Los autores agradecen a Pascal Paschenda y Mareike Schulz por su asistencia técnica.

<ol>
	<li>Puhl, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+viscosity+histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate+graft+flush+improves+subsequent+extended+cold+storage+in+University+of+Wisconsin+solution+in+an+extracorporeal+rat+liver+perfusion+and+rat+liver+transplantation+model.">Low viscosity histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate graft flush improves subsequent extended cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution in an extracorporeal rat liver perfusion and rat liver transplantation model.</a> Liver Transpl. 12, 1841-1849 (2006).</li><li>Yagi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+Preservation+and+Microcirculation+with+POLYSOL+After+Partial+Liver+Transplantation+in+Rats.">Improved Preservation and Microcirculation with POLYSOL After Partial Liver Transplantation in Rats.</a> J Surg Res. 167, e375-e383 (2011).</li><li>Engemann, R., Ulrichs, K., Thiede, A., Muller-Ruchholtz, W., Hamelmann, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Value+of+a+physiological+liver+transplant+model+in+rats.+Induction+of+specific+graft+tolerance+in+a+fully+allogeneic+strain+combination.">Value of a physiological liver transplant model in rats. Induction of specific graft tolerance in a fully allogeneic strain combination.</a> Transplantation. 33, 566-568 (1982).</li><li>Sumimoto, R., Shinomiya, T., Yamaguchi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+hepatic+arterial+blood+flow+in+rats+with+liver+transplants.+Examination+of+donor+liver-derived+serum+class+I+MHC+antigen+in+rats+with+liver+transplants+with+or+without+hepatic+arterial+reconstruction.">Influence of hepatic arterial blood flow in rats with liver transplants. Examination of donor liver-derived serum class I MHC antigen in rats with liver transplants with or without hepatic arterial reconstruction.</a> Transplantation. 51, 1138-1139 (1991).</li><li>Chaland, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+liver+transplantation+with+hepatic+artery+anastomoses.+Hemodynamics+and+response+to+hemorrhage+in+conscious+rats.">Orthotopic liver transplantation with hepatic artery anastomoses. Hemodynamics and response to hemorrhage in conscious rats.</a> Transplantation. 49, 675-678 (1990).</li><li>Imamura, H., Rocheleau, B., Cote, J., Huet, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+consequence+of+rat+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+with+and+without+hepatic+arterial+reconstruction:+a+clinical,+pathological,+and+hemodynamic+study.">Long-term consequence of rat orthotopic liver transplantation with and without hepatic arterial reconstruction: a clinical, pathological, and hemodynamic study.</a> Hepatology. 26, 198-205 (1997).</li><li>Zhong, Z., Theruvath, T. P., Currin, R. T., Waldmeier, P. C., Lemasters, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIM811,+a+mitochondrial+permeability+transition+inhibitor,+prevents+mitochondrial+depolarization+in+small-for-size+rat+liver+grafts.">NIM811, a mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor, prevents mitochondrial depolarization in small-for-size rat liver grafts.</a> Am. J. Transplant. 7, 1103-1111 (2007).</li><li>Spiegel, H. U., Palmes, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+techniques+of+orthotopic+rat+liver+transplantation.">Surgical techniques of orthotopic rat liver transplantation.</a> J. Invest. Surg. 11, 83-96 (1998).</li><li>Lee, S., Charters, A. C., Chandler, J. G., Orloff, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+technique+for+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">A technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 16, 664-669 (1973).</li><li>Lee, S., Charters, A. C., Orloff, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+technic+for+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">Simplified technic for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Am. J. Surg. 130, 38-40 (1975).</li><li>Kamada, N., Calne, R. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.+Technique+using+cuff+for+portal+vein+anastomosis+and+biliary+drainage.">Orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. Technique using cuff for portal vein anastomosis and biliary drainage.</a> Transplantation. 28, 47-50 (1979).</li><li>Howden, B., Jablonski, P., Grossman, H., Marshall, V. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+importance+of+the+hepatic+artery+in+rat+liver+transplantation.">The importance of the hepatic artery in rat liver transplantation.</a> Transplantation. 47, 428-431 (1989).</li><li>Gao, W., Lemasters, J. J., Thurman, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+new+method+for+hepatic+rearterialization+in+rat+orthotopic+liver+transplantation.+Reduction+of+liver+injury+and+improvement+of+surgical+outcome+by+arterialization.">Development of a new method for hepatic rearterialization in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. Reduction of liver injury and improvement of surgical outcome by arterialization.</a> Transplantation. 56, 19-24 (1993).</li><li>Zhao, D., Zimmermann, A., Wheatley, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphometry+of+the+liver+after+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat:+significance+of+an+intact+arterial+supply.">Morphometry of the liver after liver transplantation in the rat: significance of an intact arterial supply.</a> Hepatology. 17, 310-317 (1993).</li><li>Omura, T., Ascher, N. L., Emond, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fifty-percent+partial+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">Fifty-percent partial liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 62, 292-293 (1996).</li><li>Lehmann, T. G., Bunzendahl, H., Langrehr, J. M., Neuhaus, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arterial+reconstruction+in+rat+liver+transplantation--development+of+a+new+tubing+technique+of+the+common+hepatic+artery.">Arterial reconstruction in rat liver transplantation--development of a new tubing technique of the common hepatic artery.</a> Transpl. Int. 18, 56-64 (2005).</li><li>Reck, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+arterialization+on+hepatic+oxygen+supply,+tissue+energy+phosphates,+and+outcome+after+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">Impact of arterialization on hepatic oxygen supply, tissue energy phosphates, and outcome after liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 62, 582-587 (1996).</li><li>Hasuike, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+with+arterial+reconstruction+in+rats.">A simple method for orthotopic liver transplantation with arterial reconstruction in rats.</a> Transplantation. 45, 830-832 (1988).</li><li>Steffen, R., Ferguson, D. M., Krom, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+method+for+orthotopic+rat+liver+transplantation+with+arterial+cuff+anastomosis+to+the+recipient+common+hepatic+artery.">A new method for orthotopic rat liver transplantation with arterial cuff anastomosis to the recipient common hepatic artery.</a> Transplantation. 48, 166-168 (1989).</li><li>Knoop, M., Bachmann, S., Keck, H., Steffen, R., Neuhaus, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experience+with+cuff+rearterialization+in+600+orthotopic+liver+grafts+in+the+rat.">Experience with cuff rearterialization in 600 orthotopic liver grafts in the rat.</a> Am. J. Surg. 167, 360-363 (1994).</li><li>Hickman, R., Engelbrecht, G. H., Duminy, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+technique+for+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.">A technique for liver transplantation in the rat.</a> Transplantation. 48, 1080 (1989).</li><li>Liu, T., Freise, C. E., Ferrell, L., Ascher, N. L., Roberts, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+vascular+"sleeve"+anastomosis+for+rearterialization+in+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+rats.">A modified vascular "sleeve" anastomosis for rearterialization in orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.</a> Transplantation. 54, 179-180 (1992).</li><li>Li, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modified+sleeve+anastomosis+for+reconstruction+of+the+hepatic+artery+in+rat+liver+transplantation.">Modified sleeve anastomosis for reconstruction of the hepatic artery in rat liver transplantation.</a> Microsurgery. 22, 62-68 (2002).</li><li>Martins, P. N., Theruvath, T. P., Neuhaus, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+partial+hepatectomies.">Rodent models of partial hepatectomies.</a> Liver Int. 28, 3-11 (2008).</li><li>Russell, W. M. S., Burch, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. , (1992).</li></ol>

No tenemos conflicto de intereses a revelar. Las ratas se alojaron en patógenos específicos libre de condiciones de acuerdo con las directrices de la Federación de Asociaciones Laboratory Animal Science (FELASA). Todos los experimentos se llevaron a cabo de acuerdo con la ley federal alemana sobre protección de los animales y la &quot;Guía para el Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio&quot; (National Institutes of Health publicación N º 86-23, revisado 1985).

El primer modelo de rata OLT fue informado por Lee et al. En 1973 9, en el que todos los buques, incluidos la arteria hepática se reconstruyeron mediante un método de cosido a mano y la derivación portosistémica extracorpórea se utiliza. Este modelo era técnicamente complicado y difícil de realizar. El siguiente modelo fue uno sin reconstrucción arterial hepática y la derivación extracorpórea, desarrollado por los mismos autores 10 en 1975. Posteriormente, en 1979, Kamada et al. Introdujo la técnica de anastomosis manguito para el modelo sin rearterialization hepática 11. Con estas modificaciones, OLT en ratas se ha simplificado con un tiempo de anhepática acortado en las operaciones de receptores y ha sido ampliamente utilizado como un modelo experimental aceptada. Sin embargo, ha habido una considerable controversia desde entonces sobre el significado de arterialización hepático en rata OLT 8 porque la arterialización era una tarea exigente, pero did no afecta a la supervivencia después del trasplante. Numerosos estudios sobre la arterialización hepática utilizando diversas técnicas de reconstrucción se han reportado 8, tal como un segmento de la aorta-a-aorta anastomosis 3,9,17, una técnica de anastomosis manguito 18,19,20, una técnica telescópica 5, una técnica de stent 13, 16, y una técnica de anastomosis manguito 12,21-23. Si bien la técnica para OLT rata no es todavía hoy estandarizado, el modelo arterializada ha sido cada vez más favorecida en cuanto a su superioridad fisiológica 8,12,13,14. Entre las técnicas antes mencionadas, una técnica de stent que era simple y rápido para realizar fue reportado por Lehmann et al. 16 en 2005. El estudio mostró resultados excelentes: no se observó incidencia de oclusión en la arteria hepática reconstruida a 8 h, 24 h, y 6 meses después de la reperfusión. Hemos adoptado esta técnica para arterialización hepática. Nos PERFORma cosido a mano anastomosis para la reconstrucción de la SHVC y IHVC. Este método proporciona el sitio de la anastomosis con una condición fisiológica óptima, lo que conduce a la reducción en la incidencia de trombosis 8, y es la mejor simulación de la microcirugía y la formación para los cirujanos. Además, la anastomosis puede ser posible incluso con muñones vasculares bajo. Con respecto a la anastomosis de IHVC, este método no requiere un IHVC largo en el lado del injerto en comparación con la técnica de anastomosis del manguito. Por lo tanto, cuando la vena renal de donante es disecado para hacer el injerto a largo IHVC, este método es aplicable a trasplante de un injerto pequeño que necesita una IHVC largo, tal como un injerto 30% que consiste de lóbulos derecho lateral y caudado con un intrahepática corto la vena cava sin SHVC 2. En cuanto a las técnicas de resección hepática en ratas, hasta la fecha, varios métodos han sido reportados, las dos técnicas principales son la técnica de ligadura en masa clásicay la técnica de recipiente orientado 24. Llevamos a cabo la técnica de ligadura clásica para la resección hepática 50% 15, pero bajo un microscopio quirúrgico para realizar el procedimiento más fina, y para evitar daños a los lóbulos restantes y estructuras. Se describen los resultados representativos de las ratas receptoras en nuestro modelo, las ratas sobrevivieron durante el período de observación de 7 días sin complicaciones aparentes. El modelo puede ser modificado para distintos fines de experimentación mediante la elección de las diferentes opciones, tales como el almacenamiento prolongado en frío, caliente isquemia prolongada que incluye la donación después de muerte cardiaca, y el uso de injertos de hígado o injertos más pequeños a partir de modelos experimentales de lesión hepática o enfermedades. En nuestra experiencia, hay tres factores clave a través de los procedimientos que pueden afectar la supervivencia después del trasplante, el parámetro más fiable para los resultados de la OLT rata: la cantidad de pérdida de sangre, el tiempo de operación, eespecialmente de sujeción momento de la vena porta y IHVC, y la adecuación de la reconstrucción de cada buque, lo que podría dar lugar a estenosis, trombosis o hemorragia. En un período de entrenamiento de este modelo, la mayor parte de los fracasos probablemente podría estar relacionada con esos factores. En este artículo, vídeo, se presenta paso a paso las instrucciones para los procedimientos quirúrgicos para nuestro modelo de rata de la OLT parcial con reconstrucción arterial hepática. Mientras que un modelo de rata de la OLT es complicada y requiere habilidades avanzadas de microcirugía, este artículo ofrece un montón de información práctica, que debería servir como una buena guía para la formación y el aprendizaje de este modelo. El aprendizaje de este modelo eficiente es particularmente importante para acortar el periodo de aprendizaje, lo que reduce el número de animales y los costos necesarios para la práctica, y después reproducir resultados fiables en los experimentos. Esto está en consonancia con el concepto de las 3R (reemplazo, reducción y refinamiento) de los experimentos con animales, que fue postulada por Russell y Burch en1959 25.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Nombre </td><td> Empresa </td><td> Número de catálogo </td><td> Comentarios </td></tr><tr><td> Microscopio quirúrgico </td><td> Leica </td><td> M651 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Fuente de luz </td><td> Schott </td><td> KL1500LCD </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Esponjas de algodón </td><td> NOBA Verbandmittel </td><td> 974202 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Torundas de gasa (5x5 cm) </td><td> Fuhrmann </td><td> 10002 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> solución de povidona yodada </td><td> Mundipharma </td><td> 6108022.00.01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> A base de aceite de arcilla </td><td> Debika corporación </td><td> 090148 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TachoSil </td><td> Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH </td><td> EU/1/04/277/001-004</td><td> Aplicado a la superficie del hígado resecado </td></tr><tr><td> Cuchilla de bisturí No. 11 </td><td> Pfm médica </td><td> 200130011 </td><td> Preparación de manguito y stents </td></tr><tr><td> 14-calibre catéter </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 4268210S </td><td> Brazalete para PV </td></tr><tr><td> 18-calibre catéter </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 4268130S </td><td> La perfusión a través de PV </td></tr><tr><td> 24-calibre catéter </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 4269071S </td><td> Stent para BD y HA </td></tr><tr><td> Sutura de seda 4-0 </td><td> Resorba </td><td> H3F </td><td> Resección hepática </td></tr><tr><td> 6-0 sutura de seda </td><td> Resorba </td><td> H1F </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 7-0 Prolene (polipropileno) sutura </td><td> Ethicon </td><td> 8701H </td><td> SHVC y IHVC </td></tr><tr><td> Sutura Vicryl 4-0 </td><td> Ethicon </td><td> V304H </td><td> Cierre abdominal </td></tr><tr><td> 5-ml jeringa </td><td> Terumo </td><td> SS + T05ES1 </td><td> Realice una copia de almohada </td></tr><tr><td> Calefacción pad </td><td> Thermo </td><td> 190 x 260 mm </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Magnetic fijador sistema de retracción </td><td> Fine Ciencia Tools Inc. </td><td> 18200-01 18200-02 18200-03 18200-12 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Baño de agua fría </td><td> Huber </td><td> 740.000X </td><td> Preservación del injerto </td></tr><tr><td> Fórceps bipolar </td><td> Soring </td><td> MBC-200 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pinzas de mosquito </td><td> BONIMED </td><td> 451-476-03 </td><td> Dos pares utilizados </td></tr><tr><td> Adson micro fórceps </td><td> Dimeda </td><td> 10.176.12 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Mi Curvedcro fórceps </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> FD281R </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pinzas rectas micro </td><td> Bonimed </td><td> 451-476-03 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tijeras curvas micro </td><td> Medicon </td><td> 05.15.83 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tijeras rectas micro </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> FD12 </td><td> Incisión fina </td></tr><tr><td> Tijeras </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> BC211W </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Soporte de la aguja Micro </td><td> AESCULAP </td><td> FD241R </td><td> Reconstrucción </td></tr><tr><td> Alcalde-Hegar Needle titular </td><td> Mizuho Ikakogyo </td><td> 06-798-00 </td><td> Cierre abdominal </td></tr><tr><td> DeBakey Bulldog abrazadera (recto) </td><td> ULRICH </td><td> CV3054 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> DeBakey Bulldog abrazadera (curvada) </td><td> CODMAN </td> &lt;td&gt; 37-1062 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Satinsky abrazadera </td><td> Mizuhoika </td><td> 09-230-24 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pinza vascular periférica </td><td> Teleflex Medical </td><td> 353494 </td><td> Receptor SHVC </td></tr><tr><td> Micro pinza recipiente (desechable) </td><td> AROSurgical Instruments Corporation </td><td> TKM-1-60 g </td><td> PV, IHVC injerto y receptor de HA </td></tr><tr><td> Abrazadera buque Micro (metal) </td><td> Fine Ciencia Tools Inc. </td><td> 18052-01 </td><td> Receptor IHVC </td></tr><tr><td> Solución de Ringer lactato </td><td> Fresenius Kabi </td><td> 6150917.00.00 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> La solución salina normal </td><td> DeltaSelect </td><td> 1299.99.99 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> HTK solución </td><td> Dr. Franz Köhler Chemie GmbH </td><td> 31268.00.00 </td><td> Preservación solución </td></tr><tr><td> Heparin-Natrium </td><td> Ratiopharm </td><td> 5394.02.00 </td><td> 500 UI antes de la perfusión del injerto </td></tr><tr><td> 8,4% de bicarbonato de sodio </td><td> Fresenius Kabi </td><td> 4399.97.99 </td><td> 0,5 ml después de la reperfusión </td></tr><tr><td> Glucosa al 5% solución </td><td> B. Braun </td><td> 6714567.06.00 </td><td> 1,0 ml después de la reperfusión </td></tr><tr><td> Cefuroxima sodio </td><td> Fresenius Kabi </td><td> 38985.01.00 </td><td> Antibióticos, 16 mg / kg </td></tr><tr><td> La buprenorfina </td><td> Essex Pharma </td><td> 997.00.00 </td><td> Painkiller, 0,1 mg / kg </td></tr><tr><td> Jaula Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos </td><td> Brinsea Products Ltd. </td><td> Vetario S10 </td><td> Los cuidados postoperatorios </td></tr></tbody></table>

surgical procedures for a rat model of partial orthotopic liver transplantation with hepatic arterial reconstruction

Trasplante hepático ortotópico (THO) en ratas utilizando un injerto total o parcial es un modelo indispensable para la investigación experimental del trasplante, tales como los estudios sobre la preservación del injerto y la isquemia-reperfusión 1,2 lesiones, reacciones inmunológicas 3,4, 5,6 hemodinámica y pequeños para su tamaño síndrome de 7. La OLT rata es uno de los modelos animales más difíciles de la cirugía experimental y requiere conocimientos avanzados de microcirugía que toman mucho tiempo para aprender. Por consiguiente, el uso de este modelo ha sido limitada. Puesto que la fiabilidad y reproducibilidad de los resultados son componentes clave de los experimentos en los que tales modelos animales se utilizan complejos, es esencial para los cirujanos que están involucrados en OLT rata para ser entrenado en procedimientos bien estandarizados y sofisticado para este modelo. Si bien las técnicas y modificaciones de OLT en ratas se han reportado 8 desde el primer modelo estaba describiendoed por Lee et al. 9 en 1973, la eliminación de la reconstrucción arterial hepática 10 y la introducción de la técnica de anastomosis del manguito por Kamada et al. 11 fueron un gran avance en este modelo, ya que simplifica los procedimientos de reconstrucción a un gran grado . En el modelo por Kamada et al., El rearterialization hepática también fue eliminado. Dado que las ratas podían sobrevivir sin el flujo arterial hepática después del trasplante hepático, hubo una controversia considerable sobre el valor de arterialización hepática. Sin embargo, la superioridad fisiológica del modelo arterializada se ha reconocido cada vez más, especialmente en términos de preservar el sistema de conductos biliares 8,12 y la integridad hígado 8,13,14. En este artículo, presentamos los detalles del procedimiento quirúrgico para un modelo de rata de la OLT con la reconstrucción arterial hepática utilizando un injerto parcial del 50% después de la resección del hígado ex vivoción. Los procedimientos de reconstrucción para cada recipiente y el conducto biliar se llevan a cabo mediante los siguientes métodos: una sutura de polipropileno 7-0 continuo para la supra-y la vena cava infradiafragmática; una técnica de manguito de la vena portal, y una técnica de stent para la arteria hepática y el conducto biliar.

Todas las ratas receptoras (n = 20) sobrevivieron sin complicaciones aparentes hasta la eutanasia prevista para muestras de sangre a los 1, 3, 24, y 168 horas (7 días) después de la reperfusión portal (n = 5 en cada punto de tiempo). Las muestras de sangre se obtuvieron de la IHVC por una punción directa con una aguja de calibre 27. Después de la centrifugación a 5.340 xg durante 10 min, las muestras de suero se obtuvieron y se analizaron para la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT), que reflejan el grado de daño hepatocelular después del trasplante. El curso temporal de los cambios en los niveles de ALT en suero se muestra en la Figura 16. Los niveles de ALT alcanzó un máximo a las 24 horas (media ± desviación estándar: 212,6 ± 67,9 UI / L) y disminuyó dentro de los límites normales a 168 horas (33,6 ± 6,8 UI / L). <img alt="Figura 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig1.jpg" /> Figura 1. Un manguito para la vena portal (PV) de un 14-de medida catéter, y stents para la arteria hepática (HA) y el conducto biliar (BD) a partir de 24-catéteres de calibre. <img alt="Figura 2" fo:content-width="4in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig2highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig2.jpg" /> Figura 2. Esquema de la extracción del hígado de la rata donante BD, vías biliares,. HA, la arteria hepática; IHVC, infrahepática vena cava, PV, la vena porta; SHVC, vena cava suprahepática. <img alt="Figura 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig3.jpg" /> Figura 3. Donantes de operación. a. La rata se coloca en una almohadilla de calefacción con un sistema de retracción magnético fijador. Se abre el abdomen por una incisión de línea media con extensiones bilaterales. B. Inserción del stent en el conducto biliar. C. Perfusión del hígado por la vena portal. Las abreviaturas son explicared en la Figura 2. <img alt="Figura 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig4.jpg" /> Figura 4. La unión de un manguito a la vena portal. a, b. La pinza DeBakey Bulldog que agarra el tronco venoso portal se coloca sobre la taza de metal. La copa está montado en la caja de plástico llena de hielo triturado. C. La vena porta se pone a través del manguito. D. La pared de la vena porta se evierte sobre el manguito con el muñón de la vena esplénica fuera del manguito a la 7 en punto y una extensión de la banda en la posición de las 12. e. La vena porta se sujeta con un hilo de seda 6-0 circunferencial en el puño. Las flechas negras indican el muñón de la vena esplénica. <img alt="Figura 5" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig5.jpg" /> Figura 5. Ex vivola inserción de un stent en la arteria hepática. una. El hígado se fija por apriete ambos bordes del diafragma, y la arteria hepática se tira recta por sujeta el hilo se ligaron durante la arteria. b. La pared anterior de la pequeña incisión en la arteria hepática se lleva a cabo con una pinza de micro rectas . c, d. El stent se inserta en la arteria hepática y asegurados con un hilo de seda 6-0. <img alt="La figura 6" fo:content-width="3.5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig6highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig6.jpg" /> Figura 6. El esquema de la resección hepática ex vivo del 50%. Lóbulos de color gris se eliminan. ACL, anterior lóbulo caudado; PCL, lóbulo caudado posterior; LLL, lóbulo lateral izquierdo; LML, la porción izquierda del lóbulo medio; porción RML, a la derecha del lóbulo medio; SRL, superior lóbulo lateral derecho; IRL, inferior lóbulo lateral derecho. Figura 7. Ex vivo 50% resección hepática. una ligadura. ligadura del pedículo del lóbulo caudado posterior. b. del pedículo de la porción izquierda del lóbulo mediano. c. El hígado antes de la resección del 50%. d. El hígado después de la resección del 50%. <img alt="Figura 8" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig8.jpg" /> Figura 8. Ex vivo plastia de la vena cava suprahepática. una. El hígado se fija por apriete ambos bordes de la membrana con las pinzas mosquito. b. Quédate con suturas 7-0 polipropileno se adjuntan en las dos esquinas. <img alt="Figura 9" fo:content-width="4in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig9highres.jpg" src = &quot;/ files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig9.jpg&quot; /&gt; La Figura 9. Esquema de la implantación del injerto en la rata receptora. Los procedimientos de reconstrucción se llevan a cabo para la supra-y la vena cava infradiafragmática (SHVC y IHVC) con una sutura continua 7-0, la vena portal (PV) por una técnica de manguito, y la hepática arteria (HA) y del conducto biliar (BD) mediante una técnica de stent. <img alt="Figura 10" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig10.jpg" /> Figura 10. Receptor operación hasta que la separación del hígado nativo. a. se abre el abdomen por una incisión de línea media. b. La vena suprarrenal derecha se ligó. c. El hígado nativo se escinde. Las abreviaturas se explican en la Figura 2. <img alt="Figura 11" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig11.jpg" /> Figura 11. La anastomosis de la suprahehepático vena cava. a, b. La abrazadera vascular periférica de la vena cava suprahepática se fija en una masa de arcilla a base de aceite. Las suturas en ambas esquinas se mantienen con una tracción suave superiolaterally para ampliar la anastomosis. C. Sutura continua intraluminal de la fila posterior en curso. D. Sutura continua de la fila anterior en curso. <img alt="Figura 12" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig12.jpg" /> Figura 12. Reconstrucción de la vena portal. a, b. Las pinzas mosquito de sujeción de la vena porta se fija en la arcilla a base de aceite y tira hacia el hilio del hígado. cf. inserción del manguito en la vena portal. <img alt="Figura 13" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig13.jpg" /> Figura 13. Reconstrucción de la arteria hepática. a, b. </stron<html> g Inserción&gt; de un stent en la arteria hepática común destinatario (CHA) en la bifurcación de la arteria hepática (PHA) y la arteria gastroduodenal (GDA). <img alt="Figura 14" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig14.jpg" /> Figura 14. La anastomosis de la vena cava infrahepática. una reperfusión. Las suturas en ambas esquinas. b. sutura continua de la fila posterior. c. sutura continua de la fila anterior. d. infrahepática de la vena cava. Las abreviaturas se explican en la Figura 2. <img alt="Figura 15" src="/files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig15.jpg" /> Figura 15. Todos los procedimientos de reconstrucción termine. Las abreviaturas se explican en la Figura 2. <img alt="&lt;/ Html">&quot;Figura 16&quot; src = &quot;/ files/ftp_upload/4376/4376fig16.jpg&quot; /&gt; Figura 16 postoperatoria curso de tiempo de los cambios en los niveles séricos de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) (n = 20, n = 5 en cada punto de tiempo).. Los datos se expresan como media con barras de error que indican las desviaciones estándar. Los niveles de ALT alcanzó un pico a las 24 h (212,6 ± 67,9 UI / L) y disminuyó dentro de los límites normales a 168 horas (33,6 ± 6,8 UI / L).

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction at JoVE.com

Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Trasplante ortotópico de hígado en ratas es un modelo experimental indispensable para la investigación biomédica. A continuación les presentamos nuestros procedimientos quirúrgicos de trasplante ortotópico de hígado de rata con la reconstrucción arterial hepática mediante un injerto parcial del 50%.

Procedimientos Quirúrgicos para un modelo de rata de trasplante hepático ortotópico parcial con reconstrucción arterial hepática

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

36.0K vistas.  RWTH-Aachen University. Trasplante ortotópico de hígado en ratas es un modelo experimental indispensable para la investigación biomédica. A continuación les presentamos nuestros procedimientos quirúrgicos de trasplante ortotópico de hígado de rata con la reconstrucción arterial hepática mediante un injerto parcial del 50%.

Video: Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP).
The commonly used animal model for cardiovascular chronic rejection studies is the heterotopic heart transplant model performed in laboratory rodents. This model is used widely in experiments since Ono and Lindsey (3) published their technique. To analyze the findings in the blood vessels, the heart has to be sectioned and all vessels have to be measured.
Another method to investigate chronic rejection in cardiovascular questionings is the aortic transplant model (1, 2). In the orthotopic aortic transplant model, the aorta can easily be histologically evaluated (2). The PVG-to-ACI model is especially useful for CAV studies, since acute vascular rejection is not a major confounding factor and Cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment does not prevent the development of CAV, similar to what we find in the clinical setting (4). A7-day period of CsA is required in this model to prevent acute rejection and to achieve long-term survival with the development of TVP.
This model can also be used to investigate acute cellular rejection and media necrosis in xenogeneic models (5).

This video demonstrates the orthotopic aortic transplant model as a simple model to study the development of transplant vasculopathy (TVP) in rats.

Trasplante ortotópico aórtica: un modelo de rata para estudiar el desarrollo de la enfermedad vascular crónica

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

Investigación

Medicina

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Rats

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat liver transplantation in 1979 by Kamada et al.3, this model has remained the gold standard despite various proposed alternative techniques4. Nevertheless, its broader use is limited by its steep learning curve5.
In this video paper, we show a simple and easy-to-establish revision of Kamada's two-cuff technique. The suprahepatic vena cava anastomosis is performed manually with a running suture, and the vena porta and infrahepatic vena cava anastomoses are performed utilizing a quick-linker cuff system6. Manufacturing the quick-linker kit is shown in a separate video paper.

We present an easy-to-establish revision of the classical two-cuff technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in rat.

Trasplante ortotópico de hígado en ratas

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat ...

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

In acute hepatic failure auxiliary liver transplantation is an interesting alternative approach. The aim is to provide a temporary support until the failing native liver has regenerated.1-3 The APOLT-method, the orthotopic implantation of auxiliary segments- averts most of the technical problems. However this method necessitates extensive resections of both the native liver and the graft.4 In 1998, Erhard developed the heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation (HALT) utilizing portal vein arterialization (PVA) (Figure 1). This technique showed promising initial clinical results.5-6 We developed a HALT-technique with flow-regulated PVA in the rat to examine the influence of flow-regulated PVA on graft morphology and function (Figure 2).
A liver graft reduced to 30 % of its original size, was heterotopically implanted in the right renal region of the recipient after explantation of the right kidney.&#160; The infra-hepatic caval vein of the graft was anastomosed with the infrahepatic caval vein of the recipient. The arterialization of the donor&#8217;s portal vein was carried out via the recipient&#8217;s right renal artery with the stent technique. The blood-flow regulation of the arterialized portal vein was achieved with the use of a stent with an internal diameter of 0.3 mm. The celiac trunk of the graft was end-to-side anastomosed with the recipient&#8217;s aorta and the bile duct was implanted into the duodenum. A subtotal resection of the native liver was performed to induce acute hepatic failure. 7
In this manner 112 transplantations were performed. The perioperative survival rate was 90% and the 6-week survival rate was 80%. Six weeks after operation, the native liver regenerated, showing an increase in weight from 2.3&#177;0.8 g to 9.8&#177;1 g. At this time, the graft&#8217;s weight decreased from 3.3&#177;0.8 g to 2.3&#177;0.8 g.
We were able to obtain promising long-term results in terms of graft morphology and function. HALT with flow-regulated PVA reliably bridges acute hepatic failure until the native liver regenerates.

Auxiliary liver transplantation provides a temporary support in acute hepatic failure, until regeneration of the failing liver. The heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation (HALT) with portal vein arterialization (PVA) renders sufficient liver function. We developed an analogous technique in the rat, to examine the influence of the portal vein arterialization on the morphology and function of the graft.

Heterotópico Rata auxiliar Trasplante de Hígado Con Flujo regulado Portal Vein Arterialización en aguda Insuficiencia Hepática

In acute hepatic failure auxiliary liver transplantation is an interesting alternative approach. The aim is to provide a temporary support until the ...

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model

Major hepatic surgery with inflow occlusion, and liver transplantation, necessitate a period of warm ischemia, and a period of reperfusion leading to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with myriad negative consequences. Potential I/R injury in marginal organs destined for liver transplantation contributes to the current donor shortage secondary to a decreased organ utilization rate. A significant need exists to explore hepatic I/R injury in order to mediate its impact on graft function in transplantation. Rat liver hilar clamp models are used to investigate the impact of different molecules on hepatic I/R injury. Depending on the model, these molecules have been delivered using inhalation, epidural infusion, intraperitoneal injection, intravenous administration or injection into the peripheral superior mesenteric vein. A rat liver hilar clamp model has been developed for use in studying the impact of pharmacologic molecules in ameliorating I/R injury. The described model for rat liver hilar clamp includes direct cannulation of the portal supply to the ischemic hepatic segment via a side branch of the portal vein, allowing for direct segmental hepatic delivery. Our approach is to induce ischemia in the left lateral and median lobes for 60 min, during which time the substance under study is infused. In this case, pegylated-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), a free radical scavenger, is infused directly into the ischemic segment. This series of experiments demonstrates that infusion of PEG-SOD is protective against hepatic I/R injury. Advantages of this approach include direct injection of the molecule into the ischemic segment with consequent decrease in volume of distribution and reduction in systemic side effects.

A unique rat liver hilar clamp model was developed for studying the impact of pharmacologic molecules in ameliorating ischemia-reperfusion injury. This model includes direct cannulation of the portal supply to the ischemic liver segment via a branch of the portal vein, allowing for direct hepatic delivery.

Método de la entrega directa segmentaria intra-hepática utilizando un modelo de hígado de rata hiliar abrazadera

Major hepatic surgery with inflow occlusion, and liver transplantation, necessitate a period of warm ischemia, and a period of reperfusion leading to ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. To better understand the mechanism behind these surgical procedures, a rat partial liver transplantation (PLTx) model was established for relevant surgical studies. Because of the complexity of the rat PLTx model, a protocol with detailed descriptions is required. An article published previously reported a protocol in which ex vivo hepatectomy was used to achieve 50% rat PLTx. In contrast to this protocol, we introduced a re-arterialized PLTx with an in vivo 70% hepatectomy. An updated vessel-oriented hepatectomy was incorporated into the rat PLTx to refine the microsurgical procedure. The portal veins and hepatic arteries of the left lateral lobe and the median lobe were individually dissected and ligated before removal of the liver parenchyma, thereby decreasing the probability of bleeding in the remnant liver stump. Furthermore, an end-to-side vessel anastomosis between the common hepatic artery and the enlarged proper hepatic artery was introduced to re-arterialize the hepatic artery. By using this end-to-side vessel anastomosis technique, the diameter of the anastomosis was enlarged, thereby decreasing the difficulty of hand suture and maintaining a high rate of anastomotic patency. Moreover, the cuff anastomosis of the infrahepatic vena cava was slightly modified. A section of circumferential liver parenchyma around the vena cava of a recipient was preserved during cuff anastomosis to maintain the three-dimensional shape of the vascular lumen. This section of liver parenchyma was removed after completing the anastomosis. With this modification, the step involving placement of stay sutures was omitted, thereby further shortening the cuff anastomosis time. By using this protocol of rat PLTx, a low liver enzyme level, an intact liver lobular architecture and a high survival rate were achieved after microsurgery.

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Here, a protocol involving re-arterialized rat partial liver transplantation is presented. Specifically, 70% liver was resected in vivo by using an updated technique of vessel-oriented hepatectomy. The hepatic artery was reconstructed in an end-to-side manner. The cuff technique was modified to shorten the anastomosis time of the infrahepatic vena cava.

Volver a arterializada rata parcial trasplante del hígado con una en vivo orientada al barco 70% hepatectomía

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Un modelo de rata de Orthotopic trasplante del hígado usando una técnica de Anastomosis magnética novela para la reconstrucción de la Vena Cava suprahepática

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of renal replacement therapy. Over the past few decades, the rat kidney transplantation model has been used to study the immunological phenomena of rejection and tolerance. This model has become an indispensable tool to test new immunomodulatory pharmaceuticals and regimens prior to proceeding with expensive preclinical large animal studies.
This protocol provides a detailed overview of how to reliably perform orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This protocol includes three distinctive steps that increase the probability of success: perfusion of the donor kidney by flushing through the portal vein and the use of a cuff system to anastomose the renal veins and ureters, thereby decreasing cold and warm ischemia times. Using this technique, we have achieved survival rates beyond 6 months with normal serum creatinine in animals with syngeneic or tolerant kidney transplants. Depending on the aim of the study, this model can be modified by pre- or posttransplant treatments to study the acute, chronic, cellular, or antibody-mediated rejection. It is a reproducible, reliable, and cost-effective animal model to study different aspects of kidney transplantation.

The purpose of this manuscript and protocol is to explain and demonstrate in detail the surgical procedure of orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This method is simplified to achieve the correct perfusion of the donor kidney and shorten the reperfusion time by using the venous and ureteral cuff anastomosis technique.

Trasplante de riñón de rata ortotópica: un enfoque quirúrgico novedoso y simplificado

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of ...

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition caused by various etiologies resulting in the loss of metabolic, biochemical, synthesizing, and detoxifying functions of the liver. In most irreversible liver damage cases, orthotropic liver transplant (OLT) remains the only available treatment. To study the therapeutic potential of a treatment for ALF, its prior testing in an animal model of ALF is essential. In the current study, an ALF model in rats was developed by combining 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) and injections of acetaminophen (APAP) that provides a therapeutic window of 48 h. The median and left lateral lobes of the liver were removed to excise 70% of the liver mass and APAP was given 24 h postsurgically for 2 days. Survival in ALF-induced animals was found to be severely decreased. The development of ALF was confirmed by altered serum levels of the enzymes alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); changes in prothrombin time (PT); and assessment of the international normalized ratio (INR). Study of the gene expression profile by qPCR revealed an increase in expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and in the progression of liver injury. Diffused degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration of immune cells was observed by histological evaluation. The reversibility of ALF was confirmed by the restoration of survival and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP after intrasplenic transplantation of syngeneic healthy rat hepatocytes. This model presents a reliable alternative to the available ALF animal models to study the pathophysiology of ALF as well as to evaluate the potential of a novel therapy for ALF. The use of two different approaches also makes it possible to study the combined effect of physical and drug-induced liver injury. The reproducibility and feasibility of current procedure is an added benefit of the model.

The acute liver failure animal model developed in the current study presents a feasible alternative for the study of potential therapies. The current model employs the combined effect of physical and drug-induced hepatic injury and provides a suitable time window to study the potential of novel therapies.

Generación de un modelo de rata de insuficiencia hepática aguda mediante la combinación de 70% de hepatectomía parcial y paracetamol

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition caused by various etiologies resulting in the loss of metabolic, biochemical, synthesizing, and ...

Reduced Complications after Arterial Reconnection in a Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation of human liver transplantation due to the absence of arterial reconnection. Described here is a modified transplantation procedure that includes the incorporation of hepatic artery (HA) reconnection, leading to a marked improvement in transplant outcomes. With a mean anhepatic time of 12 min and 14 s, HA reconnection results in improved perfusion of the transplanted liver and an increase in long-term recipient survival from 37.5% to 88.2%. This protocol includes the use of 3D-printed cuffs and holders to connect the portal vein and infrahepatic inferior vena cava. It can be implemented for studying multiple aspects of liver transplantation, from immune response and infection to technical aspects of the procedure. By incorporating a simple and practical method for arterial reconnection using a microvascular technique, this modified rat OLT protocol closely mimics aspects of human liver transplantation and will serve as a valuable and clinically relevant research model.

The goal of this study is to modify the rat orthotopic liver transplant model to better represent human liver transplantation and improve recipient survival. The presented method reestablishes hepatic arterial inflow by connecting the donor liver&#39;s common hepatic artery to the recipient liver&#39;s proper hepatic artery.

Reducción de las complicaciones después de la reconexión arterial en un modelo de rata de trasplante hepático ortotópico

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation ...

Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. However, lung transplantation is limited by a shortage of available donor organs. As such, there is high waitlist mortality. Ex situ lung perfusion (ESLP) has increased donor lung utilization rates in some centers by 15%-20%. ESLP has been applied as a method to assess and recondition marginal donor lungs and has demonstrated acceptable short- and long-term outcomes following transplantation of extended criteria donor (ECD) lungs. Large animal (in vivo) transplantation models are required to validate ongoing in vitro research findings. Anatomic and physiologic differences between humans and pigs pose significant technical and anesthetic challenges. An easily reproducible transplant model would permit the&#160;in vivo&#160;validation of current ESLP strategies and the preclinical evaluation of various interventions designed to improve donor lung function. This protocol describes a porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation. This includes anesthetic and surgical techniques, a customized surgical checklist, troubleshooting, modifications, and the benefits and limitations of the approach.

This protocol describes a juvenile porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation designed for use with ESLP research. Focus is made on anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as critical steps and troubleshooting.

Trasplante ortotópico de pulmón izquierdo en un modelo porcino juvenil para LESP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. ...