NIH R21NS42516 au TGH Craig H Nielsen Foundation Grant 83860 à TGH NIDRR-RRTC. APTA bourses de doctorat pour CKT

<ol>
	<li>Miller, J. F., Paul, K. D., Rymer, W. Z., Heckman, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=5-HT1B/1D+agonist+CGS-12066B+attenuates+clasp+knife+reflex+in+the+cat.">5-HT1B/1D agonist CGS-12066B attenuates clasp knife reflex in the cat.</a> J Neurophysiol. 74, 453-456 (1995).</li><li>Gimenez y Ribotta, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+analysis+of+recovered+locomotor+movements+of+the+hindlimbs+in+paraplegic+rats+transplanted+with+monoaminergic+embryonic+neurons.">Kinematic analysis of recovered locomotor movements of the hindlimbs in paraplegic rats transplanted with monoaminergic embryonic neurons.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 860, 521-523 (1998).</li><li>Landry, E. S., Guertin, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+effects+of+5-HT1+and+5-HT2+receptor+agonists+on+hindlimb+movements+in+paraplegic+mice.">Differential effects of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonists on hindlimb movements in paraplegic mice.</a> Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 28, 1053-1060 (2004).</li><li>Liu, J., Jordan, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulation+of+the+parapyramidal+region+of+the+neonatal+rat+brain+stem+produces+locomotor-like+activity+involving+spinal+5-HT7+and+5-HT2A+receptors.">Stimulation of the parapyramidal region of the neonatal rat brain stem produces locomotor-like activity involving spinal 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors.</a> J Neurophysiol. 94, 1392-1404 (2005).</li><li>Fong, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord-transected+mice+learn+to+step+in+response+to+quipazine+treatment+and+robotic+training.">Spinal cord-transected mice learn to step in response to quipazine treatment and robotic training.</a> J Neurosci. 25, 11738-11747 (2005).</li><li>Murray, K., Nakae, A., Stephens, M. J., Rank, M., D Amico, J., Harvey, P., Li, X., Harris, L., Ballou, E. W., Anelli, R., Heckman, C. J., Mashimo, T., Vavrek, R., Sanelli, L., Gorassini, M. A., Bennett, D. J., Fouad, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recovery+of+motoneuron+and+locomotor+function+after+chronic+spinal+cord+injury+depends+on+constitutive+activity+in+5-HT2C+receptors.">Recovery of motoneuron and locomotor function after chronic spinal cord injury depends on constitutive activity in 5-HT2C receptors.</a> Nature Medicine. , (2010).</li><li>Pariente, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluoxetine+modulates+motor+performance+and+cerebral+activation+of+patients+recovering+from+stroke.">Fluoxetine modulates motor performance and cerebral activation of patients recovering from stroke.</a> Ann Neurol. 50, 718-729 (2001).</li><li>Hornby, T. G., Lewek, M. D., Thompson, C. K., Heitz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repeated+maximal+volitional+effort+contractions+in+human+spinal+cord+injury:+initial+torque+increases+and+reduced+fatigue.">Repeated maximal volitional effort contractions in human spinal cord injury: initial torque increases and reduced fatigue.</a> Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 23, 928-938 (2009).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. , (2000).</li><li>Lewek, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allowing+intralimb+kinematic+variability+during+locomotor+training+poststroke+improves+kinematic+consistency:+a+subgroup+analysis+from+a+randomized+clinical+trial.">Allowing intralimb kinematic variability during locomotor training poststroke improves kinematic consistency: a subgroup analysis from a randomized clinical trial.</a> Phys Ther. 89, 829-839 (2009).</li><li>Fung, J., Barbeau, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+dynamic+EMG+profile+index+to+quantify+muscular+activation+disorder+in+spastic+paretic+gait.">A dynamic EMG profile index to quantify muscular activation disorder in spastic paretic gait.</a> Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 73, 233-244 (1989).</li><li>Bohannon, R. W., Smith, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interrater+reliability+of+a+modified+Ashworth+scale+of+muscle+spasticity.">Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity.</a> Phys Ther. 67, 206-207 (1987).</li><li>Benz, E., TG, H. o. r. n. b. y., RK, B. o. d. e., Scheidt, R. A., Schmit, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+physiologically+based+clinical+measure+for+spastic+reflexes+in+spinal+cord+injury.">A physiologically based clinical measure for spastic reflexes in spinal cord injury.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 86, 52-59 (2005).</li></ol>

Cette vidéo de démonstration met en évidence des méthodes pour évaluer les changements dans l&#39;activité réflexe, la force volitive et déambulation après l&#39;administration orale aiguë des ISRS chez l&#39;homme SCI. Cette batterie d&#39;évaluations montre que malgré l&#39;augmentation de ce qu&#39;on appelle l&#39;activité réflexe anormale après administration orale aiguë d&#39;un ISRS, l&#39;individu avec la SCI a démontré des améliorations dans la force volitive, avec seulement des modifications mineures dans la capacité de locomotion. Chez ces individus, les effets de la spasticité augmentée ne semblent pas nuire à la fonction ambulatoire. En outre des améliorations dans la capacité de marche peut être plus prononcé chez les personnes avec des lésions aiguës. Poursuivant des études de l&#39;utilisation de ces évaluations quantitatives et cliniques similaires pour déterminer l&#39;efficacité des ISRS combinés et intensive des interventions physiques, comme cela a été employé dans des modèles animaux de la SCI. Avec un solide cadre théorique basé sur la recherche en sciences de longue date et relativement nouvelle base, ces méthodes peuvent aider à traduire ces informations à une population clinique et peuvent contester certaines des protocoles traditionnels utilisés dans la pratique clinique afin d&#39;augmenter la récupération fonctionnelle chez les individus avec la SCI.

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<td>Isokinetic Dynamometer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Biodex</td>
<td>System 3 with Rehab Toolkit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>EMG system</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Delysis</td>
<td>Bagnoli 2.1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>EMG system</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Noraxon</td>
<td>Mayosystem 1400a</td>
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<td>Metabolic</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ConMed</td>
<td>K4B2</td>
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methods to quantify pharmacologically induced alterations in motor function in human incomplete sci

Lésion de la moelle épinière (SCI) est une maladie débilitante, qui produit des déficits profonds dans le contrôle moteur volontaire. Après la stabilisation médicale, la récupération auprès de la SCI implique généralement réhabilitation à long terme. Bien que la reprise de la marche est un objectif primordial chez de nombreux patients au début, après une blessure, ceux avec une SCI automobiles incomplets, indiquant la préservation partielle de contrôle volontaire, peut-être l&#39;résiduelle suffisante voies descendantes nécessaires pour atteindre cet objectif. Cependant, malgré les interventions physiques, une déficience motrice, y compris la faiblesse, et la manifestation de l&#39;activité anormale réflexe involontaire, appelée la spasticité ou des spasmes, on pense contribuer à la reprise de marche réduite. Pensée doctrinaire suggère que l&#39;assainissement de cette réflexes moteurs anormaux associés à la SCI va produire des avantages fonctionnels pour le patient. Par exemple, les médecins et les thérapeutes de fournir des interventions pharmacologiques spécifiques ou physiques dirigées vers la réduction de la spasticité ou des spasmes, mais il continue à être peu de données empiriques suggérant que ces stratégies d&#39;améliorer la capacité de marcher. Dans les dernières décennies, les données s&#39;accumulent a suggéré que les agents neuromodulateurs spécifiques, y compris les agents qui imitent ou de faciliter les actions des monoamines, dont la sérotonine (5HT) et de la norépinéphrine (NE), peut initier ou augmenter la marche des comportements dans des modèles animaux de la SCI. Fait intéressant, beaucoup de ces agents, notamment les agonistes 5HTergic, peut augmenter sensiblement l&#39;excitabilité spinale, qui à son tour augmente aussi l&#39;activité réflexe chez ces animaux. Contraire à l&#39;intuition des théories traditionnelles de recouvrement suivants humaine SCI, les preuves empiriques à partir d&#39;expériences en sciences fondamentales suggèrent que cette excitabilité réflexe hyper et génération de comportements locomoteurs sont entraînés en parallèle par les entrées neuromodulateurs (5HT) et peut être nécessaire pour la récupération fonctionnelle après un traumatisme médullaire. L&#39;application de ce nouveau concept dérivé de base des études scientifiques pour favoriser la reprise suivante humaine SCI semble être sans faille, bien que la traduction directe des résultats peut être extrêmement difficile. Plus précisément, dans les modèles animaux, une cathéter implanté facilite la livraison de très spécifique des composés agonistes 5HT directement sur le circuit de la colonne vertébrale. La traduction de cette technique pour les humains est entravée par le manque de techniques chirurgicales spécifiques ou des agents pharmacologiques disponibles dirigés vers types de récepteurs 5HT qui sont sûrs et efficaces pour les essais cliniques humains. Toutefois, l&#39;administration orale d&#39;agents couramment disponibles 5HTergic, tels que les inhibiteurs sélectifs du recaptage de la sérotonine (ISRS), peut être une option viable pour augmenter les concentrations de 5HT centrale afin de faciliter la récupération de marche chez les humains. Quantification systématique du fonctionnement de ces ISRS modulent comportements moteurs humains après la SCI, avec un accent particulier sur la force, les réflexes et la récupération de la capacité de marcher, sont portées disparues. Cette vidéo de démonstration est une tentative systématique et progressive pour évaluer quantitativement la modulation de l&#39;activité réflexe, la force volitive et déambulation après l&#39;administration orale aiguë d&#39;un ISRS chez l&#39;homme SCI. Les agents sont appliqués à des jours simples pour évaluer les effets immédiats sur la fonction motrice dans cette population de patients, à long terme des études impliquant l&#39;administration de médicaments répétés combiné avec intensifs interventions physiques.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI at JoVE.com

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Cette vidéo montre la modulation de l&#39;activité réflexe, la force volitive et déambulation à travers des évaluations cliniques et quantitatives chez les individus atteints de lésion médullaire incomplète du moteur à la suite d&#39;une administration orale aiguë d&#39;une recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS).

Méthodes de quantification Altérations pharmacologiquement induite de la fonction motrice de l&#39;homme incomplet SCI

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder, which produces profound deficits in volitional motor control. Following medical stabilization, ...

methods-to-quantify-pharmacologically-induced-alterations-motor

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13.6K vues.  Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. Cette vidéo montre la modulation de l'activité réflexe, la force volitive et déambulation à travers des évaluations cliniques et quantitatives chez les individus atteints de lésion médullaire incomplète du moteur à la suite d'une administration orale aiguë d'une recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS).

Vidéo: Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

The sense of taste is critical for human life. It informs the body about the quality of food that will be potentially ingested and stimulates metabolic processes that prepare the alimentary canal for digestion. Steady progress is being made towards understanding the early biochemical and molecular events underlying taste transduction (for a review, Breslin and Spector, 20081). However, progress to date has largely resulted from animal models. Yet, since marked differences in receptor specificity and receptor density vary among species, human taste transduction will only be understood by using human taste tissue. Here we describe a biopsy technique to collect human fungiform papillae, visible as rounded pink anterior structures, about 0.5 mm in diameter that contain taste buds. These biopsied papillae are used for several purposes including the isolation of viable taste bud cells, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and, through techniques of molecular biology, the identification of taste-specific novel proteins.

Technique to Collect Fungiform Taste Papillae from Human Tongue

Knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying gustatory transduction has recently enjoyed significant advances, largely due to using animal models. However, the wide diversity in taste sensitivity and specificity among mammals warrants studies in human tissue. We describe a biopsy technique to collect living taste cells from the papillae on human tongue.

Technique pour collecter des fongiformes (goût) Papilles de la langue de l&#39;homme

The sense of taste is critical for human life. It informs the body about the quality of food that will be potentially ingested and stimulates metabolic ...

Recherche

Médecine

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric 
contractions. The pelvic limb of an anesthetized dog is immobilized in a stereotactic frame to align the tibia at a right angle to the femur. Adhesive wrap affixes the 
paw to a pedal mounted on the shaft of a servomotor to measure torque. Percutaneous nerve stimulation activates pelvic limb muscles of the paw to either push (extend) or 
pull (flex) against the pedal to generate isometric torque. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation activates tibiotarsal extensor muscles. Repeated eccentric (lengthening) 
contractions are induced in the tibiotarsal flexor muscles by percutaneous peroneal nerve stimulation. The eccentric protocol consists of an initial isometric contraction 
followed by a forced stretch imposed by the servomotor. The rotation effectively lengthens the muscle while it contracts, e.g., an eccentric contraction. During 
stimulation flexor muscles are subjected to an 800 msec isometric and 200 msec eccentric contraction. This procedure is repeated every 5 sec. To avoid fatigue, 4 min rest 
follows every 10 contractions with a total of 30 contractions performed.

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

We describe a minimally-invasive and painless method to measure canine hindlimb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric contractions.

In Vivo Assay Muscle Fonction Canine

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric 
...

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Lethal cardiac arrhythmias contribute to mortality in a number of pathological conditions. Several parameters obtained from a 
non-invasive, easily obtained electrocardiogram (ECG) are established, well-validated prognostic indicators of cardiac risk in patients suffering 
from a number of cardiomyopathies. Increased heart rate, decreased heart rate variability (HRV), and increased duration and variability of cardiac 
ventricular electrical activity (QT interval) are all indicative of enhanced cardiac risk 1-4. In animal models, it is valuable to compare 
these ECG-derived variables and susceptibility to experimentally induced arrhythmias. Intravenous infusion of the arrhythmogenic agent aconitine has
 been widely used to evaluate susceptibility to arrhythmias in a range of experimental conditions, including animal models of depression 5 and 
 hypertension 6, following exercise 7 and exposure to air pollutants 8, as well as determination of the antiarrhythmic efficacy of pharmacological 
 agents 9,10. 
It should be noted that QT dispersion in humans is a measure of QT interval variation across the full set of leads from a 
standard 12-lead ECG. Consequently, the measure of QT dispersion from the 2-lead ECG in the rat described in this protocol is different than that 
calculated from human ECG records. This represents a limitation in the translation of the data obtained from rodents to human clinical medicine.
Status epilepticus (SE) is a single seizure or series of continuously recurring seizures lasting more than 30 min 
11,12 11,12, and results in mortality in 20% of cases 13. Many individuals survive the SE, but die within 30 days 14,15.
 The mechanism(s) of this delayed mortality is not fully understood. It has been suggested that lethal ventricular arrhythmias contribute to many of these 
 deaths 14-17. In addition to SE, patients experiencing spontaneously recurring seizures, i.e. epilepsy, are at risk of premature 
 sudden and unexpected death associated with epilepsy (SUDEP) 18. As with SE, the precise mechanisms mediating SUDEP are not known. 
 It has been proposed that ventricular abnormalities and resulting arrhythmias make a significant contribution 18-22.
 To investigate the mechanisms of seizure-related cardiac death, and the efficacy of cardioprotective therapies, it is 
 necessary to obtain both ECG-derived indicators of risk and evaluate susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias in animal models of seizure disorders 
 23-25. Here we describe methods for implanting ECG electrodes in the Sprague-Dawley laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus), following SE,
 collection and analysis of ECG recordings, and induction of arrhythmias during iv infusion of aconitine.
 These procedures can be used to directly determine the relationships between ECG-derived measures of cardiac electrical 
 activity and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in rat models of seizure disorders, or any pathology associated with increased risk of sudden 
 cardiac death.

Techniques for measurement of electrical activity of the heart by electrocardiogram (ECG), and analysis of cardiac risk factors and susceptibility to arrhythmias following status epilepticus (SE) in the rat are described.

Méthodes d&#39;évaluation de l&#39;ECG d&#39;indicateurs de risque cardiaque, et la susceptibilité à l&#39;aconitine arythmies induites chez le rat après Etat de mal épileptique

Lethal cardiac arrhythmias contribute to mortality in a number of pathological conditions. Several parameters obtained from a 
non-invasive, easily ...

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

In order to follow optic neuritis patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment, a handy, accurate and quantifiable tool is required to assess changes in myelination at the central nervous system (CNS). However, standard measurements, including routine visual tests and MRI scans, are not sensitive enough for this purpose. We present two visual tests addressing dynamic monocular and binocular functions which may closely associate with the extent of myelination along visual pathways. These include Object From Motion (OFM) extraction and Time-constrained stereo protocols. In the OFM test, an array of dots compose an object, by moving the dots within the image rightward while moving the dots outside the image leftward or vice versa. The dot pattern generates a camouflaged object that cannot be detected when the dots are stationary or moving as a whole. Importantly, object recognition is critically dependent on motion perception. In the Time-constrained Stereo protocol, spatially disparate images are presented for a limited length of time, challenging binocular 3-dimensional integration in time. Both tests are appropriate for clinical usage and provide a simple, yet powerful, way to identify and quantify processes of demyelination and remyelination along visual pathways. These protocols may be efficient to diagnose and follow optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis patients.
In the diagnostic process, these protocols may reveal visual deficits that cannot be identified via current standard visual measurements. Moreover, these protocols sensitively identify the basis of the currently unexplained continued visual complaints of patients following recovery of visual acuity. In the longitudinal follow up course, the protocols can be used as a sensitive marker of demyelinating and remyelinating processes along time. These protocols may therefore be used to evaluate the efficacy of current and evolving therapeutic strategies, targeting myelination of the CNS.

Object From Motion (OFM) and Time-constrained stereo protocols are sensitive tools to identify monocular and binocular dynamic visual function deficits, which are uniquely affected in optic neuritis patients. Furthermore, these tests may be used as quantitative noninvasive tools to assess the extent of myelination along visual pathways.

Tests visuels dynamiques pour identifier et quantifier les dommages visuels et de réparation suite de démyélinisation dans la névrite optique patients

In order to follow optic neuritis patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment, a handy, accurate and quantifiable tool is required to ...

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

This study adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating translational dysphagia research. Successful outcomes are dependent upon three critical components: test chambers that permit self-feeding while standing unrestrained in a confined space, recipes that mask the aversive taste/odor of commercially-available oral contrast agents, and a step-by-step test protocol that permits quantification of swallow physiology. Elimination of one or more of these components will have a detrimental impact on the study results. Moreover, the energy level capability of the fluoroscopy system will determine which swallow parameters can be investigated. Most research centers have high energy fluoroscopes designed for use with people and larger animals, which results in exceptionally poor image quality when testing mice and other small rodents. Despite this limitation, we have identified seven VFSS parameters that are consistently quantifiable in mice when using a high energy fluoroscope in combination with the new murine VFSS protocol. We recently obtained a low energy fluoroscopy system with exceptionally high imaging resolution and magnification capabilities that was designed for use with mice and other small rodents. Preliminary work using this new system, in combination with the new murine VFSS protocol, has identified 13 swallow parameters that are consistently quantifiable in mice, which is nearly double the number obtained using conventional (i.e., high energy) fluoroscopes. Identification of additional swallow parameters is expected as we optimize the capabilities of this new system. Results thus far demonstrate the utility of using a low energy fluoroscopy system to detect and quantify subtle changes in swallow physiology that may otherwise be overlooked when using high energy fluoroscopes to investigate murine disease models.

This study successfully adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating translational dysphagia research.

Adaptation vidéofluoroscopie Swallow Méthodes étude humaine pour détecter et caractériser dysphagie dans les modèles murins de la maladie

This study adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating ...

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

While the number of new treatment options tested in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is increasing, there is still no defining of the most reliable assessments regarding therapeutic efficacy. We present clinical and radiological outcome measures used in ambulatory patients participating in our trial &#34;Treatment with L-citrulline and metformin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy&#34;. The motor function measure is a validated test in patients with neuromuscular disorders that consists of 32 items and assesses all three dimensions of motor performance including standing and transfer (D1 subscore), axial and proximal motor function (D2 subscore), and distal motor function (D3 subscore). The test shows high intra- and inter-rater variability but only when strictly following guidelines of the materials, examination steps, and calculation of scores. The 6-minute walk test, timed 10-meter walk/run test, and supine-up time are commonly used timed functional tests that also sufficiently monitor changes in muscle function; however, they strongly depend on patient collaboration. Quantitative MRI is an objective and sensitive biomarker to detect subclinical changes, though the examination costs may be a reason for its limited use. In this study, a high correlation between all clinical assessments and quantitative MRI scans was found. The combinational use of these methods provides a better understanding about disease progression; however, longitudinal studies are needed to validate their reliability.

The aim of this study is to present the most reliable clinical outcome measures and their correlations with quantitative muscle MRI in ambulant patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Mesures de la fonction motrice et d’autres paramètres de résultats cliniques chez les enfants Ambulant avec dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne

While the number of new treatment options tested in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is increasing, there is still no defining of the most ...

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely correlated with a history of articular cartilage damage and ligament avulsion. Surgical animal models of OA of the knee play an important role in understanding the onset and progression of post-traumatic OA and aid in the development of novel therapies for this disease. However, non-surgical models have been recently considered to avoid traumatic inflammation that could affect the evaluation of the intervention. 
In this study, an intra-articular cartilage lesion rat model induced by in vivo cyclic compressive loading was developed, which allowed researchers to (1) determine the optimal magnitude, speed, and duration of load that could cause focal cartilage damage; (2) assess post-traumatic spatiotemporal pathological changes in chondrocyte vitality; and (3) evaluate the histological expression of destructive or protective molecules that are involved in the adaptation and repair mechanisms against joint compressive loads. This report describes the experimental protocol for this novel cartilage lesion in a rat model.

Here, we present the cyclic loading-induced intra-articular cartilage lesion model of the rat knee, generated by 60 cyclic compressions over 20 N, resulting in damage to the femoral condylar cartilage in rats.

Méthode non invasive pour générer le modèle de lésion cartilagineuse intra-articulaire induite par la charge cyclique du genou du rat

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely ...

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

The benefits of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure have been proved in a large number of clinical trials in recent years. However, the regulatory mechanism of RDN on hypertension remains elusive. Thus, it&#39;s essential to establish a simpler RDN model in mice. In this study, osmotic mini pumps filled with Angiotensin II were implanted in 14-week-old C57BL/6 mice. One week after the implantation of the mini-osmotic pump, a modified RDN procedure was performed on bilateral renal arteries of the mice using phenol. Age-sex-matched mice were given saline and served as sham group. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and every week subsequently for 21 days. Then, renal artery, abdominal aorta and heart were collected for histological examination using H&#38;E and Masson staining. In this study, we present a simple, practical, repeatable, and standardized RDN model, which can control hypertension and alleviate cardiac hypertrophy. The technique can denervate peripheral renal sympathetic nerves without renal artery damage. Compared to previous models, the modified RDN facilitates the study of the pathobiology and pathophysiology of hypertension.

Here, we present a protocol for renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) in mice with hypertension induced by Angiotensin II infusion. The procedure is repeatable, convenient and allows to study the regulatory mechanisms of RDN on hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.

L’amélioration de la dénervation rénale a atténué l’hypertension induite par la perfusion d’angiotensine II

The benefits of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure have been proved in a large number of clinical trials in recent years. However, the ...

Détermination de la respiration dans les spermatozoïdes humains par respirométrie à haute résolution

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Mitochondrial Function in Human Spermatozoa

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm mitochondrial activity, so the measurement of sperm mitochondrial function is an indicator of sperm quality. High-resolution respirometry is a method of measuring the oxygen consumption of cells or tissues in a closed-chamber system. This technique can be implemented to measure respiration in human sperm and provides information about the quality and integrity of the sperm mitochondria. High-resolution respirometry allows the cells to move freely, which is an a priori advantage in the case of sperm. This technique can be applied with intact or permeabilized spermatozoa and allows for the study of intact sperm mitochondrial function and the activity of individual respiratory chain complexes. The high-resolution oxygraph instrument uses sensors to measure the oxygen concentration coupled with sensitive software to calculate the oxygen consumption. The data are used to calculate respiratory indices based on the oxygen consumption ratios. Consequently, the indices are the proportions of two oxygen consumption rates and are internally normalized to the cell number or protein mass. The respiratory indices are an indicator of sperm mitochondrial function and dysfunction.

Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Faire progresser la recherche sur l’infertilité masculine en démêlant le métabolisme des spermatozoïdes et la fonction mitochondriale 

The analysis of sperm mitochondrial function by high-resolution respirometry permits the measurement of the oxygen consumption of freely moving spermatozoa in a closed-chamber system. The technique can be applied to measure respiration in human spermatozoa, which provides information on sperm mitochondrial characteristics and integrity.

Respirométrie à haute résolution pour évaluer la fonction mitochondriale chez les spermatozoïdes humains

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm ...