesellschaft. Dann mit (Dichlormethan) CH2Cl2 (1,0 mL) verdünnen Sie und verwenden Sie eine Spritze, um die Wasserschicht zu entfernen. Sobald die Wasserschicht entfernt wird, kühlen des Reaktionsgemisches auf 0 ° C mit einer Eis-Wasserbad.</li>
	<li>Als nächstes fügen Sie DBU (10 Eq, 0,3 mL, 1,9 Mmol) und 2,2,2-Trichloroacetonitrile (50 Eq, 1,0 mL, 10 Mmol) in das Reaktionsgefäß. Beide Reagenzien werden im Übermaß hinzugefügt und ein Minimum von 1 entspricht der Basis und 1 Äquivalent von 2,2,2-Trichloroacetonitrile erforderlich.</li>
	<li>Lassen Sie das Reaktionsgemisch zu rühren während der Erwärmung auf Umgebungstemperatur. Beobachten Sie die Reaktion von TLC, Verbrauch des Ausgangsmaterials zu bestätigen.<ol>
<li>Als der Eluent verwenden Sie 1:1 Ethylacetat/Hexanes. Visualisieren Sie die TLC Platte mit ceric Ammoniumnitrat Molybate Fleck. R-f von Edukt und Produkt variieren.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Nach dem kompletten Verbrauch des Ausgangsmaterials das Reaktionsgemisch auf eine Erholung Kolben übertragen und konzentrieren sich die Mischung im Vakuum bei 30 ° C. Verdunstung des Lösungsmittels wird eine grobe hellgelbe bis braune Öl liefern.</li>
	<li>Reinigen Sie das Rohprodukt durch Säulenchromatographie Silikagel eine Chromatographiesäule 1,5 cm mit 1:4 Ethylacetat/Hexanes als Eluent. Die physische Form des der imidate variiert von Molekül zu Molekül.</li>
</ol><img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56610/56610fig1v3.jpg"> Abbildung 1. Repräsentative Beispiele für die ein-Topf-Umwandlung von 2-Azido-1-Nitrat Ester in 2-Azido-1-Trichloroimidates. <a href="//cloudflare.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56610/56610fig1v3large.jpg" target="_blank">Bitte klicken Sie hier für eine größere Version dieser Figur.</a>

<ol>
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V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+trends+in+the+synthesis+of+O-glycosides+of+2-amino-2-deoxysugars.">Recent trends in the synthesis of O-glycosides of 2-amino-2-deoxysugars.</a> Carbohydr. Res. 342 (3-4), 374-406 (2007).</li><li>Feizi, T., Fazio, F., Chai, W. C., Wong, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbohydrate+microarrays+-+a+new+set+of+technologies+at+the+frontiers+of+glycomics.">Carbohydrate microarrays - a new set of technologies at the frontiers of glycomics.</a> Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 13 (5), 637-645 (2003).</li><li>Palmacci, E. R., Plante, O. J., Seeberger, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligosaccharide+synthesis+in+solution+and+on+solid+support+with+glycosyl+phosphates.">Oligosaccharide synthesis in solution and on solid support with glycosyl phosphates.</a> Eur. J. Org. Chem. (4), 595-606 (2002).</li><li>Stallforth, P., Lepenies, B., Adibekian, A., Seeberger, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2009+Claude+S.+Hudson+Award+in+Carbohydrate+Chemistry.+Carbohydrates:+a+frontier+in+medicinal+chemistry.">2009 Claude S. Hudson Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Carbohydrates: a frontier in medicinal chemistry.</a> J. Med. Chem. 52 (18), 5561-5577 (2009).</li><li>Danishefsky, S. J., Mcclure, K. F., Randolph, J. T., Ruggeri, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Strategy+for+the+Solid-Phase+Synthesis+of+Oligosaccharides.">A Strategy for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides.</a> Science. 260 (5112), 1307-1309 (1993).</li><li>Demchenko, A. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereoselective+chemical+1,2-cis+O-glycosylation:+From+'sugar+ray'+to+modern+techniques+of+the+21st+century.">Stereoselective chemical 1,2-cis O-glycosylation: From 'sugar ray' to modern techniques of the 21st century.</a> Synlett. (9), 1225-1240 (2003).</li><li>Fraserreid, B., Wu, Z. F., Udodong, U. E., Ottosson, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Armed-Disarmed+Effects+in+Glycosyl+Donors+-+Rationalization+and+Sidetracking.">Armed-Disarmed Effects in Glycosyl Donors - Rationalization and Sidetracking.</a> J. Org. Chem. 55 (25), 6068-6070 (1990).</li><li>Bohe, L., Crich, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+propos+of+glycosyl+cations+and+the+mechanism+of+chemical+glycosylation;+the+current+state+of+the+art.">A propos of glycosyl cations and the mechanism of chemical glycosylation; the current state of the art.</a> Carbohydr. Res. 403, 48-59 (2015).</li><li>Toshima, K., Tatsuta, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+Progress+in+O-Glycosylation+Methods+and+Its+Application+to+Natural-Products+Synthesis.">Recent Progress in O-Glycosylation Methods and Its Application to Natural-Products Synthesis.</a> Chem. Rev. 93 (4), 1503-1531 (1993).</li><li>Koenigs, W., Knorr, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ueber+einige+Derivate+des+Traubenzuckers+und+der+Galactose.">Ueber einige Derivate des Traubenzuckers und der Galactose.</a> Chem. Ber. 34 (1), 957-981 (1901).</li><li>Mukaiyama, T., Murai, Y., Shoda, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Efficient+Method+for+Glucosylation+of+Hydroxy+Compounds+Using+Glucopyranosyl+Fluoride.">An Efficient Method for Glucosylation of Hydroxy Compounds Using Glucopyranosyl Fluoride.</a> Chem. Lett. (3), 431-432 (1981).</li><li>Meloncelli, P. J., Martin, A. D., Lowary, T. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycosyl+iodides.+History+and+recent+advances.">Glycosyl iodides. 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R., Toepfer, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycosylation+with+highly+reactive+glycosyl+donors:+efficiency+of+the+inverse+procedure.">Glycosylation with highly reactive glycosyl donors: efficiency of the inverse procedure.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 32 (28), 3353-3356 (1991).</li><li>Keith, D. J., Townsend, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct,+microwave-assisted+substitution+of+anomeric+nitrate-esters.">Direct, microwave-assisted substitution of anomeric nitrate-esters.</a> Carbohydr. 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Die Autoren haben keinen finanziellen Interessenkonflikt.

Das Protokoll in diesem Tutorial beschrieben stellt eine Methode zum Konvertieren von Nitrat Ester in nützliche, reaktive Funktionalität. In einem weiteren Sinne hat beschäftigen einen Mikrowelle Reaktor bestimmte Manöver im Laufe einer Kohlenhydrat Synthese abgeschlossen das Potenzial, schwere Transformationen facile und Routine zu machen. Unser Ziel in diesem Tutorial soll zeigen, wie man Kohlenhydrate im Rahmen der Mikrowellenstrahlung zu behandeln.
Im Falle der übergeordneten Reaktion...

Wegen ihrer Allgegenwart in der Molekularbiologie wurden Kohlenhydrate langjährige Ziele für chemische Synthese. 1 , 2 , 3 der Kern jeder erfolgreichen synthetische Kampagne ist der richtige Einsatz von Glycosylation Reaktionen auf die Oligosaccharid-Kette zu bauen. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 nicht überraschend, es gibt eine große Anzahl von Methoden, Glykosid-Bindungen zu installieren. 13 , 14 der Koenigs-Knorr-Methode ist eines der frühesten bekannten Verfahren und beinhaltet ein a1-Chlorid oder Brom mit einer alkoholischen Komponente, in der Regel unter Schwermetallen (Quecksilber oder Silber) Aktivierung Kupplung. 15 Verwandte a1 Fluoride wurden erstmals als Spender im Jahr 1981 von der Mukaiyama-Gruppe und weit verbreitete Anwendung wegen ihrer erhöhten thermischen und chemischen Stabilität gefunden haben. 16 am entgegengesetzten Ende des Spektrums Reaktivität sind a1 Jodide, die sehr viel reaktiver als die anderen Halogenide sind. Erhöhte Reaktivität wird durch erhöhte Stereocontrol, besonders wenn bilden α-linked Oligosaccharide begleitet. 17 neben "Haloglycosides", haben Thioglycosides breite Dienstprogramm, zum Teil wegen ihrer Leichtigkeit der Formation, Stabilität zu einer Vielzahl von Reaktionsbedingungen und Aktivierung mit elektrophiler Reagenzien gefunden. 18
Zum Konvertieren von Anomeric Alkohol zu einer "nicht-Sauerstoff" mit latenten Gruppe, die aktiviert ist und letztlich verdrängt durch eine Alkohol aus einem Akzeptor Molekül verlassen oben beschriebenen Methoden. Anomeric Sauerstoff-Aktivierung wie beschrieben von der Schmidt-Schule, konzentriert sich auf eine Gruppe verlassen die C1-Sauerstoff umwandeln. 19 dieser Methode ist die mächtigste und in chemischen Glycosylation Reaktionen eingesetzt. Trichloracetimidat Spender sind leicht aus einer reduzierenden Zucker und Trichloroacetonitrile in Gegenwart einer Base wie Kaliumcarbonat (K2CO3) oder 1,8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] Undec-7-ene (DBU) bereit. Diese Arten sind dann mit Lewis-Säuren aktiviert. 20
Vor kurzem haben wir berichtet, dass 2-Azido-1-Trichloracetimidat-Geber direkt aus Glycals hergestellt werden können. Der Prozess umfasst zwei Reaktion, ein-Topf-Verfahren aus 2-Azido-1-Nitrat-Ester. 21 dieses ausführliche Protokoll soll Praktikern helfen bei erfolgreichem Abschluss der Transformation in hoher Ausbeute. Von besonderem Interesse ist der erste Schritt der Sequenz, dessen Mittelpunkt der thermischen denitriert unter Mikrowellen - Heizung unterstützt. Wir hoffen auch gern eine visuelle Anleitung Mikrowelle Reaktoren in der organischen Synthese beschäftigen.

<table><tbody><tr><td>230 400 mesh silica gel</td><td>SiliCycle Inc</td><td>R10030B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TLC plates</td><td>SiliCycle Inc</td><td>TLG-R10014B-527</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceric ammonium molybdate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A1343</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Solvent Still</td><td>Mbraun</td><td>MB-SPS-800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Infared spectrometer</td><td>Thermo</td><td>Thermo Electron IR100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</td><td>Bruker</td><td></td><td>400, 600 MHz</td></tr><tr><td>LC/MS</td><td>Thermo/Dionex</td><td></td><td>Single quad, ESI</td></tr><tr><td>HRMS</td><td>Agilent</td><td>Synapt G2 S HDMS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microwave reactor</td><td>Anton Parr</td><td>Anton Parr G10 Monowave 200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DBU</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>139009</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;CN</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T53805</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pyridine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>270970</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A18-20</td><td>Tech. grade</td></tr><tr><td>Phase separator</td><td>Biotage</td><td>120-1901-A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotary evaporator</td><td>Buchi</td><td>R-100</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

one-pot microwave-assisted conversion of anomeric nitrate-esters to trichloroacetimidates

Das Ziel des folgenden Verfahrens soll eine Demonstration, die ein-Topf-Umwandlung von einer 2-Azido-1-Nitrat-Ester zu einem Trichloracetimidat-a1-Spender zur Verfügung zu stellen. Im Anschluss an Azido-Nitrierung von einer Glycal kann die Produkt 2-Azido-1-Nitrat Ester unter Bestrahlung mit Mikrowellen-gestützte hydrolysiert. Diese Umwandlung erfolgt in der Regel über stark nucleophilen Reagenzien und längere Reaktionszeiten. Mikrowellenstrahlung verursacht Hydrolyse, in Ermangelung von Reagenzien, mit kurzen Reaktionszeiten. Nach denitriert ist die mittlere Anomeric Alkohol in den gleichen Topf, um die entsprechenden 2-Azido-1-Trichloracetimidat umgewandelt.

Die hierin beschriebene Technik zeigte sich auf einen Pool von drei 2-Azido-1-Nitrat-Ester. In jedem Fall war der erste Schritt der Reaktion innerhalb von 20 Minuten abgeschlossen.
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56610/56610fig2v3.jpg"> Abbildung 2. Repräsentatives Beispiel der Hydrolyse (1 -2>), und ein-Topf-Umwandlung von 2-Azido-1-Nitrat Ester v...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates at JoVE.com

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Ein-Topf Mikrowellen-gestützte Umwandlung des Anomeric Nitrat-Ester und Trichloroacetimidates

Eine 2-Azido-1-Nitrat-Ester kann in den entsprechenden 2-Azido-1-Trichloracetimidat in einem ein-Topf-Verfahren konvertiert werden. Das Manuskript soll Dienstprogramm des Reaktors Mikrowelle im Kohlenhydrat Synthese zu demonstrieren.

The goal of the following procedure is to provide a demonstration of the one-pot conversion of a 2-azido-1-nitrate-ester to a trichloroacetimidate ...

one-pot-microwave-assisted-conversion-anomeric-nitrate-esters-to

Research

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Chemistry

7.4K Aufrufe.  Vanderbilt University. Eine 2-Azido-1-Nitrat-Ester kann in den entsprechenden 2-Azido-1-Trichloracetimidat in einem ein-Topf-Verfahren konvertiert werden. Das Manuskript soll Dienstprogramm des Reaktors Mikrowelle im Kohlenhydrat Synthese zu demonstrieren.

Serie: One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order to streamline synthesis by saving steps, time and material compared to conventional methods that require the introduction and removal of activating or directing groups. Therefore, the functionalization of C-H bonds is also attractive for green chemistry. Under oxidative conditions, two C-H bonds or one C-H and one heteroatom-H bond can be transformed to C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, respectively. Often these oxidative coupling reactions require synthetic oxidants, expensive catalysts or high temperatures. Here, we describe a two-step procedure to functionalize indole derivatives, more specifically tetrahydrocarbazoles, by C-H amination using only elemental oxygen as oxidant. The reaction uses the principle of C-H functionalization via Intermediate PeroxideS (CHIPS). In the first step, a hydroperoxide is generated oxidatively using visible light, a photosensitizer and elemental oxygen. In the second step, the N-nucleophile, an aniline, is introduced by Br&#248;nsted-acid catalyzed activation of the hydroperoxide leaving group. The products of the first and second step often precipitate and can be conveniently filtered off. The synthesis of a biologically active compound is shown.

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

A two-step procedure for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active indole-derivatives by C-H functionalization with anilines is described, using photo- and Br&#248;nsted acid catalysis.

Synthese von Antivirale Tetrahydrocarbazolderivate durch photochemische und Säure-katalysierten CH-Funktionalisierung über Zwischen Peroxide (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order ...

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Chemie

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

In organic chemistry ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as safe and recyclable reaction solvents. In the presence of a base ILs can be deprotonated to form catalytically active N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). Here we have used ILs as precatalysts in the addition of &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated aldehydes to chalcones to form 1,6-ketoesters, incorporating an anti-diphenyl moiety in a highly stereoselective fashion. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and several functional groups and heteroaromatics can be integrated into the ketoester backbone in generally good yields with maintained stereoselectivity. The reaction protocol is robust and scalable. The starting materials are inexpensive and the products can be obtained after simple filtration, avoiding solvent-demanding chromatography. Furthermore, the IL can be recycled up to 5 times without any loss of reactivity. Moreover, the 1,6-ketoester end product is a potent gelator in several hydrocarbon based solvents. The method enables rapid access to and evaluation of a new class of low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) from recyclable and inexpensive starting materials.

Ionic liquids (ILs) mediate fast, simple and cheap access to 1,6-ketoesters in high diastereoselectivities and good yields. The reaction protocol is robust and the 1,6-ketoesters can be obtained in gram scale after a simple filtration protocol. Moreover, the 1,6-ketoesters are potent gelators in hydrocarbon solvents.

Hochstereoselektive Synthese von 1,6-Ketoester durch Ionische Flüssigkeiten vermittelte: Ein Dreikomponentenreaktion zur raschen Zugang zu einer neuen Klasse von niedermolekularen Gelbildner

In organic chemistry ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as safe and recyclable reaction solvents. In the presence of a base ILs can be deprotonated to form ...

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated aromatic compounds remains a formidable challenge in organic synthesis. Conventional approaches often suffer from poor substrate scope, or require use of highly toxic, difficult-to-handle, and/or thermally labile reagents. Herein, we report a user-friendly protocol for the synthesis of methyl 4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate using 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (Togni reagent II). Treating methyl 4-(N-hydroxyacetamido)benzoate (1a) with Togni reagent II in the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) in chloroform at RT afforded methyl 4-(N-(trifluoromethoxy)acetamido)benzoate (2a). This intermediate was then converted to the final product methyl 4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate (3a) in nitromethane at 120 &#176;C. This procedure is general and can be applied to the synthesis of a broad spectrum of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives, which could serve as useful synthetic building blocks for the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials.

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

An operationally simple procedure for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives via a two-step sequence of O-trifluoromethylation of N-aryl-N-hydroxyacetamide followed by thermally induced intramolecular OCF3-migration is reported.

Protokoll für die Synthese von<em&gt; Ortho</em&gt; -trifluoromethoxylated Anilin-Derivate

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Direct cross-coupling between two alkenes via vinylic C-H bond activation represents an efficient strategy for the synthesis of butadienes with high atomic and step economy. However, this functionality-directed cross-coupling reaction has not been developed, as there are still limited directing groups in practical use. In particular, a stoichiometric amount of oxidant is usually required, producing a large amount of waste. Due to our interest in novel 1,3-butadiene synthesis, we describe the ruthenium-catalyzed olefination of electron-deficient alkenes using allyl acetate and without external oxidant. The reaction of 2-phenyl acrylamide and allyl acetate was chosen as a model reaction, and the desired diene product was obtained in 80% isolated yield with good stereoselectivity (Z,E/Z,Z = 88:12) under optimal conditions: [Ru(p-cymene) Cl2]2 (3 mol %) and AgSbF6 (20 mol %) in DCE at 110 &#186;C for 16 h. With the optimized catalytic conditions in hand, representative &#945;- and/or &#946;-substituted acrylamides were investigated, and all reacted smoothly, regardless of aliphatic or aromatic groups. Also, differently N-substituted acrylamides have proven to be good substrates. Moreover, we examined the reactivity of different allyl derivatives, suggesting that the chelation of acetate oxygen to the metal is crucial for the catalytic process. Deuterium-labeled experiments were also conducted to investigate the reaction mechanism. Only Z-selective H/D exchanges on acrylamide were observed, indicating a reversible cyclometalation event. In addition, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 3.2 was observed in the intermolecular isotopic study, suggesting that the olefinic C-H metalation step is probably involved in the rate-determining step.

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

The ruthenium-catalyzed olefination of electron-deficient alkenes with allyl acetate is described here. By using aminocarbonyl as a directing group, this external oxidant-free protocol has high efficiency and good stereo- and regioselectivity, opening a novel synthetic route to (Z,E)-butadiene skeletons.

Facile Vorbereitung von (2<em&gt; Z</em&gt;, 4<em&gt; E</em&gt;) - Dienamide durch Olefinierung von elektronenarmen Alkenen mit Allylacetat

Direct cross-coupling between two alkenes via vinylic C-H bond activation represents an efficient strategy for the synthesis of butadienes with high ...

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Decomposition of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with rhodium(II) acetate dimer in the presence of alcohols forms synthetically versatile N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides, which react under a variety of conditions to afford useful N- and O-containing compounds. Acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols or thiols to N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide-containing phthalans provides access to ketals and thioketals, respectively. Selective reduction of the vinyl group in N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide-containing phthalans via hydrogenation yields the corresponding phthalan in good yield, whereas reduction with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminumhydride generates a ring-opened phenethylamine analogue. Because the N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide functional group is synthetically versatile, but often hydrolytically unstable, this protocol emphasizes key techniques in preparing, handling, and reacting these pivotal substrates in several useful transformations.

Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Representative experimental procedures for the synthesis of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides and subsequent conversion to phthalan and phenethylamine derivatives are presented in detail.

Vorbereitung der N-(2-alkoxyvinyl) Sulfonamide von N- Tosyl-1,2,3-Triazole und die anschließende Umwandlung ersetzt Phthalans und Phenethylamine

Decomposition of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with rhodium(II) acetate dimer in the presence of alcohols forms synthetically versatile ...

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

The conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls represents an important method to generate C&#8211;C bonds in the preparation of all-carbon quaternary centers. Though conjugate additions of organometallic reagents are typically performed utilizing highly reactive organolithium or Grignard reagents, organozinc reagents have garnered attention for their enhanced chemoselectivity and mild reactivity. Despite numerous recent advances with more reactive diorganozinc and mixed diorganozinc reagents, the generation of all-carbon quaternary centers via the conjugate addition of functionalized monoorganozinc reagents remains a challenge. This protocol details a convenient and mild &#8220;one-pot&#8221; preparation and copper mediated conjugate addition of functionalized monoorganozinc bromides to cyclic &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls to afford a broad scope of all-carbon quaternary centers in generally excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. Key to the development of this technology is the utilization of DMA as a reaction solvent with TMSCl as a Lewis acid. Notable advantages to this methodology include the operational simplicity of the organozinc reagent preparation afforded by the utilization of DMA as a solvent, as well as an efficient conjugate addition mediated by various Cu(I) and Cu(II) salts. Moreover, an intermediate silyl enol ether can be isolated utilizing a modified workup procedure. The substrate scope is limited to cyclic unsaturated ketones, and the conjugate addition is impeded by stabilized (e.g., allyl, enolate, homoenolate) and sterically encumbered (e.g., neopentyl, o-aryl) monoorganozinc reagents. Conjugate additions to five- and seven-membered rings were effective, albeit in lower yields compared with six-membered ring substrates.

A simple and practical protocol for the efficient conjugate addition of functionalized monoorganozinc bromides to cyclic &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls to furnish all-carbon quaternary centers was developed.

Effiziente Synthese von All-Carbon-Quaternärszentren über die Conjugate-Ergänzung der funktionalisierten monoorganozinischen Bromides

The conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls represents an important method to generate C&#8211;C bonds in the ...

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

A synthetic process for the preparation of a variety of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines was developed. The microwave-mediated nature of this method makes it efficient in both time and resources and utilizes water as the solvent. 3-Aminocrotononitrile or an appropriate &#945;-cyanoketone is combined with an aryl hydrazine and dissolved in 1 M HCl. The mixture is then heated in a microwave reactor at 150 &#176;C, typically for 10-15 min. The product can be readily obtained by basifying the solution with 10% NaOH and isolating the desired compound with a simple vacuum filtration. The use of water as a solvent in this reaction lends to its ease and utility in production, and this method is easily reproducible with a variety of functional groups. Typical isolated yields range from 70-90%, and reactions can be performed on the milligram to gram scale with little to no change in observed yields. Some of the applications of these molecules and their derivatives include pesticides, anti-malarials, and chemotherapeutics, among many others.

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines are prepared from aryl hydrazines combined with either 3-aminocrotononitrile or an &#945;-cyanoketone in a 1 M HCl solution using a microwave reactor. Most reactions are done in 10-15 minutes and pure product can be obtained via vacuum filtration with typical isolated yields of 70-90%.

Mikrowellengestützte Zubereitung von 1-Aryl-1 H-Pyrazol-5-Aminen

A synthetic process for the preparation of a variety of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines was developed. The microwave-mediated nature of this method makes it ...

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

aza-Michael adducts of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron are synthesized by two different methods. Primary aliphatic amines and cyclic secondary amines participate in a direct aza-Michael reaction with tricarbonyl(tropone)iron under solvent-free conditions. Less nucleophilic aniline derivatives and more hindered secondary amines add efficiently to the cationic tropone complex formed by protonation of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron. While the protocol utilizing the cationic complex is less efficient overall for accessing the aza-Michael adducts than the direct, solvent-free addition to the neutral complex, it allows the use of a broader range of amine nucleophiles. Following protection of the amine of the aza-Michael adduct as a tert-butyl carbamate, the diene is decomplexed from the iron tricarbonyl fragment upon treatment with cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate to provide derivatives of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one. These products can serve as precursors to diverse compounds containing a seven-membered carbocyclic ring. Because the demetallation requires protection of the amine as a carbamate, the aza-Michael adducts of secondary amines cannot be decomplexed using the protocol described here.

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyltroponeiron

Representative experimental procedures for the addition of amine nucleophiles to tricarbonyl(tropone)iron and subsequent demetallation of the resulting complexes are presented in detail.

Herstellung von 6-Aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivaten über Tricarbonyl(Tropon)Eisen

aza-Michael adducts of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron are synthesized by two different methods. Primary aliphatic amines and cyclic secondary amines participate ...

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

CO2 transformations using a one-pot two-step method are presented herein. The purpose of the method is to give access to a variety of value-added products and notably to generate chiral carbon centers. The crucial first step consists in the selective double hydroboration of CO2 catalyzed by an iron hydride complex. The product obtained with this 4 e- reduction is a rare bis(boryl)acetal, compound 1, which is subjected in situ to three different reactions in a second step. The first reaction concerns a condensation reaction with (diisopropyl)phenylamine affording the corresponding imine 2. In the second and third reaction, intermediate 1 reacts with triazol-5-ylidene (Enders&#39; carbene) to afford compounds 3 or 4, depending on the reaction conditions. In both compounds, C-C bonds are formed, and chiral centers are generated from CO2 as the only source of carbon. Compound 4 exhibits two chiral centers obtained in a diastereoselective manner in a formose-type mechanism. We proved that the remaining boryl fragment plays a key role in this unprecedented stereocontrol. The interest of the method stands on the reactive and versatile nature of 1, giving rise to various complex molecules from a single intermediate. The complexity of a two-step method is compensated by the overall short reaction time (2 h for the larger reaction time), and mild reaction conditions (25 &#176;C to 80 &#176;C and 1 to 3 atm of CO2).

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

CO2 transformations are conducted in a one-pot two-step procedure for the synthesis of complex molecules. The selective 4 e- reduction of CO2 with a hydroborane reductant affords a reactive and versatile bis(boryl)acetal intermediate which is subsequently involved in condensation reaction or carbene-mediated C-C coupling generation.

Vielseitige CO 2-Transformationen in komplexe Produkte: Eine Zwei-Schritte-Strategie

CO2 transformations using a one-pot two-step method are presented herein. The purpose of the method is to give access to a variety of value-added products ...

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

Heteroarylation introduces heteroaryl fragments to organic molecules. Despite the numerous available reactions reported for arylation via transition metal catalysis, the literature on direct heteroarylation is scarce. The presence of heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen often make heteroarylation a challenging research field due to catalyst poisoning, product decomposition and the rest. This protocol details a highly efficient direct &#945;-C(sp3) heteroarylation of ketones under microwave irradiation. Key factors for successful heteroarylation include the use of XPhos Palladacycle Gen. 4 Catalyst, excess base to suppress side reactions and the high temperature and pressure achieved in a sealed reaction vial under microwave irradiation. The heteroarylation compounds prepared by this method were fully characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). This methodology has several advantages over literature precedents including broad substrate scope, rapid reaction time, greener procedure and operational simplicity by eliminating the preparation of intermediates such as silyl enol ether. Possible applications for this protocol include, but are not limited to, diversity-oriented synthesis for the discovery of biologically active small molecules, domino synthesis for the preparation of natural products and ligand development for new transition metal catalytic systems.

Heteroaryl compounds are important molecules utilized in organic synthesis, medicinal and biological chemistry. A microwave-assisted heteroarylation using palladium catalysis provides a rapid and efficient method to attach heteroaryl moieties directly to ketone substrates.

Eine Mikrowellen-unterstützte direkte Heteroarylation von Ketonen mit Übergangsmetallkatalyse

Heteroarylation introduces heteroaryl fragments to organic molecules. Despite the numerous available reactions reported for arylation via transition metal ...

Ein-Topf Mikrowellen-gestützte Umwandlung des Anomeric Nitrat-Ester und Trichloroacetimidates

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