L&#39;élaboration de ce protocole a été financé par le California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM, TR1-01246) et de Parkinson Alliance.

La peau biopsie obtenue en utilisant la procédure standard 3 (par exemple obtenu avec 4mm instrument de Visipunch tour) doit être conservé dans du DMEM complet 20% FBS sur la glace. Une fois que l&#39;échantillon est arrivé dans le laboratoire, traiter la biopsie dès que possible. 1. Préparation de la peau biopsie ÉTAPES 1.1 à 1.3 doivent être effectués DANS UN enceinte de sécurité biologique <ol><li> Préparez à l&#39;avance: Ajouter 1 ml de gélatine à 0,1% dans chaque puits d&#39;une plaque à 6 puits. Placer la plaque de côté pendant 30-60 min. Aspirer la solution de gélatine et ajouter 800 ul de complet DMEM/20% FBS à chaque puits. S&#39;assurer que toute la surface du puits est recouverte de médias. </li><li> Retourner le couvercle d&#39;une boîte de culture cm stérile 10 de tissu et ajouter 1,5 ml de DMEM / 20% FBS médias au milieu du couvercle et étaler la goutte support avec la pointe de la pipette sérologique. </li><li> En utilisant une pince stérile, endroit til biopsie cutanée pièce dans les médias sur le plat. </li></ol> 2. Dissection de la peau biopsie ÉTAPES 9 2.1-2.2 doivent être effectués DANS UN HORIZONTAL hotte à flux laminaire <ol><li> Placer la partie inférieure de boîte de 10 cm sur le couvercle inversé, et le transfert de la biopsie cutanée au microscope à dissection dans la hotte à flux laminaire. </li><li> Disséquer une ronde de 4 mm biopsie de la peau en 12-15 morceaux de taille égale avec des arêtes vives par la découpe de pièces en deux moitiés égales en utilisant un scalpel pour maintenir la biopsie en place et la deuxième scalpel pour couper avec un mouvement de roulement dans une direction. Pièces avec des bords irréguliers contribuent à une mauvaise fixation / cellule excroissance. </li></ol> 3. Transfert de la peau disséquée biopsie pièces dans les tissus des plaques de culture Des mesures sont 3,1-3,6 SE FAIRE DANS UN enceinte de sécurité biologique <ol><li> Placer la partie inférieure de la boîte de culture cm 10 tissulairesur le dessus du couvercle inversé, et le plat de transfert de retour dans le poste de sécurité microbiologique. </li><li> En utilisant une pince pointue, place 2-3 biopsie morceaux dans chaque puits de la plaque de 6 puits préparée contenant 800 ul et non sur des puits secs. Utilisez tapotant ou en glissant le mouvement pour obtenir les pièces à joindre au fond du puits. Un scalpel est utile pour enlever les morceaux de biopsie de la pince. </li><li> Placer la plaque de 6 puits dans les 37 ° C incubateur. Surveiller tous les jours pour s&#39;assurer qu&#39;il s&#39;agit d&#39;un film de revêtement médias le fond du puits pendant la première semaine; ajouter ~ 200 pl tous les 2 jours à remplacer le support évaporé. </li><li> Après une semaine, augmenter quantité de support à 2 ml de complet DMEM/20% de FBS et le changement des médias tous les 2-3 jours. </li><li> Une fois que les fibroblastes sont confluentes dans chaque puits au point où les fibroblastes atteignent les bords de la plaque de 6 puits bien, Trypsiniser et passage en 2X T75 flacons (passage 1). Les pièces de tissu peuvent être transférées ainsi. Ils ne vont pas attacher et être lavé out pendant le changement de support