Name: an efficient method to obtain dedifferentiated fat cells
Uploaded: 2016-07-15T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 11 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells at JoVE.com

This research was supported in part by Program for Creating Start-ups from Advanced Research and Technology (START Program) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (ST261006IP, TM) and by Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities (2014-2019) (S1411018, TM) from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology.

Las muestras de tejido adiposo subcutáneo humano se obtuvieron de pacientes sometidos a cirugía en los Departamentos de Cirugía Plástica, Urología, Cirugía Pediátrica y Cirugía Ortopédica del Hospital de la Universidad de Nihon Itabashi (Tokio, Japón). Los pacientes dieron su consentimiento informado por escrito, y el Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Nihon aprobó el estudio. 1. Preparación del tejido <ol><li> Llevar la muestra de tejido de la sala de operaciones para el laboratorio. </li><li> Lavar 1-2 g de tejido adiposo con 5 ml de PBS (-) a temperatura ambiente (TA) una vez, en un tubo de 50 ml y luego se coloca la muestra en un plato de plástico de 10 cm. </li></ol> 2. La colagenasa digestión <ol><li> Retirar la muestra de la PBS (-), a continuación, añadir 10 ml de estéril 0,1% (w / v) solución de colagenasa (colagenasa tipo II) para el plato que contiene la muestra de tejido. </li><li> Picar el tejido con tijeras quirúrgicas durante aproximadamente 15 min, hasta que alcanza un puré consisterencia. </li><li> Posteriormente, digerir el tejido picado en el 0,1% (w / v) de solución de colagenasa a 37 ° C durante 30 min (60 rpm) en un tubo de 50 ml con agitación suave en un agitador. </li><li> Se filtra la muestra digerida a través de un filtro de 100 micras en un tubo de 50 ml. A continuación, pasar 10 ml de DCM (véase la Tabla de Materiales) suplementado con 2% de FBS a través del filtro. </li></ol> 3. El aislamiento de la célula <ol><li> Centrifugar las células filtradas a 100 xg durante 1 min a TA. </li><li> En este punto, preparar 5 ml de DCM suplementado con 2% de FBS en un tubo de 50 ml. </li><li> A continuación, la elaboración de las células grasas flotantes utilizando una pipeta 1.000 l y añadir las células a un medio que contiene 50 ml tubo. </li><li> Posteriormente, agitar el tubo de 50 ml suavemente para mezclar el medio DCM con las células. </li><li> A continuación, se centrifuga el tubo a 100 xg durante 1 min a TA. </li><li> Descartar el medio en la parte inferior del tubo con una aguja de 18 G y una jeringa de 20 ml. </li><li> A continuación, añadir 10 ml de DCM supplemented con 2% de FBS a las células recogidas. </li><li> Mezclar el DCM con las células agitando el tubo 50 ml suavemente. </li><li> Centrifugar el tubo a 100 xg durante 1 min a TA. </li></ol> 4. Las células Plating <ol><li> Añadir 41 ml de DCM o DMEM suplementado con 20% de FBS a un matraz de 12,5 cm. </li><li> A continuación, utilizando una pipeta de 200 l Añadir 40 l de células de grasa al matraz. </li><li> A continuación, llenar el matraz con DCM o DMEM suplementado con 20% FBS. Paso crítico: En este punto, asegúrese de que las células se extienden por todo el medio. comprobar visualmente las células desprendidas y después mantener el frasco en la tapa de una caja de Petri redonda para mantenerla plana. </li><li> Por último, colocar el frasco dentro de la incubadora y se deja inalterado en un incubador de CO2 al 5% a 37 ° C durante 7 días. </li><li> Después de una semana de incubación, invierta el frasco y verificar si hay células DFAT. A continuación, evaluar DFAT la generación de células competencia tal como está descrito 10 ya que en este punto fibroblcélulas AST-como (células DFAT) se encuentran en regiones distintas de las células grasas. </li><li> Añadir 5 ml de DCM o DMEM suplementado con 20% FBS al matraz después de la eliminación del medio de cultivo celular anterior. Permitir que las células crezcan DFAT por otra semana después de cambiar el medio. </li><li> El uso de un contador de células, contar el número de células DFAT generados en diversas condiciones de cultivo de células (DCM vs. DMEM). </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Lanzoni, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concise+review:+clinical+programs+of+stem+cell+therapies+for+liver+and+pancreas.">Concise review: clinical programs of stem cell therapies for liver and pancreas.</a> Stem Cells. 31 (10), 2047-2060 (2013).</li><li>de Girolamo, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem/stromal+cells:+a+new+"cells+as+drugs"+paradigm.+Efficacy+and+critical+aspects+in+cell+therapy.">Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a new "cells as drugs" paradigm. Efficacy and critical aspects in cell therapy.</a> Curr. Pharm. Des. 19 (13), 2459-2473 (2013).</li><li>Lindroos, B., Suuronen, R., Miettinen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+potential+of+adipose+stem+cells+in+regenerative+medicine.">The potential of adipose stem cells in regenerative medicine.</a> Stem Cell. Rev. 7 (2), 269-291 (2011).</li><li>Yan, J., Tie, G., Xu, T. Y., Cecchini, K., Messina, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells+as+a+treatment+for+peripheral+arterial+disease:+current+status+and+potential+impact+of+type+II+diabetes+on+their+therapeutic+efficacy.">Mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for peripheral arterial disease: current status and potential impact of type II diabetes on their therapeutic efficacy.</a> Stem Cell. Rev. 9 (3), 360-372 (2013).</li><li>Ringden, O., Keating, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stromal+cells+as+treatment+for+chronic+GVHD.">Mesenchymal stromal cells as treatment for chronic GVHD.</a> Bone Marrow Transplant. 46 (2), 163-164 (2011).</li><li>Matsumoto, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mature+adipocyte-derived+dedifferentiated+fat+cells+exhibit+multilineage+potential.">Mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat cells exhibit multilineage potential.</a> J. Cell. Physiol. 215 (1), 210-222 (2008).</li><li>Lessard, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+human+adipose+stem+cells+through+dedifferentiation+of+mature+adipocytes+in+ceiling+cultures.">Generation of human adipose stem cells through dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes in ceiling cultures.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (97), (2015).</li><li>Lessard, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+dedifferentiating+human+mature+adipocytes+from+the+visceral+and+subcutaneous+fat+compartments:+fibroblast-activation+protein+alpha+and+dipeptidyl+peptidase+4+as+major+components+of+matrix+remodeling.">Characterization of dedifferentiating human mature adipocytes from the visceral and subcutaneous fat compartments: fibroblast-activation protein alpha and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 as major components of matrix remodeling.</a> PLoS One. 10 (3), 0122065 (2015).</li><li>Peng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+and+Functional+Properties+of+Porcine+Dedifferentiated+Fat+Cells+during+the+Long-Term+Culture+In+Vitro.">Phenotypic and Functional Properties of Porcine Dedifferentiated Fat Cells during the Long-Term Culture In Vitro.</a> Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 673651 (2015).</li><li>Kono, S., Kazama, T., Kano, K., Harada, K., Uechi, M., Matsumoto, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+and+functional+properties+of+feline+dedifferentiated+fat+cells+and+adipose-derived+stem+cells.">Phenotypic and functional properties of feline dedifferentiated fat cells and adipose-derived stem cells.</a> Vet. J. 199 (1), 88-96 (2014).</li><li>Bellin, M., Marchetto, M. C., Gage, F. H., Mummery, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cells:+the+new+patient.">Induced pluripotent stem cells: the new patient.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 13 (11), 713-726 (2012).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Adipocitos maduros que se someten en desdiferenciación vitro, un proceso conocido como la cultura de techo, pueden revertir a un fenotipo más primitivo y obtener capacidades proliferativas. Estas células se denominan células de grasa como dediferenciado (DFAT). Se evaluó el potencial de diferenciación multilinaje de células DFAT. Citometría de flujo análisis y análisis de expresión génica reveló que las células DFAT eran muy homogénea en comparación con ASC 6. De hecho, el pe...

