Les auteurs tiennent à remercier le Dr Philip H. Schwartz, de la National des Ressources Humaines des cellules souches neurales à l&#39;Hôpital des enfants s, Orange County Institut de recherche pour fournir des cultures hNSPC.

Le repiquage des cellules souches humaines Note: S&#39;il vous plaît se référer à l&#39; <a href="/index/details.stp?ID=263">homme neuronal repiquage Cellules souches</a> article sur la façon de se détacher et de remettre en suspension les cellules. https://www.jove.com/index/Details.stp?ID=263 Préparer la suspension cellulaire pour le comptage <ol><li> Placer 25 ul de solution de 0,4% au bleu Trypan et 20 pi de milieu cellulaire dans un tube Eppendorf. </li><li> Resuspendre les cellules pour être comptés en tapotant doucement le tube contenant les cellules dans un volume connu des médias pour créer une suspension homogène. Placer 5 ul de cellules dans le tube eppendorf de l&#39;étape précédente. Cette étape dilue la concentration cellulaire d&#39;un facteur 10. </li><li> Placez le couvercle en verre sur le hématimètre et la charge d&#39;environ 11-12 ul de la suspension cellulaire. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/262_2008_7_18_4/262_Figure-01.png" alt="262_Figure-01" width="511" height="139" /> </li></ol> Comptage des cellules dans le hémacytomètre <ol><li> Observez la grille entière de l&#39;hématimètre dans un microscope à contraste de phase. Focus sur un quadrant de la grille (comme celui en rouge). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/262_2008_7_18_5/262_Figure-02.png" alt="262_Figure-02" width="492" height="278" /> </li><li> Les cellules mortes ou mourantes apparaîtra bleu parce que leur membrane a été endommagée et ne sont pas en mesure d&#39;exclure le colorant bleu trypan. Les cellules viables n&#39;apparaîtra pas bleu et sera entouré par un &quot;halo&quot; de lumière en contraste de phase (sera «phase-bright»). </li><li> Comptez le nombre de cellules viables dans un quadrant (zone 1 mm 2). Vous pouvez également déterminer la viabilité cellulaire en divisant le nombre de cellules viables par le nombre total de cellules. Compter les cellules dans 3-4 quadrants aléatoire et déterminer le nombre moyen de cellules par quadrant. Puisque le volume d&#39;un quadrant est connu pour être de 10 ml ou 0,1 ul -4, la concentration de cellules peut être déterminé <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/262_2008_7_18_6/262_Figure-03.png" alt="262_Figure-03" width="741" height="165" /> </li><li> Vous pouvez utiliser le raccourci suivant pour déterminer les cellules # / ul: <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/262_2008_7_18_7/262_Figure-04.png" alt="262_Figure-04" width="368" height="69" /> Nombre total de cellules dans un tube = # cellules / ul ul X dans le tube </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Marchenko, S., Flanagan, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passaging+Human+Neural+Stem+Cells.">Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 7, (2007).</li><li>Caprette, D. a. v. i. d. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+a+Hemacytometer.">Using a Hemacytometer.</a> BioEd Online. , (2008).</li><li>Caprette, D. a. v. i. d. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Counting+Chamber+(Hemacytometer).">Counting Chamber (Hemacytometer).</a> BioEd Online. , (2008).</li></ol>

Ce protocole décrit une méthode simple et rapide pour déterminer la concentration de cellules pour une variété d&#39;expériences impliquant des cellules. Utiliser le raccourci décrit en 3D, on peut déterminer rapidement et précisément la concentration de cellules et nombre total de cellules dans un volume donné.

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<td>Phase Contrast Hemacytometer</td>
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<td>Trypan Blue Stain 0.4%</td>
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counting human neural stem cells

La connaissance du nombre exact de cellules viables dans un volume donné d&#39;une suspension cellulaire est nécessaire pour les manipulations de routine de nombreux culture de tissus, comme les cellules de placage pour l&#39;immunocytochimie ou pour transfections cellulaires. Ce protocole décrit une méthode simple et rapide pour différencier les cellules vivantes et mortes et de quantifier la concentration de cellules et nombre total de cellules en utilisant un hématimètre. Cette procédure exige d&#39;abord détacher les cellules d&#39;une surface de croissance et les remettre en suspension dans les médias. Ensuite, les cellules sont diluées dans une solution de bleu Trypan (idéalement à une concentration qui donne 20 à 50 cellules par quadrant) et placé dans le hématimètre. Enfin, la moyenne des chiffres de cellules viables dans plusieurs quadrants sélectionnés au hasard, en divisant la moyenne par le volume d&#39;un 1 mm 2 quadrants (0,1 pi) et en multipliant par le facteur de dilution donne le nombre de cellules par litre En multipliant cette concentration cellulaire par le volume total en ul donne le nombre total de cellules. Ce protocole décrit le comptage humaine souches neurales / cellules précurseurs (hNSPCs), mais peut aussi être utilisé pour de nombreux autres types cellulaires.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Counting Human Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Counting Human Neural Stem Cells

La connaissance du nombre exact de cellules viables est nécessaire pour de nombreuses manipulations culture de tissus. Ce protocole décrit comment différencier entre les cellules vivantes et mortes et de quantifier les cellules en utilisant un hématimètre. Bien qu&#39;il décrit compter humaine souches neurales / cellules précurseurs (hNSPCs), il peut être utilisé pour d&#39;autres types cellulaires.

Comptage des cellules souches humaines

Knowledge of the exact number of viable cells in a given volume of a cell suspension is required for many routine tissue culture manipulations, such as ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

15.5K vues.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). La connaissance du nombre exact de cellules viables est nécessaire pour de nombreuses manipulations culture de tissus. Ce protocole décrit comment différencier entre les cellules vivantes et mortes et de quantifier les cellules en utilisant un hématimètre. Bien qu'il décrit compter humaine souches neurales / cellules précurseurs (hNSPCs), il peut être utilisé pour d'autres types cellulaires.

Vidéo: Counting Human Neural Stem Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem ES Cells

Propagation des souches embryonnaires humaines (ES) Cellules

Recherche

Biologie

Transfecting Human Neural Stem Cells with the Amaxa Nucleofector

Transfection of primary mammalian neural cells, such as human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), with commonly used cationic lipid transfection reagents has often resulted in poor cell viability and low transfection efficiency.  Other mechanical methods of introducing a gene of interest, such as a &#8220;gene gun&#8221; or microinjection, are also limited by poor cell viability and low numbers of transfected cells.  The strategy of using viral constructs to introduce an exogenous gene into primary cells has been constrained by both the amount of time and labor required to create viral vectors and potential safety concerns.  We describe here a step-by-step protocol for transfecting hNSPCs using Amaxa's Nucleofector device and technology with electrical current parameters and buffer solutions specifically optimized for transfecting neural stem cells.  Using this protocol, we have achieved initial transfection efficiencies of ~35% and ~70% after stable transfection.  The protocol entails combining a high number of hNSPCs with the DNA to be transfected in the appropriate buffer followed by electroporation with the Nucleofector device.

Introducing a gene of interest into a cell is a powerful method for elucidating its function in vivo. This protocol describes an efficient method of transfecting a culture of human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) using the Nucleofector electroporation apparatus made by Amaxa.

Transfection des cellules souches humaines à l&#39;Nucleofector Amaxa

Transfection of primary mammalian neural cells, such as human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), with commonly used cationic lipid transfection ...

Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes as well as to explore many fundamental processes of human neural development and pathology.  This protocol presents a simple method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of standardizing this technique and increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.  The hNSPCs we use were isolated from cadaveric postnatal brain cortices by the National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource and grown as adherent cultures on flasks coated with fibronectin (Palmer et al., 2001; Schwartz et al., 2003).  We culture our hNSPCs in a DMEM:F12 serum-free media supplemented with EGF, FGF, and PDGF and passage them 1:2 approximately every seven days.  Using these conditions, the majority of the cells in the culture maintain a bipolar morphology and express markers of undifferentiated neural stem cells (such as nestin and sox2).

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro allows to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes and to explore human neural development. This protocol presents a method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.

Le repiquage des cellules souches humaines

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for ...

Immunocytochemistry: Human Neural Stem Cells

Immunocytochemistry is a very powerful and fairly straightforward method for determining the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of an antigen of interest, most commonly a protein, in cultured cells. This protocol presents an easy-to-follow series of steps that will enable researchers to conserve primary and secondary antibodies while getting high quality, reproducible qualitative and quantitative data out of their staining. There are two aspects of this protocol that help to conserve the volume of antibody necessary for staining. For one, the cells are grown on small, circular coverslips that are placed in wells of a tissue culture plate. After fixation, the cells on coverslips can be removed from the wells of the plate. For antibody staining, the coverslip with cells is inverted onto a small drop of antibody solution on parafilm and is covered with a second piece of parafilm to prevent drying. Using this method, only ~25 &mu;l of antibody solution is needed for each coverslip (or sample) to be stained. This protocol describes immunostaining of human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), but can be used for many other cell types.

Immunocytochemistry is a powerful method to determine the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of an antigen of interest in cultured cells. This protocol presents an easy-to-follow series of steps that will enable one to conserve antibodies and get the most out of one's staining.

Immunocytochimie: des cellules souches humaines

Immunocytochemistry is a very powerful and fairly straightforward method for determining the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of ...

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass. 


The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass.

Dérivation des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines par Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

Counting and Determining the Viability of Cultured Cells

Determining the number of cells in culture is important in standardization of culture conditions and in performing accurate quantitation experiments. A hemacytometer is a thick glass slide with a central area designed as a counting chamber. Cell suspension is applied to a defined area and counted so cell density can be calculated. 

Determining the number of cells in culture is important in standardization of culture conditions and in performing accurate quantitation experiments. In this video, we demonstrate how cells are counted using a hemacytometer.

Comptage et détermination de la viabilité des cellules cultivées

Determining the number of cells in culture is important in standardization of culture conditions and in performing accurate quantitation experiments. A ...

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell (EPI-NCSC) Cultures

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the physiological property to generate a wide array of differentiated cell types, including neurons, nerve supporting cells, smooth muscle cells, bone/cartilage cells and melanocytes. EPI-NCSC are easily accessible in the hairy skin and can be isolated as a highly pure population of stem cells. This video provides a detailed protocol for preparing mouse EPI-NCSC cultures from whisker follicles. The whisker pad of an adult mouse is removed, and whisker follicles dissected. The follicles are then cut longitudinally and subsequently transversely above and below the bulge region. The bulge is removed from the collagen capsule and placed in a culture plate. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from the bulge explants 3 to 4 days later.

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell EPI-NCSC Cultures

Here we show our method to isolate mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSC). Technique involves micro-dissecting whisker follicles, isolating the bulge and placeing it into tissue culture. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from bulge explants onto the substratum within 3 - 4 days.

Souris épidermique Neural Stem Cell Crest (EPI-NCSC) cultures

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency that allows a stem cell to differentiate into virtually any cell type 1. The progression stem cell to differentiated cell is characterized by loss of multipotency, structural and morphological changes and the hierarchic activity of transcription factors and signaling molecules, whose activities establish and maintain cell-type specific gene expression patterns. At the molecular level, cell differentiation involves dynamic changes of the structure and composition of chromatin and the detection of those dynamic changes can provide valuable insights into the functional features of stem cells and the cell differentiation process 2,3. Chromatin is a highly compacted DNA-protein complex that forms when cells package chromosomal DNA with proteins, mainly histones 4. Stemcellness and cell differentiation has been correlated with the presence of specific arrays of regulatory proteins such as epigenetic factors, histone variants, and transcription factors 2,3,5.
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) provides a valuable method to monitor the presence of RNA, proteins, and protein modifications in chromatin 6,7. The comparison of chromatin from different cell types can elucidate dynamic changes in protein-chromatin associations that occur during cell differentiation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation involves the purification of in vivo cross-linked chromatin. The isolated chromatin is reduced to smaller fragments by enzymatic digestion or mechanical force. Chromatin fragments are precipitated using specific antibodies to target proteins or protein and DNA modifications. The precipitated DNA or RNA is purified and used as a template for PCR or DNA microarray based assays. Prerequisites for a successful ChIP are high quality antibodies to the desired antigen and the availability of chromatin from control cells that do not express the target molecule. ChIP can correlate the presence of proteins, protein and RNA modifications, and RNA with specific target DNA, and depending on the choice of outread tool, detects the association of target molecules at specific target genes or in the context of an entire genome. The comparison of the distribution of proteins in the chromatin of differentiating cells can elucidate the dynamic changes of chromatin composition that coincide with the progression of cells along a cell lineage.

The differentiation of ESC coincides with cell-type specific changes in the structure and composition of chromatin. The detection of those changes provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that define stemcellness and cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) represents a valuable method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation.

Immunoprécipitation de la chromatine des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Congélation et de décongélation cellules souches embryonnaires humaines

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells ...

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant interest in deriving a pure population of lineage-committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for transplantation. OPCs are characterized by the activity of the transcription factor Olig2 and surface expression of a proteoglycan NG2. Using the GFP-Olig2 (G-Olig2) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) reporter line, we optimized conditions for the differentiation of mESCs into GFP+Olig2+NG2+ OPCs. In our protocol, we first describe the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs. Second, we describe treatment of mESC-derived EBs with small molecules: (1) retinoic acid (RA) and (2) a sonic hedgehog (Shh) agonist purmorphamine (Pur) under defined culture conditions to direct EB differentiation into the oligodendroglial lineage. By this approach, OPCs can be obtained with high efficiency (&gt;80%) in a time period of 30 days. Cells derived from mESCs in this protocol are phenotypically similar to OPCs derived from primary tissue culture. The mESC-derived OPCs do not show the spiking property described for a subpopulation of brain OPCs in situ. To study this electrophysiological property, we describe the generation of spiking mESC-derived OPCs by ectopically expressing NaV1.2 subunit. The spiking and nonspiking cells obtained from this protocol will help advance functional studies on the two subpopulations of OPCs.

We describe a small molecule-based protocol for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This protocol generates Olig2+NG2+ OPCs with high efficiency by 30 days of differentiation. We also describe a method to generate "spiking" OPCs that can fire action potentials.

La différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires en précurseurs d&#39;oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...