Les auteurs tiennent à remercier le Dr Philip H. Schwartz, de la National des Ressources Humaines des cellules souches neurales à l&#39;Hôpital des enfants s, Orange County Institut de recherche pour fournir des cultures hNSPC.

Note: Se référer à l&#39;article de repiquage neuronaux humains Cellules souches ( <a href="/index/Details.stp?ID=263">https://www.jove.com/index/Details.stp?ID=263</a> ) et le comptage de l&#39;homme souches neurales l&#39;article Cells ( <a href="/index/Details.stp?ID=262">https://www.jove.com / index / Details.stp? ID = 262</a> ) pour apprendre à resuspendre et compter hNSPCs. Préparation <ol><li> Assurez-vous qu&#39;il ya beaucoup de cellules disponibles pour la transfection (plusieurs millions de cellules pour chaque ADN à transfecter). </li><li> Enduire un plat de culture de tissu, dans lequel les cellules transfectées seront ensemencés, avec 10 ug / ml de fibronectine humaine la nuit avant la transfection. Juste avant de commencer le protocole de transfection, retirer la fibronectine, rincer la vaisselle avec du PBS, et milieux de culture dans le plat. Laissez le plat dans les 37 ° C incubateur de culture tissulaire pour réchauffer les médias. Aussi, placer 1 ml de milieux de culture dans l&#39;incubateur pour préchauffer à 37 ° C. </li><li> Placez l&#39;ADN (s) à transfecter, et la solution de transfection (à partir Amaxa), sur la glace. </li></ol> La transfection <ol><li> Laver un nombre défini de cellules avec du PBS (nous utilisons habituellement ~ 5 x 106 cellules par transfection). Pellet les cellules par centrifugation (1000 rpm (~ 200xg) pendant 5 minutes), enlever autant que possible du PBS, et remettre le culot cellulaire dans 100 pl de la solution de transfection fourni avec le kit de transfection. Transférer la suspension cellulaire dans un tube de 1,7 ml Eppendorf. </li><li> Ajouter 5 ul de l&#39;ADN (~ 5-10 mg d&#39;ADN par transfection) à la suspension cellulaire et mélanger doucement. </li><li> Utilisation de la mini-Amaxa pipette, transférer le mélange de cellules-ADN dans la cuvette de transfection Amaxa. Assurez vous d&#39;avoir 1 ml de milieux de culture pré-chauffé pour la prochaine étape. Aussi, retirez le plat cellule avec des milieux de culture de l&#39;incubateur et placez-le dans la hotte de culture de tissus. </li><li> Placer la cuvette dans l&#39;Nucleofector, tournez la molette vers la droite, et sélectionnez le programme &quot;A-033&quot;. Appuyez sur Entrée. </li><li> Une transfection réussie est indiquée par la présence d&#39;une couche très dense de bulles sur le dessus de la solution dans la cuvette. Ajouter 500 ul média chaud dans la cuvette, et en utilisant le mini-Amaxa pipette, transférer les cellules transfectées dans le plat avec préchauffé médias. Rincer la cuvette avec des médias plus chaude et ajoutez l&#39;eau de rinçage pour le même plat. Placer le plat avec des cellules dans les 37 ° C incubateur de culture tissulaire. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Gresch, O., Engel, F. B., Nesic, D., Tran, T. T., England, H. M., Hickman, E. S., Krner, I., Gan, L., Chen, S., Castro-Obregon, S., Hammermann, R., Wolf, J., M ller-Hartmann, H., Nix, M., Siebenkotten, G., Kraus, G., Lun, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+non-viral+method+for+gene+transfer+into+primary+cells.">New non-viral method for gene transfer into primary cells.</a> Methods. 33, 151-163 (2004).</li><li>Marchenko, S., Flanagan, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passaging+Human+Neural+Stem+Cells.">Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 7, (2007).</li><li>Marchenko, S., Flanagan, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Counting+Human+Neural+Stem+Cells.">Counting Human Neural Stem Cells.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 7, (2007).</li></ol>

Ce protocole décrit une méthode de transfection relativement rapide et efficace pour hNSPCs. En utilisant cette procédure, nous avons obtenu des efficacités de transfection initiale de ~ 35%. Les cellules transfectées par cette procédure peut être utilisée pour études à court terme (les cellules transfectées de façon transitoire) ou pour des études à long terme si un agent de sélection est utilisée pour générer une population transfectées de façon stable. Nous avons généré des cellules transfectées de façon stable d...

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<td>The Nucleofector Device</td>
<td>Tool</td>
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<td>Mouse neural stem cell nucleofector kit</td>
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<td>Amaxa</td>
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transfecting human neural stem cells with the amaxa nucleofector

La transfection de cellules neurales primaires de mammifères, tels que souches neurales humaines / cellules précurseurs (hNSPCs), avec couramment utilisés cationiques réactifs de transfection des lipides a souvent abouti à la viabilité des cellules pauvres et à faible efficacité de la transfection. D&#39;autres méthodes mécaniques de l&#39;introduction d&#39;un gène d&#39;intérêt, comme un canon à gènes ou de micro-injection, sont également limitées par la viabilité des cellules pauvre et le faible nombre de cellules transfectées. La stratégie consistant à utiliser des vecteurs viraux pour introduire un gène exogène dans les cellules primaires a été freinée par deux la quantité de temps et le travail requis pour créer des vecteurs viraux et de problèmes de sécurité potentiels. Nous décrivons ici un protocole étape par étape pour la transfection en utilisant un dispositif hNSPCs Nucleofector Amaxa et technologie avec les paramètres électriques actuels et solutions tampon spécialement optimisé pour la transfection des cellules souches neurales. En utilisant ce protocole, nous avons atteint des efficacités de transfection initiale de ~ 35% et ~ 70% après transfection stable. Le protocole implique la combinaison d&#39;un nombre élevé de hNSPCs avec l&#39;ADN à transfecter dans le tampon approprié suivie par électroporation avec l&#39;appareil Nucleofector.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transfecting Human Neural Stem Cells with the Amaxa Nucleofector at JoVE.com

Transfecting Human Neural Stem Cells with the Amaxa Nucleofector

L&#39;introduction d&#39;un gène d&#39;intérêt dans une cellule est une méthode puissante pour élucider sa fonction in vivo. Ce protocole décrit une méthode efficace de transfection d&#39;une culture de souches neurales humaines / cellules précurseurs (hNSPCs) en utilisant l&#39;appareil d&#39;électroporation Nucleofector faite par Amaxa.

Transfection des cellules souches humaines à l&#39;Nucleofector Amaxa

Transfection of primary mammalian neural cells, such as human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), with commonly used cationic lipid transfection ...

transfecting-human-neural-stem-cells-with-the-amaxa-nucleofector

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

23.4K vues.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). L'introduction d'un gène d'intérêt dans une cellule est une méthode puissante pour élucider sa fonction in vivo. Ce protocole décrit une méthode efficace de transfection d'une culture de souches neurales humaines / cellules précurseurs (hNSPCs) en utilisant l'appareil d'électroporation Nucleofector faite par Amaxa.

Vidéo: Transfecting Human Neural Stem Cells with the Amaxa Nucleofector

Counting Human Neural Stem Cells

Knowledge of the exact number of viable cells in a given volume of a cell suspension is required for many routine tissue culture manipulations, such as plating cells for immunocytochemistry or for cell transfections. This protocol describes a straightforward and fast method for differentiating between live and dead cells and quantifying the cell concentration and total cell number using a hemacytometer. This procedure first requires detaching cells from a growth surface and resuspending them in media. Next, the cells are diluted in a solution of Trypan blue (ideally to a concentration that will give 20-50 cells per quadrant) and placed in the hemacytometer. Finally, averaging the counts of viable cells in several randomly selected quadrants, dividing the average by the volume of one 1 mm2 quadrant (0.1 &mu;l) and multiplying by the dilution factor gives the number of cells per l. Multiplying this cell concentration by the total volume in &mu;l gives the total cell number. This protocol describes counting human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), but can also be used for many other cell types.

Knowledge of the exact number of viable cells is required for many tissue culture manipulations. This protocol describes how to differentiate between live and dead cells and quantify cells using a hemacytometer. Although it describes counting human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), it can be used for other cell types.

Comptage des cellules souches humaines

Knowledge of the exact number of viable cells in a given volume of a cell suspension is required for many routine tissue culture manipulations, such as ...

Recherche

Biologie

Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes as well as to explore many fundamental processes of human neural development and pathology.  This protocol presents a simple method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of standardizing this technique and increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.  The hNSPCs we use were isolated from cadaveric postnatal brain cortices by the National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource and grown as adherent cultures on flasks coated with fibronectin (Palmer et al., 2001; Schwartz et al., 2003).  We culture our hNSPCs in a DMEM:F12 serum-free media supplemented with EGF, FGF, and PDGF and passage them 1:2 approximately every seven days.  Using these conditions, the majority of the cells in the culture maintain a bipolar morphology and express markers of undifferentiated neural stem cells (such as nestin and sox2).

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro allows to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes and to explore human neural development. This protocol presents a method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.

Le repiquage des cellules souches humaines

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for ...

Immunocytochemistry: Human Neural Stem Cells

Immunocytochemistry is a very powerful and fairly straightforward method for determining the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of an antigen of interest, most commonly a protein, in cultured cells. This protocol presents an easy-to-follow series of steps that will enable researchers to conserve primary and secondary antibodies while getting high quality, reproducible qualitative and quantitative data out of their staining. There are two aspects of this protocol that help to conserve the volume of antibody necessary for staining. For one, the cells are grown on small, circular coverslips that are placed in wells of a tissue culture plate. After fixation, the cells on coverslips can be removed from the wells of the plate. For antibody staining, the coverslip with cells is inverted onto a small drop of antibody solution on parafilm and is covered with a second piece of parafilm to prevent drying. Using this method, only ~25 &mu;l of antibody solution is needed for each coverslip (or sample) to be stained. This protocol describes immunostaining of human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), but can be used for many other cell types.

Immunocytochemistry is a powerful method to determine the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of an antigen of interest in cultured cells. This protocol presents an easy-to-follow series of steps that will enable one to conserve antibodies and get the most out of one's staining.

Immunocytochimie: des cellules souches humaines

Immunocytochemistry is a very powerful and fairly straightforward method for determining the presence, subcellular localization, and relative abundance of ...

Labeling Stem Cells with Fluorescent Dyes for non-invasive Detection with Optical Imaging

Optical imaging (OI) is an easy, fast and inexpensive tool for in vivo monitoring of new stem cell based therapies. The technique is based on ex vivo labeling of stem cells with a fluorescent dye, subsequent intravenous injection of the labeled cells and visualization of their accumulation in specific target organs or pathologies. The presented technique demonstrates how we label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) by simple incubation with the lipophilic fluorescent dye DiD (C67H103CIN2O3S) and how we label human embryonic stem cells (hESC) with the FDA approved fluorescent dye Indocyanine Green (ICG). The uptake mechanism is via adherence and diffusion of the lypophilic dye across the phospholipid cell membrane bilayer. The labeling efficiency is usually improved if the cells are incubated with the dye in serum-free media as opposed to incubation in serum-containing media. Furthermore, the addition of the transfection agent Protamine Sulfate significantly improves contrast agent uptake.

This video shows techniques for labeling of human embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells with fluorescent dyes. This technique can be used for an in vivo tracking of transplanted stem cells with optical imaging and for histopathological correlations with fluorescence microscopy.

Étiquetage des cellules souches avec des colorants fluorescents pour les non-invasive de détection avec l&#39;imagerie optique

Optical imaging (OI) is an easy, fast and inexpensive tool for in vivo monitoring of new stem cell based therapies. The technique is based on ex vivo ...

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell (EPI-NCSC) Cultures

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the physiological property to generate a wide array of differentiated cell types, including neurons, nerve supporting cells, smooth muscle cells, bone/cartilage cells and melanocytes. EPI-NCSC are easily accessible in the hairy skin and can be isolated as a highly pure population of stem cells. This video provides a detailed protocol for preparing mouse EPI-NCSC cultures from whisker follicles. The whisker pad of an adult mouse is removed, and whisker follicles dissected. The follicles are then cut longitudinally and subsequently transversely above and below the bulge region. The bulge is removed from the collagen capsule and placed in a culture plate. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from the bulge explants 3 to 4 days later.

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell EPI-NCSC Cultures

Here we show our method to isolate mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSC). Technique involves micro-dissecting whisker follicles, isolating the bulge and placeing it into tissue culture. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from bulge explants onto the substratum within 3 - 4 days.

Souris épidermique Neural Stem Cell Crest (EPI-NCSC) cultures

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Human Fibroblasts with the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set

In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues first demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 is capable of inducing the pluripotent state in mouse fibroblasts.1 The same group also reported the successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using human versions of the same transcription factors delivered by retroviral vectors.2 Additionally, James Thomson et al. reported that the lentivirus-mediated co-expression of another set of factors (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28) was capable of reprogramming human somatic cells into iPS cells.3
iPS cells are similar to ES cells in morphology, proliferation and the ability to differentiate into all tissue types of the body. Human iPS cells have a distinct advantage over ES cells as they exhibit key properties of ES cells without the ethical dilemma of embryo destruction. The generation of patient-specific iPS cells circumvents an important roadblock to personalized regenerative medicine therapies by eliminating the potential for immune rejection of non-autologous transplanted cells.
Here we demonstrate the protocol for reprogramming human fibroblast cells using the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set. We also show that cells reprogrammed with this set begin to show iPS morphology four days post-transduction. Using the Stemolecule Y27632, we selected for iPS cells and observed correct morphology after three sequential rounds of colony picking and passaging. We also demonstrate that after reprogramming cells displayed the pluripotency marker AP, surface markers TRA-1-81, TRA-1-60, SSEA-4, and SSEA-3, and nuclear markers Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog.

We demonstrate the protocol for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human somatic cells using lentivirus-mediated delivery of the human factors Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28. Pluripotency was confirmed by morphology and the presence of embryonic stem (ES) cell-specific markers.

Génération de cellules souches pluripotentes induites par la reprogrammation des fibroblastes humains avec les lentivirus TF Stemgent Homme Set

In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues first demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 is capable of inducing ...

Xenotransplantation of Human Stem Cells into the Chicken Embryo

The chicken embryo is a classical animal model for studying normal embryonic and fetal development and for xenotransplantation experiments to study the behavior of cells in a standardized in vivo environment. The main advantages of the chicken embryo include low cost, high accessibility, ease of surgical manipulation and lack of a fully developed immune system. Xenotransplantation into chicken embryos can provide valuable information about cell proliferation, differentiation and behavior, the responses of cells to signals in defined embryonic tissue niches, and tumorigenic potential. Transplanting cells into chicken embryos can also be a step towards transplantation experiments in other animal models. Recently the chicken embryo has been used to evaluate the neurogenic potential of human stem and progenitor cells following implantation into neural anlage1-6. In this video we document the entire procedure for transplanting human stem cells into the developing central nervous system of the chicken embryo. The procedure starts with incubation of fertilized eggs until embryos of the desired age have developed. The eggshell is then opened, and the embryo contrasted by injecting dye between the embryo and the yolk. Small lesions are made in the neural tube using microsurgery, creating a regenerative site for cell deposition that promotes subsequent integration into the host tissue. We demonstrate injections of human stem cells into such lesions made in the part of the neural tube that forms the hindbrain and the spinal cord, and into the lumen of the part of the neural tube that forms the brain. Systemic injections into extraembryonic veins and arteries are also demonstrated as an alternative way to deliver cells to vascularized tissues including the central nervous system. Finally we show how to remove the embryo from the egg after several days of further development and how to dissect the spinal cord free for subsequent physiological, histological or biochemical analyses.

In this paper we present a method for transplanting human stem cells into various regions of the central nervous system of the chicken embryo. This provides an in vivo model for assessing the proliferation and differentiation of various types of human stem cells in embryonic tissue environments.

La xénotransplantation de cellules souches humaines dans l&#39;embryon de poulet

The chicken embryo is a classical animal model for studying normal embryonic and fetal development and for xenotransplantation experiments to study the ...

Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Erythropoiesis is a commonly used model system to study cell differentiation. During erythropoiesis, pluripotent adult human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate into oligopotent progenitors, committed precursors and mature red blood cells 1. This process is regulated for a large part at the level of gene expression, whereby specific transcription factors activate lineage-specific genes while concomitantly repressing genes that are specific to other cell types 2. Studies on transcription factors regulating erythropoiesis are often performed using human and murine cell lines that represent, to some extent, erythroid cells at given stages of differentiation 3-5. However transformed cell lines can only partially mimic erythroid cells and most importantly they do not allow one to comprehensibly study the dynamic changes that occur as cells progress through many stages towards their final erythroid fate. Therefore, a current challenge remains the development of a protocol to obtain relatively homogenous populations of primary HSCs and erythroid cells at various stages of differentiation in quantities that are sufficient to perform genomics and proteomics experiments.
Here we describe an ex vivo cell culture protocol to induce erythroid differentiation from human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells that have been isolated from either cord blood, bone marrow, or adult peripheral blood mobilized with G-CSF (leukapheresis). This culture system, initially developed by the Douay laboratory 6, uses cytokines and co-culture on mesenchymal cells to mimic the bone marrow microenvironment. Using this ex vivo differentiation protocol, we observe a strong amplification of erythroid progenitors, an induction of differentiation exclusively towards the erythroid lineage and a complete maturation to the stage of enucleated red blood cells. Thus, this system provides an opportunity to study the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation as hematopoietic stem cells progress along the erythroid lineage. 
Studying erythropoiesis at the transcriptional level also requires the ability to over-express or knockdown specific factors in primary erythroid cells. For this purpose, we use a lentivirus-mediated gene delivery system that allows for the efficient infection of both dividing and non-dividing cells 7. Here we show that we are able to efficiently knockdown the transcription factor TAL1 in primary human erythroid cells. In addition, GFP expression demonstrates an efficiency of lentiviral infection close to 90%. Thus, our protocol provides a highly useful system for characterization of the regulatory network of transcription factors that control erythropoiesis.

Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

An ex vivo protocol to generate mature human red blood cells from hematopoietic stem/progenitors is described. Additionally we describe an efficient lentiviral-delivery method to knockdown the transcription factor TAL1 in primary erythroid cells. The efficiency of lentivirus mediated gene delivery is demonstrated using GFP expressing viruses.

Lentiviraux médiée Knockdown cours Ex Vivo</emÉrythropoïèse> des cellules souches hématopoïétiques humaines

Erythropoiesis is a commonly used model system to study cell differentiation. During erythropoiesis, pluripotent adult human hematopoietic stem cells ...

Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs)1. While improvements in several gene delivery methods have been described2-9, transfection remains a capricious process for HESCs, and has not yet been reported in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this video, we demonstrate how our lab routinely transfects and nucleofects human iPSCs using plasmid with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) reporter. Human iPSCs are adapted and maintained as feeder-free cultures to eliminate the possibility of feeder cell transfection and to allow efficient selection of stable transgenic iPSC clones following transfection. For nucleofection, human iPSCs are pre-treated with ROCK inhibitor11, trypsinized into small clumps of cells, nucleofected and replated on feeders in feeder cell-conditioned medium to enhance cell recovery. Transgene-expressing human iPSCs can be obtained after 6 hours. Antibiotic selection is applied after 24 hours and stable transgenic lines appear within 1 week. Our protocol is robust and reproducible for human iPSC lines without altering pluripotency of these cells.

Despite recent advancements in genetic modification, transfection of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) remains a capricious process. To our knowledge, systematic and efficient methods to transfect human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not been reported. Here, we describe robust protocols to efficiently transfect and nucleofect human iPSCs.

Transfection et Nucleofecting homme cellules souches pluripotentes induites

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human ...

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has been previously shown that human somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) and become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)2-4 . Like hESCs, human iPSCs are pluripotent and a potential source for autologous cells. Here we describe the protocol to reprogram human fibroblast cells with the four reprogramming factors cloned into GFP-containing retroviral backbone4. Using the following protocol, we generate human iPSCs in 3-4 weeks under human ESC culture condition. Human iPSC colonies closely resemble hESCs in morphology and display the loss of GFP fluorescence as a result of retroviral transgene silencing. iPSC colonies isolated mechanically under a fluorescence microscope behave in a similar fashion as hESCs. In these cells, we detect the expression of multiple pluripotency genes and surface markers.

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

A method to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via retrovirus-mediated ectopic expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC is described. A practical way to identify human iPSC colonies based on GFP expression is also discussed.

Reprogrammation des cellules somatiques humaines dans cellules souches pluripotentes induites (CISP) Utilisation vecteur rétroviral avec la GFP

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has ...