suivante. </li><li> Une fois que les fibroblastes sont confluents, les transférer à 3X flacons T175 (passage 2), le gel en toute milieu DMEM plus 10% de DMSO à 1x10 6 cellules / ml par flacon. </li></ol> 4. Caractérisation des fibroblastes par Immunocoloration <ol><li> fibroblastes de la culture dans 8 lame de chambre bien enduits avec de la gélatine. </li><li> Lorsque les cellules sont à 80% de confluence, aspirer le milieu de chaque puits. </li><li> Fixer les cellules dans du paraformaldéhyde 4% pendant dix minutes à la température ambiante. </li><li> Laver les puits 3 fois avec du PBS 1X. </li><li> Perméabiliser les cellules avec 150 pi de 0,3% de Triton X-100 (dans PBS) pendant 5 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Laver les puits 3 fois avec du PBS 1X. </li><li> Ajouter 200 ul de solution de blocage (PBS + 5% sérum de chèvre normal (Vector, S-1000)) pendant 1 heure à température ambiante. </li><li> Préparer une dilution 1:250 d&#39;Anti-SERPHIN-1 (anti-lapin, MAB, Sigma, S5950-200 pi) dans une solution de blocage. </li><li> ASpirate la solution de blocage et ajouter 150 ul de la dilution 1:250 de AntiSERPINH-1. Incuber à 1-2 heures à la température ambiante ou à 4 ° C pendant la nuit. </li><li> Laver les puits 3 fois avec du PBS 1X. </li><li> Préparer un anticorps monoclonal de chèvre anti-lapin 1:200 (Alexa Fluor chèvre anti-IgG (H + L), Invitrogen, A11008) dans une solution de blocage. </li><li> Ajouter 150 pi de 1:200 anticorps monoclonal de chèvre anti-lapin dans chaque puits. Incuber pendant 1 heure, dans l&#39;obscurité, à température ambiante. </li><li> Laver les puits une fois avec 1xPBS. </li><li> Aspirer le PBS, et soulevez délicatement les chambres pour révéler tout le diaporama. </li><li> Monter la lame avec un 2-3 gouttes de milieu de montage contenant DAPI (Vector, H-1200). </li><li> Analyser la lame sous un microscope à fluorescence. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Nguyen, H. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LRRK2+mutant+iPSC-derived+DA+neurons+demonstrate+increased+susceptibility+to+oxidative+stress.">LRRK2 mutant iPSC-derived DA neurons demonstrate increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 8, 267-280 (2011).</li><li>Mak, S. K., Tewari, D., Tetrud, J. W., Langston, J. W., Schule, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+dysfunction+in+skin+fibroblasts+from+a+Parkinson's+disease+patient+with+an+alpha-synuclein+triplication.">Mitochondrial dysfunction in skin fibroblasts from a Parkinson's disease patient with an alpha-synuclein triplication.</a> Journal of Parkinson's Disease. 1, 175-183 (2011).</li><li>Punch Zuber, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=biopsy+of+the+skin.">biopsy of the skin.</a> Am. Fam. Physician. 65, 1155-1164 (2002).</li><li>Takashima, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+fibroblast+cultures.">Establishment of fibroblast cultures.</a> Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. Chapter 2, Unit 2, 1 (2001).</li><li>Kuroda, K., Tajima, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HSP47+is+a+useful+marker+for+skin+fibroblasts+in+formalin-fixed,+paraffin+embedded+tissue+specimens.">HSP47 is a useful marker for skin fibroblasts in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue specimens.</a> J. Cutan. Pathol. , 241-246 (2004).</li></ol>

Les auteurs n&#39;ont rien à révéler.

Avec ce protocole, les cultures relativement pures de fibroblastes de la peau peuvent être obtenues. Les fibroblastes ont des caractéristiques morphologiques caractéristiques des corps cellulaires, broche en forme allongées, rondes à noyaux des cellules ovales, et les fibroblastes se développent alignés et en paquets lorsque confluent. Les médias favorise la croissance des fibroblastes alors que d&#39;autres populations de cellules kératinocytes par exemple besoin de suppléments additionnels et les fa...

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of Equipment</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue Number</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dissecting microscope</td>
 <td>Leica</td>
 <td>S6E</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10 cm Tissue Culture Petri dish</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>25382-166</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>6-well Tissue Culture plate </td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>73520-906</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Stainless steel disposable sterile scalpels (2), blade No#15, Miltex</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>21909-660</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sterile pointed-tip forceps</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>50 mL Conical tubes</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>21008-940</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>89130-894</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>5 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>89130-896</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>89130-898</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Pasteur Pipettes</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>14672-380</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
Table A. Table of specific reagents and equipments.
 <table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of Reagent</td>
 <td>Company </td>
 <td>Catalogue Number</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1X DMEM: High Glucose</td>
 <td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
 <td>11960-069</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>20% Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
 <td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
 <td>26140-079</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1X L-Glutamine</td>
 <td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
 <td>25030-164</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1X MEM Non-essential Amino Acids </td>
 <td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
 <td>11140-076</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1X Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
 <td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
 <td>15140-163</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
Table B. Reagents.

skin punch biopsy explant culture for derivation of primary human fibroblasts

Les tissus et des lignées cellulaires dérivées d&#39;un individu avec la maladie sont des sources idéales pour étudier les phénotypes cellulaires liés à la maladie. Fibroblastes provenant de patients dans ce protocole ont été utilisées avec succès dans l&#39;obtention de cellules souches pluripotentes induites à la maladie de modèle 1. Les premiers passages de ces fibroblastes peuvent également être utilisés pour des tests fonctionnels à base de cellules pour étudier les voies spécifiques de la maladie, les mécanismes et les approches 2 ultérieures de dépistage de drogues. L&#39;avantage du protocole présenté sur les procédures enzymatiques sont 1) la reproductibilité de la technique à partir de petites quantités de tissu provenant de patients âgés, par exemple des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson, 2) L&#39;approche techniquement simple sur des méthodologies plus complexes en utilisant des traitements enzymatiques, et 3 ) la prise en compte du temps: ce protocole prend 15-20 minutes et peut être effectuée immédiatement après la biopsie arrivée. Traitements enzymatiques peuvent prendre jusqu&#39;à 4 heures et ont des problèmes dedigestion excessive, la réduction de la viabilité cellulaire et la fixation ultérieure de cellules non traitées correctement. Ce protocole décrit la dissection et la préparation d&#39;une peau humaine 4 mm biopsie pour la dérivation d&#39;une culture de fibroblastes et a un taux de réussite très élevé qui est important dans le cas des échantillons de tissus provenant de patients. Dans cette culture, les kératinocytes migrent hors de la biopsie dans la première semaine après sa préparation. Fibroblastes apparaissent 7-10 jours après la première excroissance des kératinocytes. Médias élevés de glucose DMEM supplémenté avec 20% de FBS favorise la croissance des fibroblastes sur kératinocytes et fibroblastes va envahir les kératinocytes. Après 2 passages kératinocytes ont été dilués en résultant dans des cultures de fibroblastes relativement homogènes qui expriment le marqueur SERPINH1 de fibroblastes (HSP-47). En utilisant cette approche, 15-20 millions fibroblastes peuvent être obtenues dans 4-8 semaines pour les banques de cellules. La dissection de la peau prend environ 15-20 min, les cellules sont ensuite contrôlés une fois par joursous le microscope, et les médias est changée tous les 2-3 jours après la fixation et excroissance de cellules.

Kératinocytes croissante sur les pièces de biopsie dès 48 h après dissection. Première fibroblastes excroissance peut être observé environ une semaine après le traitement. Une fois que les puits ont atteint la confluence, les fibroblastes sont repiquées pour deux passages pour atteindre trois flacons de 150 cm (T150) et les cellules sont cryoconservés. Nous générons avec cette méthode 15-20 millions cellules. Les fibroblastes sont positifs en anticorps anti-SERPINH1 (également connu sous le HSP-47) <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Skin Punch Biopsy Explant Culture for Derivation of Primary Human Fibroblasts at JoVE.com

Skin Punch Biopsy Explant Culture for Derivation of Primary Human Fibroblasts

Le protocole de culture d&#39;explants de fibroblastes humains à partir de biopsies de perforation de la peau est une façon techniquement robuste et simple à dériver des cellules de la peau dans les 4-8 semaines pour la banque d&#39;environ 15-20 millions de cellules dans un certain nombre de passage faible.

Peau biopsie explantation Culture pour la dérivation de fibroblastes humains primaires

Tissues and cell lines derived from an individual with disease are ideal sources to study disease-related cellular phenotypes. Patient-derived fibroblasts ...

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Medicine

40.8K vues.  The Parkinson's Institute. