Chapter 8
Motivation and Emotion
Introducción a la Motivación y la Emoción
Motivation is a process of initiating, guiding, and maintaining actions to fulfill physiological or psychological needs or desires.
For example, feeling ...
Ciclo Motivacional
The motivational cycle is a psychological framework that explains how individuals are driven to fulfill their needs, achieve goals, and restore ...
Motivos principales: hambre y sed
Hunger and thirst are two basic physiological drives that guide survival behaviors in humans and animals.
Hunger is triggered when the brain detects ...
Motivos principales: sueño, sexo y evitación del dolor
Sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are key physiological motives that shape human and animal behavior.
Sleep, regulated by the hypothalamus and brainstem, ...
Motivos Secundarios: Motivación de Poder y Motivación de Logro
Power motivation and achievement motivation are two key social motives identified by psychologist David McClelland.
Power motivation refers to the desire ...
Motivos Secundarios: Motivación de Afiliación y Motivación de Agresión
Affiliation motivation is the innate need to connect with others and belong to a social group and is crucial for maintaining relationships and overall ...
Teoría del instinto
Instinct theory suggests that humans have innate instincts that drive their behavior and decision-making.
Similar to how animals rely on instincts for ...
Teoría de la Reducción de la Pulsión: Teoría de la Motivación
Clark Hull introduced the drive-reduction theory, often called the push theory of motivation.
This theory explains how biological drives such as hunger or ...
Teoría del Incentivo: Teoría de la Atracción de la Motivación
Incentive theory, or the pull theory of motivation, suggests that behavior is explained by the external stimulus and its rewarding properties, such as ...
Teoría de la excitación óptima
The optimal arousal theory is based on the Yerkes-Dodson law, formulated by Robert Yerkes and John Dodson. This law illustrates the relationship between ...
Teoría de la jerarquía de necesidades de Maslow
Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation is organized as a hierarchy of needs, where lower-level needs must be satisfied before pursuing higher ...
La teoría de la autodeterminación de Ryan y Deci
Self-determination theory, pioneered by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, focuses on three fundamental organismic needs: autonomy, competence, and ...
Fisiología de la emoción
The physiology of emotions involves complex interactions between the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
The ...
Expresión emocional
Emotional expression refers to how people show their feelings through spoken words and non-verbal actions.
This includes facial expressions, body ...
Etiquetando la emoción
Emotional labeling refers to the cognitive process of identifying and naming emotions such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness.
Emotional labeling is ...
Teorías fisiológicas: Teoría de la emoción de James-Lange
The James-Lange theory of emotion, developed by William James and Carl Lange, suggests that emotions arise from physiological reactions to external ...
Teorías fisiológicas: Teoría de la emoción de Cannon-Bard
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion was developed by physiologists Walter Cannon and Philip Bard to explain the relationship between emotions and ...
Teorías cognitivas: Teoría de la emoción de Schachter-Singer
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, focusing on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. According to ...
Teorías cognitivas: Teoría Mediacional de la Emoción de Lázaro
Richard Lazarus's cognitive mediational theory emphasizes the role of cognitive interpretation or appraisal. This appraisal mediates between the ...
Hipótesis de la retroalimentación facial
Charles Darwin argued that facial expressions evolved to communicate intentions like threat or fear and are universal across species, not ...
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