La terapia celular e ingeniería de tejidos son temas de actualidad en el campo de la medicina regenerativa 1-5. Si bien estas modalidades terapéuticas son muy prometedores, varias cuestiones técnicas actualmente obstaculizan su uso clínico. En este sentido, como en la generación de células iPS, todas las terapias de ingeniería de tejidos deben producir células libres de transducción de genes externos con el fin de mantener la seguridad del paciente. De acuerdo con ello, fuimos el primer grupo para producir con éxito células humanas DFAT 6. Ya que varios otros grupos de investigación han adoptado este método para generar células de origen mamífero DFAT 7-9, destacando aún más la utilidad de nuestro modelo. En el transcurso de varios estudios, se ha encontrado que la calidad del medio ambiente de cultivo de células se puede modificar ajustando el contenido del medio celular. Este hallazgo ha llevado a un aumento en la tasa de éxito de la producción de células DFAT y una mejor calidad de células; ambos factores críticos engenerar de manera eficiente las células para ensayos clínicos futuros. A este respecto, un medio de cultivo DFAT mejorada (DCM, un medio similar a mesenquimales medio celular, que contiene insulina recombinante humana, albúmina de suero, el ácido L-glutámico, varios ácidos grasos y colesterol madre) y un método para la generación de células DFAT y la proliferación fue desarrollado (más información sobre el contenido de DCM está disponible bajo petición). El uso de células de alta calidad DFAT este método se han generado con la capacidad de diferenciarse en varios tipos de células incluyendo adipogénica, osteogénica, y las células condrogénicas. En total, este protocolo de cultivo de células validado mejora la calidad de las células DFAT y puede ser muy útil para mejorar las aplicaciones clínicas de la terapia celular y la ingeniería de tejidos.

<table><tbody><tr><td>CSTI303-MSC medium&amp;nbsp;</td><td>CSTI</td><td>87-671</td><td>This medium is defined as DCM in the text</td></tr><tr><td>PBS(-)</td><td>Wako</td><td>166-23555</td><td>It does not contain Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM medium</td><td>Gibco</td><td>11965-092</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Sigma</td><td>172012</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase type II</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C-6885</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td>Takasago Medical Industry Co., Ltd</td><td>TKZ-F2194-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shaker</td><td>TAITEC</td><td>Bioshaker V.BR-36</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Falcon Cell Strainer 100 &amp;mu;m Yellow</td><td>CORNING LIFE SCIENCES&amp;nbsp;</td><td>DL 352360</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Falcon 12.5 cm&amp;sup2; Rectangular Canted Neck Cell Culture Flask with Blue Vented Screw Cap</td><td>CORNING LIFE SCIENCES&amp;nbsp;</td><td>353107</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18 G needle</td><td>NIPRO</td><td>02-002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20 ml Syringe&amp;nbsp;</td><td>NIPRO</td><td>08-753</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Z Series Coulter Counter</td><td>BECKMAN COULTER</td><td>383550</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

an efficient method to obtain dedifferentiated fat cells

La ingeniería de tejidos y terapia celular son muy prometedores clínicamente. En este sentido, las células multipotentes, tales como las células madre mesenquimales (MSC), se pueden utilizar terapéuticamente, en un futuro próximo, para restaurar la función de órganos dañados. Sin embargo, varios problemas técnicos, incluido el procedimiento altamente invasiva de aislar las MSC y la ineficiencia que rodea su amplificación, actualmente obstaculizan el potencial uso clínico de estas modalidades terapéuticas. En este documento, presentamos un método altamente eficiente para la generación de las células de grasa indiferenciadas (DFAT), células MSC-como. Curiosamente, las células DFAT pueden diferenciarse en varios tipos de células incluyendo adipogénica, osteogénica, y las células condrogénicas. Aunque otros grupos previamente han presentado varios métodos para generar células DFAT de tejido adiposo maduro, nuestro método nos permite producir células DFAT de manera más eficiente. En este sentido, se demuestra que el medio de cultivo DFAT (DCM), suplementado con 20% de SFB,es más eficaz en la generación de células que DFAT DMEM, suplementado con 20% FBS. Además, las células DFAT producidas por nuestro método de cultivo celular se pueden re-diferenciada en varios tipos de tejidos. Como tal, se presenta un modelo muy interesante y útil para el estudio de la desdiferenciación tisular.

<html> En este estudio, el método y el kit de herramientas para la generación de células DFAT se mejoró (Figura 1). Nuestro método nos permite generar células DFAT utilizando tanto DCM y medio DMEM que contenía FBS al 20% (Figura 2). Como tal, se comparó la eficacia de DCM y DMEM en la generación de células DFAT. En este sentido, DCM mejora la proliferación de células DFAT por tres veces en comparación con DMEM, sin importar el número de adi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells at JoVE.com

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

We have modified the conditions for DFAT cell generation and provide herein information regarding the use of an improved growth medium for the production of these cells.

Un método eficaz para obtener células de grasa Dediferenciado

Tissue engineering and cell therapy hold great promise clinically. In this regard, multipotent cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may be used ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

7.9K vistas.  Nihon University. We have modified the conditions for DFAT cell generation and provide herein information regarding the use of an improved growth medium for the production of these cells.

Video: An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

Generation of Human Adipose Stem Cells through Dedifferentiation of Mature Adipocytes in Ceiling Cultures

Mature adipocytes have been shown to reverse their phenotype into fibroblast-like cells in vitro through a technique called ceiling culture. Mature adipocytes can also be isolated from fresh adipose tissue for depot-specific characterization of their function and metabolic properties. Here, we describe a well-established protocol to isolate mature adipocytes from adipose tissues using collagenase digestion, and subsequent steps to perform ceiling cultures. Briefly, adipose tissues are incubated in a Krebs-Ringer-Henseleit buffer containing collagenase to disrupt tissue matrix. Floating mature adipocytes are collected on the top surface of the buffer. Mature cells are plated in a T25-flask completely filled with media and incubated upside down for a week. An alternative 6-well plate culture approach allows the characterization of adipocytes undergoing dedifferentiation. Adipocyte morphology drastically changes over time of culture. Immunofluorescence can be easily performed on slides cultivated in 6-well plates as demonstrated by FABP4 immunofluorescence staining. FABP4 protein is present in mature adipocytes but down-regulated through dedifferentiation of fat cells. Mature adipocyte dedifferentiation may represent a new avenue for cell therapy and tissue engineering.

Mature adipocytes may represent an abundant source of stem cells through dedifferentiation, which leads to a homogenous population of fibroblast-like cells. Collagenase digestion is used to isolate mature adipocytes from human fat. The goal of our protocol is to obtain multipotent, dedifferentiated fat cells from human mature adipocytes.

Generación de células madre adiposas Humano a través Desdiferenciación de adipocitos maduros en culturas de techo

Mature adipocytes have been shown to reverse their phenotype into fibroblast-like cells in vitro through a technique called ceiling culture. Mature ...

Investigación

Biología del Desarrollo

Immunomagnetic Separation of Fat Depot-specific Sca1high Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs)

The isolation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is an important method in the field of adipose tissue biology, adipogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In vivo, ECM-rich environment consisting of fibrillar collagens provides a structural support to adipose tissues during the progression and regression of obesity. Physiological ECM remodeling mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a major role in regulating adipose tissue size and function1,2. The loss of physiological collagenolytic ECM remodeling may lead to excessive collagen accumulation (tissue fibrosis), macrophage infiltration, and ultimately, a loss of metabolic homeostasis including insulin resistance3,4. When a phenotypic change of the adipose tissue is observed in gene-targeted mouse models, isolating primary ASCs from fat depots for in vitro studies is an effective approach to define the role of the specific gene in regulating the function of ASCs. In the following, we define an immunomagnetic separation of Sca1high ASCs.

Immunomagnetic Separation of Fat Depot-specific Sca1high Adipose-derived Stem Cells ASCs

We present the techniques required to isolate the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from mouse inguinal (subcutaneous) and perigonadal (visceral) adipose tissue depots to assess their gene expression and collagenolytic activity. This method includes the enrichment of Sca1high adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using immunomagnetic cell separation.

La separación inmunomagnética de Sca1 depósitos de grasa específica<sup&gt; alta</sup&gt; Células Madre derivadas de tejido adiposo (ASC)

The isolation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is an important method in the field of adipose tissue biology, adipogenesis, and extracellular matrix ...

A Microphysiologic Platform for Human Fat: Sandwiched White Adipose Tissue

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a crucial role in regulating weight and everyday health. Still, there are significant limitations to available primary culture models, all of which have failed to faithfully recapitulate the adipose microenvironment or extend WAT viability beyond two weeks. The lack of a reliable primary culture model severely impedes research in WAT metabolism and drug development. To this end we have utilized NIH's standards of a microphysiologic system to develop a novel platform for WAT primary culture called 'SWAT' (sandwiched white adipose tissue). We overcome the natural buoyancy of adipocytes by sandwiching minced WAT clusters between sheets of adipose-derived stromal cells. In this construct, WAT samples are viable over eight weeks in culture. SWAT maintains the intact ECM, cell-to-cell contacts, and physical pressures of in vivo WAT conditions; additionally, SWAT maintains a robust transcriptional profile, sensitivity to exogenous chemical signaling, and whole tissue function. SWAT represents a simple, reproducible, and effective method of primary adipose culture. Potentially, it is a broadly applicable platform for research in WAT physiology, pathophysiology, metabolism, and pharmaceutical development.

White adipose tissue (WAT) has critical deficiencies in its current primary culture models, hindering pharmacological development and metabolic studies. Here, we present a protocol to produce an adipose microphysiological system by sandwiching WAT between sheets of stromal cells. This construct provides a stable and adaptable platform for primary WAT culture.

Una plataforma de Microphysiologic de grasa humana: intercala tejido adiposo blanco

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a crucial role in regulating weight and everyday health.  Still, there are significant limitations to available primary ...

Comportamiento

Robust Differentiation of Human iPSCs into a Pure Population of Adipocytes to Study Adipocyte-Associated Disorders

Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have allowed the generation of different cell types, including adipocytes. However, the current differentiation methods have low efficiency and do not produce a homogenous population of adipocytes. Here, we circumvent this problem by using an all-trans retinoic-based method to produce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in high yield. By regulating pathways governing cell proliferation, survival, and adhesion, our differentiation strategy allows the efficient generation of embryonic bodies (EBs) that differentiate into a pure population of multipotent MSCs. The high number of MSCs generated by this method provides an ideal source for generating adipocytes. However, sample heterogeneity resulting from adipocyte differentiation remains a challenge. Therefore, we used a Nile red-based method for purifying lipid-bearing mature adipocytes using FACS. This sorting strategy allowed us to establish a reliable way to model adipocyte-associated metabolic disorders using a pool of adipocytes with reduced sample heterogeneity and enhanced cell functionality.

The protocol allows the generation of a pure adipocyte population from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Retinoic acid is used to differentiate iPSCs into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are used for producing adipocytes. Then, a sorting approach based on Nile red staining is used to obtain pure adipocytes.

Diferenciación robusta de iPSCs humanas en una población pura de adipocitos para estudiar trastornos asociados a adipocitos

Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have allowed the generation of different cell types, including adipocytes. However, the ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Digestión del corazón y del músculo esquelético del ratón para el cultivo de progenitores fibroadipogénicos

Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitor Isolation, Expansion, and Differentiation from the Spiny Mouse Model

Due to its exceptional repair program, the spiny mouse is an emerging research model for regenerative medicine. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are tissue-resident cells that are able to differentiate into adipocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are fundamental for orchestrating tissue regeneration as they are responsible for extracellular matrix remodeling after injury. This study focuses on investigating the specific role of fibro-adipogenic progenitors in spiny mouse cardiac repair and skeletal muscle regeneration. To this end, a protocol has been optimized for the purification of spiny mouse fibro-adipogenic progenitors by flow cytometry from enzymatically dissociated skeletal and cardiac muscle. The population obtained from this protocol is capable of expanding in vitro, and can be differentiated to myofibroblasts and adipocytes. This protocol offers a valuable tool for researchers to examine the distinctive properties of spiny mouse, and to compare them to the Mus musculus. This will provide insights that could advance the understanding of regenerative mechanisms in this intriguing model.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autor destacado: Optimización del análisis celular con un protocolo innovador para el estudio de modelos de ratones espinosos

This protocol outlines the isolation of skeletal and cardiac muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) from spiny mouse (Acomys) via enzymatic dissociation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The FAPs obtained from this protocol can be effectively expanded and differentiated to myofibroblasts and adipocytes.

Aislamiento, expansión y diferenciación de progenitores fibro-adipogénicos a partir del modelo de ratón espinoso

Due to its exceptional repair program, the spiny mouse is an emerging research model for regenerative medicine. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are ...

Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Obesity is accompanied by an extensive remodeling of adipose tissue primarily via adipocyte hypertrophy. Extreme adipocyte growth results in a poor response to insulin, local hypoxia, and inflammation. By stimulating the differentiation of functional white adipocytes from progenitors, radical hypertrophy of the adipocyte population can be prevented and, consequently, the metabolic health of adipose tissue can be improved along with a reduction of inflammation. Also, by stimulating a differentiation of beige/brown adipocytes, the total body energy expenditure can be increased, resulting in weight loss. This approach could prevent the development of obesity co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
This paper describes the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of white and beige adipocytes from a subset of human adipose tissue endothelial cells that co-express the CD31 and CD34 markers. The method is relatively cheap and is not labor-intensive. It requires access to human adipose tissue and the subcutaneous depot is suitable for sampling. For this protocol, fresh adipose tissue samples from morbidly obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) &#62;35] are collected during bariatric surgery procedures. Using a sequential immunoseparation from the stromal vascular fraction, enough cells are produced from as little as 2&#8211;3 g of fat. These cells can be expanded in culture over 10&#8211;14 days, can be cryopreserved, and retain their adipogenic properties with passaging up to passage 5&#8211;6. The cells are treated for 14 days with an adipogenic cocktail using a combination of human insulin and the PPAR&#947; agonist-rosiglitazone.
This methodology can be used for obtaining proof of concept experiments on molecular mechanisms that drive adipogenic responses in adipose endothelial cells, or for screening new drugs that can enhance the adipogenic response directed either towards white or beige/brown adipocyte differentiation. Using small subcutaneous biopsies, this methodology can be used to screen out non-responder subjects for clinical trials aimed to stimulate beige/brown and white adipocytes for the treatment of obesity and co-morbidities.

The differentiation of white and beige adipocytes from adipose tissue vascular progenitors bears potential for metabolic improvement in obesity. We describe protocols for a CD34+CD31+ endothelial cell isolation from human fat and for a subsequent in vitro expansion and differentiation into white and beige adipocytes. Several downstream applications are discussed.

Aislamiento, expansión y Adipogenic inducción de CD31 + CD34 + células endoteliales del humano omentales y subcutáneos de tejido adiposo

Obesity is accompanied by an extensive remodeling of adipose tissue primarily via adipocyte hypertrophy. Extreme adipocyte growth results in a poor ...

Inmunología e Infección

A Human 3D Extracellular Matrix-Adipocyte Culture Model for Studying Matrix-Cell Metabolic Crosstalk

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of cellular function. The ECM plays a particularly important role in adipose tissue function in obesity, and alterations in adipose tissue ECM deposition and composition are associated with metabolic disease in mice and humans. Tractable in vitro models that permit dissection of the roles of the ECM and cells in contributing to global tissue phenotype are sparse. We describe a novel 3D in vitro model of human ECM-adipocyte culture that permits study of the specific roles of the ECM and adipocytes in regulating adipose tissue metabolic phenotype. Human adipose tissue is decellularized to isolate ECM, which is subsequently repopulated with preadipocytes that are then differentiated within the ECM into mature adipocytes. This method creates ECM-adipocyte constructs that are metabolically active and retain characteristics of the tissues and patients from which they are derived. We have used this system to demonstrate disease-specific ECM-adipocyte crosstalk in human adipose tissue. This culture model provides a tool for dissecting the roles of the ECM and adipocytes in contributing to global adipose tissue metabolic phenotype and permits study of the role of the ECM in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis.

We describe a 3D human extracellular matrix-adipocyte in vitro culture system that permits dissection of the roles of the matrix and adipocytes in contributing to adipose tissue metabolic phenotype.

Un modelo de cultivo de matriz-adipocitos extracelulares 3D humano para el estudio de la conversación cruzada metabólica Matrix-Cell

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of ...

Bioingeniería

Preparation of Adipose Progenitor Cells from Mouse Epididymal Adipose Tissues

Obesity and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, are all associated with dramatic adipose tissue remodeling. Tissue-resident adipose progenitor cells (APCs) play a key role in adipose tissue homeostasis and can contribute to the tissue pathology. The growing use of single cell analysis technologies &#8211; including single-cell RNA-sequencing and single-cell proteomics &#8211; is transforming the stem/progenitor cell field by permitting unprecedented resolution of individual cell expression changes within the context of population- or tissue-wide changes. In this article, we provide detailed protocols to dissect mouse epididymal adipose tissue, isolate single adipose tissue-derived cells, and perform fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to enrich for viable Sca1+/CD31-/CD45-/Ter119- APCs. These protocols will allow investigators to prepare high quality APCs suitable for downstream analyses such as single cell RNA sequencing.

We present a simple method to isolate highly viable adipose progenitor cells from mouse epididymal fat pads using fluorescence activated cell sorting.

Preparación de células progenitoras adiposas de tejidos adiposos epidídicos del ratón

Obesity and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, are all associated with dramatic adipose tissue remodeling. Tissue-resident ...

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