TGH에 NIH R21NS42516 TGH 크레이그 H 닐슨 재단 그랜트 83,860 NIDRR - RRTC. CKT에 APTA 박사 장학금

<ol>
	<li>Miller, J. F., Paul, K. D., Rymer, W. Z., Heckman, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=5-HT1B/1D+agonist+CGS-12066B+attenuates+clasp+knife+reflex+in+the+cat.">5-HT1B/1D agonist CGS-12066B attenuates clasp knife reflex in the cat.</a> J Neurophysiol. 74, 453-456 (1995).</li><li>Gimenez y Ribotta, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+analysis+of+recovered+locomotor+movements+of+the+hindlimbs+in+paraplegic+rats+transplanted+with+monoaminergic+embryonic+neurons.">Kinematic analysis of recovered locomotor movements of the hindlimbs in paraplegic rats transplanted with monoaminergic embryonic neurons.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 860, 521-523 (1998).</li><li>Landry, E. S., Guertin, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+effects+of+5-HT1+and+5-HT2+receptor+agonists+on+hindlimb+movements+in+paraplegic+mice.">Differential effects of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonists on hindlimb movements in paraplegic mice.</a> Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 28, 1053-1060 (2004).</li><li>Liu, J., Jordan, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulation+of+the+parapyramidal+region+of+the+neonatal+rat+brain+stem+produces+locomotor-like+activity+involving+spinal+5-HT7+and+5-HT2A+receptors.">Stimulation of the parapyramidal region of the neonatal rat brain stem produces locomotor-like activity involving spinal 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors.</a> J Neurophysiol. 94, 1392-1404 (2005).</li><li>Fong, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord-transected+mice+learn+to+step+in+response+to+quipazine+treatment+and+robotic+training.">Spinal cord-transected mice learn to step in response to quipazine treatment and robotic training.</a> J Neurosci. 25, 11738-11747 (2005).</li><li>Murray, K., Nakae, A., Stephens, M. J., Rank, M., D Amico, J., Harvey, P., Li, X., Harris, L., Ballou, E. W., Anelli, R., Heckman, C. J., Mashimo, T., Vavrek, R., Sanelli, L., Gorassini, M. A., Bennett, D. J., Fouad, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recovery+of+motoneuron+and+locomotor+function+after+chronic+spinal+cord+injury+depends+on+constitutive+activity+in+5-HT2C+receptors.">Recovery of motoneuron and locomotor function after chronic spinal cord injury depends on constitutive activity in 5-HT2C receptors.</a> Nature Medicine. , (2010).</li><li>Pariente, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluoxetine+modulates+motor+performance+and+cerebral+activation+of+patients+recovering+from+stroke.">Fluoxetine modulates motor performance and cerebral activation of patients recovering from stroke.</a> Ann Neurol. 50, 718-729 (2001).</li><li>Hornby, T. G., Lewek, M. D., Thompson, C. K., Heitz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repeated+maximal+volitional+effort+contractions+in+human+spinal+cord+injury:+initial+torque+increases+and+reduced+fatigue.">Repeated maximal volitional effort contractions in human spinal cord injury: initial torque increases and reduced fatigue.</a> Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 23, 928-938 (2009).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. , (2000).</li><li>Lewek, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allowing+intralimb+kinematic+variability+during+locomotor+training+poststroke+improves+kinematic+consistency:+a+subgroup+analysis+from+a+randomized+clinical+trial.">Allowing intralimb kinematic variability during locomotor training poststroke improves kinematic consistency: a subgroup analysis from a randomized clinical trial.</a> Phys Ther. 89, 829-839 (2009).</li><li>Fung, J., Barbeau, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+dynamic+EMG+profile+index+to+quantify+muscular+activation+disorder+in+spastic+paretic+gait.">A dynamic EMG profile index to quantify muscular activation disorder in spastic paretic gait.</a> Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 73, 233-244 (1989).</li><li>Bohannon, R. W., Smith, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interrater+reliability+of+a+modified+Ashworth+scale+of+muscle+spasticity.">Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity.</a> Phys Ther. 67, 206-207 (1987).</li><li>Benz, E., TG, H. o. r. n. b. y., RK, B. o. d. e., Scheidt, R. A., Schmit, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+physiologically+based+clinical+measure+for+spastic+reflexes+in+spinal+cord+injury.">A physiologically based clinical measure for spastic reflexes in spinal cord injury.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 86, 52-59 (2005).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

이 비디오 데모는 반사 활동의 변화, 인간의 SCI에 SSRIs의 급성 경구 관리 다음과 같은 의지 강도와 ambulation을 평가하는 방법을 보여줍니다. 평가의이 배터리는 SSRI의 급성 경구 관리 다음 소위 비정상적인 반사 활동 증가에도 불구하고, SCI와 개인이 운전하는 능력에만 작은 변화, 의지 강도 개선을 보여주는 것을 설명합니다. 이러한 개인에 확대의 spasticity의 효과는 외래 함수에 해로운 표시되지 않습니다. 또한 능력을 걸어 개선 급성 병변과 개인에 더 발음 수 있습니다. 계속 연구는 SCI의 동물 모델에 채용되어 같은 결합 SSRIs 집중 물리적 개입의 효능을 결정하기 위해 다음과 유사한 양적 및 임상 평가를 사용합니다. 오랜와 비교적 새로운 기초 과학 연구를 기반으로 소리를 이론적 프레임 워크,이 방법은 임상 인구로 번역 그러한 정보를 도울 수 있으며, SCI와 개인의 기능 회복을 증가시키기 위해 임상 연습에 사용되는 전통적인 프로토콜의 일부를 도전 수 있습니다.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Isokinetic Dynamometer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Biodex</td>
<td>System 3 with Rehab Toolkit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>EMG system</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Delysis</td>
<td>Bagnoli 2.1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>EMG system</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Noraxon</td>
<td>Mayosystem 1400a</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Metabolic</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ConMed</td>
<td>K4B2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Load Cell</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ATI</td>
<td>Theta</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Force Treadmill</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Bertec</td>
<td>FIT</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Motion Capture</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Motion Analysis</td>
<td>Eagle 3</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

methods to quantify pharmacologically induced alterations in motor function in human incomplete sci

척수 손상 (SCI)는 의지 모터 제어에 깊은 적자를 생산 쇠약 장애입니다. 의료 안정화에 따라, SCI 회복은 일반적으로 장기적인 재활을 포함한다. 걷는 능력을 회복 부상 후 초기 많은 환자, 의지 제어 부분 보존을 나타내는 모터 불완전한 SCI있는 사람에 기본 목표이지만, 이러한 목표를 달성하는 데 필요한 충분한 잔여 내림차순 경로가있을 수 있습니다. 그러나, 물리적인 개입에도 불구하고, 약점, 그리고 spasticity 또는 경련라는 비정상적인 불수의 반사 활동의 징후를 포함한 모터 장애인은 감소 도보 회복에 기여하는 생각되고 있습니다. 순이 론적인 생각 SCI와 관련된 이러한 비정상적인 운동 반사의 치료는 환자에게 기능적 혜택을 생산할 것이라고 제안합니다. 이러한 전략은 걷는 능력을 향상 하자는 작은 경험적 데이터가있을 지속적으로 있지만, 예를 들어, 의사와 치료사는 spasticity 또는 경련을 감소 향해 감독 특정 약리 또는 물리적 개입을 제공합니다. 지난 몇 십년에 축적 데이터는 세로토닌 (5HT)과 norepinephrine (NE)를 포함하여 monoamines의 행동을 모방하거나 촉진 대리인을 포함하여 특정 neuromodulatory 에이전트는, 개시 또는 SCI의 동물 모델에서 동작을 산책 증대 수있는 것을 제안했다. 흥미롭게도, 특히 5HTergic agonists, 이러한 에이전트는 많은 현저하게 차례로 이러한 동물의 반사 활동을 증가 척추 흥분을 높일 수 있습니다. 기초 과학 실험에서 인간의 SCI, 경험적 증거를 다음과 복구의 전통적인 이론에 어긋는 전위의 행동이 반사 하이퍼 흥분과 세대가 neuromodulatory 입력 (5HT)에 의해 병렬적으로 주도하고 있으며 SCI 다음과 같은 기능 회복을 위해 필요할 수 있습니다하는 것이 좋습니다. 결과를 직접 번역이 매우 도전 수 있지만 인간의 SCI 다음과 회복을 촉진하기 위해 기초 과학 연구에서 파생된이 소설 개념의 애플 리케이션은 완벽한 것으로 나타납니다. 특히, 동물 모델에 이식 카테터 직접 척수 회로에 매우 구체적인 5HT 작용제 화합물의 전달을 용이하게합니다. 인간이 기술의 번역은 안전하고 인간의 임상 실험을위한 효과적인 5HT 수용체 subtypes 대한 감독 구체적인 수술 기법을지나 약리 대리인의 부족에 의해 방해합니다. 그러나, 선택적 세로토닌 reuptake 억제제 (SSRIs)와 같은 일반적으로 사용할 수 5HTergic 대리인의 구두 관리는 인간 회복 도보 촉진하기 위해 중앙 5HT 농도를 높이기 위해 실행 가능한 옵션이있을 수 있습니다. 이러한 SSRIs는 강도, 반사, 그리고 능력을 걷는 복구에 특정 중심으로 SCI 다음과 같은 인간의 모터 동작을 조절하는 방법의 체계 부량가 누락되었습니다. 이 비디오 데모는 체계적으로 그리고 양적 반사 활동의 변조, 인간의 SCI에 SSRI의 급성 경구 관리 다음과 같은 의지 강도와 ambulation을 평가하는 진보적인 시도이다. 에이전트는 집약적인 물리적인 개입과 함께 반복 마약 관리에 관련된 장기 연구로이 환자 인구의 모터 기능에 대한 즉각적인 효과를 평가하기 위해 한 일에 적용됩니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI at JoVE.com

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

이 동영상은 세로토닌 reuptake 억제제 (SSRI)의 급성 경구 행정의 결과로 반사 활동의 변조, 모터 불완전 SCI와 개인의 임상 및 정량 평가를 통해 의지 강도와 ambulation을 보여줍니다.

인간의 불완전 SCI에 모터 기능에 Pharmacologically 유도 수선을 계량하는 방법

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder, which produces profound deficits in volitional motor control. Following medical stabilization, ...

methods-to-quantify-pharmacologically-induced-alterations-motor

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.6K 조회수.  Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. 이 동영상은 세로토닌 reuptake 억제제 (SSRI)의 급성 경구 행정의 결과로 반사 활동의 변조, 모터 불완전 SCI와 개인의 임상 및 정량 평가를 통해 의지 강도와 ambulation을 보여줍니다.

비디오: Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

The sense of taste is critical for human life. It informs the body about the quality of food that will be potentially ingested and stimulates metabolic processes that prepare the alimentary canal for digestion. Steady progress is being made towards understanding the early biochemical and molecular events underlying taste transduction (for a review, Breslin and Spector, 20081). However, progress to date has largely resulted from animal models. Yet, since marked differences in receptor specificity and receptor density vary among species, human taste transduction will only be understood by using human taste tissue. Here we describe a biopsy technique to collect human fungiform papillae, visible as rounded pink anterior structures, about 0.5 mm in diameter that contain taste buds. These biopsied papillae are used for several purposes including the isolation of viable taste bud cells, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and, through techniques of molecular biology, the identification of taste-specific novel proteins.

Technique to Collect Fungiform Taste Papillae from Human Tongue

Knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying gustatory transduction has recently enjoyed significant advances, largely due to using animal models. However, the wide diversity in taste sensitivity and specificity among mammals warrants studies in human tissue. We describe a biopsy technique to collect living taste cells from the papillae on human tongue.

인간 혀에서 Fungiform (맛) 용의자를 수집하는 기술

The sense of taste is critical for human life. It informs the body about the quality of food that will be potentially ingested and stimulates metabolic ...

연구

의학

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric 
contractions. The pelvic limb of an anesthetized dog is immobilized in a stereotactic frame to align the tibia at a right angle to the femur. Adhesive wrap affixes the 
paw to a pedal mounted on the shaft of a servomotor to measure torque. Percutaneous nerve stimulation activates pelvic limb muscles of the paw to either push (extend) or 
pull (flex) against the pedal to generate isometric torque. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation activates tibiotarsal extensor muscles. Repeated eccentric (lengthening) 
contractions are induced in the tibiotarsal flexor muscles by percutaneous peroneal nerve stimulation. The eccentric protocol consists of an initial isometric contraction 
followed by a forced stretch imposed by the servomotor. The rotation effectively lengthens the muscle while it contracts, e.g., an eccentric contraction. During 
stimulation flexor muscles are subjected to an 800 msec isometric and 200 msec eccentric contraction. This procedure is repeated every 5 sec. To avoid fatigue, 4 min rest 
follows every 10 contractions with a total of 30 contractions performed.

In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay

We describe a minimally-invasive and painless method to measure canine hindlimb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric contractions.

VIVO 개 근육 기능 분석에

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric 
...

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Lethal cardiac arrhythmias contribute to mortality in a number of pathological conditions. Several parameters obtained from a 
non-invasive, easily obtained electrocardiogram (ECG) are established, well-validated prognostic indicators of cardiac risk in patients suffering 
from a number of cardiomyopathies. Increased heart rate, decreased heart rate variability (HRV), and increased duration and variability of cardiac 
ventricular electrical activity (QT interval) are all indicative of enhanced cardiac risk 1-4. In animal models, it is valuable to compare 
these ECG-derived variables and susceptibility to experimentally induced arrhythmias. Intravenous infusion of the arrhythmogenic agent aconitine has
 been widely used to evaluate susceptibility to arrhythmias in a range of experimental conditions, including animal models of depression 5 and 
 hypertension 6, following exercise 7 and exposure to air pollutants 8, as well as determination of the antiarrhythmic efficacy of pharmacological 
 agents 9,10. 
It should be noted that QT dispersion in humans is a measure of QT interval variation across the full set of leads from a 
standard 12-lead ECG. Consequently, the measure of QT dispersion from the 2-lead ECG in the rat described in this protocol is different than that 
calculated from human ECG records. This represents a limitation in the translation of the data obtained from rodents to human clinical medicine.
Status epilepticus (SE) is a single seizure or series of continuously recurring seizures lasting more than 30 min 
11,12 11,12, and results in mortality in 20% of cases 13. Many individuals survive the SE, but die within 30 days 14,15.
 The mechanism(s) of this delayed mortality is not fully understood. It has been suggested that lethal ventricular arrhythmias contribute to many of these 
 deaths 14-17. In addition to SE, patients experiencing spontaneously recurring seizures, i.e. epilepsy, are at risk of premature 
 sudden and unexpected death associated with epilepsy (SUDEP) 18. As with SE, the precise mechanisms mediating SUDEP are not known. 
 It has been proposed that ventricular abnormalities and resulting arrhythmias make a significant contribution 18-22.
 To investigate the mechanisms of seizure-related cardiac death, and the efficacy of cardioprotective therapies, it is 
 necessary to obtain both ECG-derived indicators of risk and evaluate susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias in animal models of seizure disorders 
 23-25. Here we describe methods for implanting ECG electrodes in the Sprague-Dawley laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus), following SE,
 collection and analysis of ECG recordings, and induction of arrhythmias during iv infusion of aconitine.
 These procedures can be used to directly determine the relationships between ECG-derived measures of cardiac electrical 
 activity and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in rat models of seizure disorders, or any pathology associated with increased risk of sudden 
 cardiac death.

Techniques for measurement of electrical activity of the heart by electrocardiogram (ECG), and analysis of cardiac risk factors and susceptibility to arrhythmias following status epilepticus (SE) in the rat are described.

ECG의 심장병 위험의 지표의 평가, 그리고 쥐의 Aconitine 유발 Arrhythmias을 느끼기 쉬운 상태에 대한 방법은 상태 Epilepticus을 따라

Lethal cardiac arrhythmias contribute to mortality in a number of pathological conditions. Several parameters obtained from a 
non-invasive, easily ...

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

In order to follow optic neuritis patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment, a handy, accurate and quantifiable tool is required to assess changes in myelination at the central nervous system (CNS). However, standard measurements, including routine visual tests and MRI scans, are not sensitive enough for this purpose. We present two visual tests addressing dynamic monocular and binocular functions which may closely associate with the extent of myelination along visual pathways. These include Object From Motion (OFM) extraction and Time-constrained stereo protocols. In the OFM test, an array of dots compose an object, by moving the dots within the image rightward while moving the dots outside the image leftward or vice versa. The dot pattern generates a camouflaged object that cannot be detected when the dots are stationary or moving as a whole. Importantly, object recognition is critically dependent on motion perception. In the Time-constrained Stereo protocol, spatially disparate images are presented for a limited length of time, challenging binocular 3-dimensional integration in time. Both tests are appropriate for clinical usage and provide a simple, yet powerful, way to identify and quantify processes of demyelination and remyelination along visual pathways. These protocols may be efficient to diagnose and follow optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis patients.
In the diagnostic process, these protocols may reveal visual deficits that cannot be identified via current standard visual measurements. Moreover, these protocols sensitively identify the basis of the currently unexplained continued visual complaints of patients following recovery of visual acuity. In the longitudinal follow up course, the protocols can be used as a sensitive marker of demyelinating and remyelinating processes along time. These protocols may therefore be used to evaluate the efficacy of current and evolving therapeutic strategies, targeting myelination of the CNS.

Object From Motion (OFM) and Time-constrained stereo protocols are sensitive tools to identify monocular and binocular dynamic visual function deficits, which are uniquely affected in optic neuritis patients. Furthermore, these tests may be used as quantitative noninvasive tools to assess the extent of myelination along visual pathways.

시신경염 환자에서 탈수 초화 다음 Visual 손상 및 수리를 확인하고 정량화하는 동적 인 비주얼 테스트

In order to follow optic neuritis patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment, a handy, accurate and quantifiable tool is required to ...

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

This study adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating translational dysphagia research. Successful outcomes are dependent upon three critical components: test chambers that permit self-feeding while standing unrestrained in a confined space, recipes that mask the aversive taste/odor of commercially-available oral contrast agents, and a step-by-step test protocol that permits quantification of swallow physiology. Elimination of one or more of these components will have a detrimental impact on the study results. Moreover, the energy level capability of the fluoroscopy system will determine which swallow parameters can be investigated. Most research centers have high energy fluoroscopes designed for use with people and larger animals, which results in exceptionally poor image quality when testing mice and other small rodents. Despite this limitation, we have identified seven VFSS parameters that are consistently quantifiable in mice when using a high energy fluoroscope in combination with the new murine VFSS protocol. We recently obtained a low energy fluoroscopy system with exceptionally high imaging resolution and magnification capabilities that was designed for use with mice and other small rodents. Preliminary work using this new system, in combination with the new murine VFSS protocol, has identified 13 swallow parameters that are consistently quantifiable in mice, which is nearly double the number obtained using conventional (i.e., high energy) fluoroscopes. Identification of additional swallow parameters is expected as we optimize the capabilities of this new system. Results thus far demonstrate the utility of using a low energy fluoroscopy system to detect and quantify subtle changes in swallow physiology that may otherwise be overlooked when using high energy fluoroscopes to investigate murine disease models.

This study successfully adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating translational dysphagia research.

인간 Videofluoroscopic 삼키기 연구 방법을 적응하는 것은 검색 및 설치류 질병 모델에서 연하의 특성을

This study adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating ...

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

While the number of new treatment options tested in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is increasing, there is still no defining of the most reliable assessments regarding therapeutic efficacy. We present clinical and radiological outcome measures used in ambulatory patients participating in our trial &#34;Treatment with L-citrulline and metformin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy&#34;. The motor function measure is a validated test in patients with neuromuscular disorders that consists of 32 items and assesses all three dimensions of motor performance including standing and transfer (D1 subscore), axial and proximal motor function (D2 subscore), and distal motor function (D3 subscore). The test shows high intra- and inter-rater variability but only when strictly following guidelines of the materials, examination steps, and calculation of scores. The 6-minute walk test, timed 10-meter walk/run test, and supine-up time are commonly used timed functional tests that also sufficiently monitor changes in muscle function; however, they strongly depend on patient collaboration. Quantitative MRI is an objective and sensitive biomarker to detect subclinical changes, though the examination costs may be a reason for its limited use. In this study, a high correlation between all clinical assessments and quantitative MRI scans was found. The combinational use of these methods provides a better understanding about disease progression; however, longitudinal studies are needed to validate their reliability.

The aim of this study is to present the most reliable clinical outcome measures and their correlations with quantitative muscle MRI in ambulant patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

모터 기능 및 듀 켄 씨 근이 영양 증 Ambulant 어린이 다른 임상 결과 매개 변수 측정

While the number of new treatment options tested in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is increasing, there is still no defining of the most ...

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely correlated with a history of articular cartilage damage and ligament avulsion. Surgical animal models of OA of the knee play an important role in understanding the onset and progression of post-traumatic OA and aid in the development of novel therapies for this disease. However, non-surgical models have been recently considered to avoid traumatic inflammation that could affect the evaluation of the intervention. 
In this study, an intra-articular cartilage lesion rat model induced by in vivo cyclic compressive loading was developed, which allowed researchers to (1) determine the optimal magnitude, speed, and duration of load that could cause focal cartilage damage; (2) assess post-traumatic spatiotemporal pathological changes in chondrocyte vitality; and (3) evaluate the histological expression of destructive or protective molecules that are involved in the adaptation and repair mechanisms against joint compressive loads. This report describes the experimental protocol for this novel cartilage lesion in a rat model.

Here, we present the cyclic loading-induced intra-articular cartilage lesion model of the rat knee, generated by 60 cyclic compressions over 20 N, resulting in damage to the femoral condylar cartilage in rats.

래트 무릎의 순환 로딩 유도 관절내 연골 병변 모델을 생성하기 위한 비침습적 방법

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely ...

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

The benefits of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure have been proved in a large number of clinical trials in recent years. However, the regulatory mechanism of RDN on hypertension remains elusive. Thus, it&#39;s essential to establish a simpler RDN model in mice. In this study, osmotic mini pumps filled with Angiotensin II were implanted in 14-week-old C57BL/6 mice. One week after the implantation of the mini-osmotic pump, a modified RDN procedure was performed on bilateral renal arteries of the mice using phenol. Age-sex-matched mice were given saline and served as sham group. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and every week subsequently for 21 days. Then, renal artery, abdominal aorta and heart were collected for histological examination using H&#38;E and Masson staining. In this study, we present a simple, practical, repeatable, and standardized RDN model, which can control hypertension and alleviate cardiac hypertrophy. The technique can denervate peripheral renal sympathetic nerves without renal artery damage. Compared to previous models, the modified RDN facilitates the study of the pathobiology and pathophysiology of hypertension.

Here, we present a protocol for renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) in mice with hypertension induced by Angiotensin II infusion. The procedure is repeatable, convenient and allows to study the regulatory mechanisms of RDN on hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.

The benefits of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on blood pressure have been proved in a large number of clinical trials in recent years. However, the ...

고분해능 호흡 측정법을 통한 인간 정자 세포의 호흡 측정

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Mitochondrial Function in Human Spermatozoa

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm mitochondrial activity, so the measurement of sperm mitochondrial function is an indicator of sperm quality. High-resolution respirometry is a method of measuring the oxygen consumption of cells or tissues in a closed-chamber system. This technique can be implemented to measure respiration in human sperm and provides information about the quality and integrity of the sperm mitochondria. High-resolution respirometry allows the cells to move freely, which is an a priori advantage in the case of sperm. This technique can be applied with intact or permeabilized spermatozoa and allows for the study of intact sperm mitochondrial function and the activity of individual respiratory chain complexes. The high-resolution oxygraph instrument uses sensors to measure the oxygen concentration coupled with sensitive software to calculate the oxygen consumption. The data are used to calculate respiratory indices based on the oxygen consumption ratios. Consequently, the indices are the proportions of two oxygen consumption rates and are internally normalized to the cell number or protein mass. The respiratory indices are an indicator of sperm mitochondrial function and dysfunction.

저자 스포트라이트: 정자 대사와 미토콘드리아 기능을 밝히는 남성 불임 연구 발전 

The analysis of sperm mitochondrial function by high-resolution respirometry permits the measurement of the oxygen consumption of freely moving spermatozoa in a closed-chamber system. The technique can be applied to measure respiration in human spermatozoa, which provides information on sperm mitochondrial characteristics and integrity.

인간 정자의 미토콘드리아 기능을 평가하기 위한 고분해능 호흡 측정법

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm ...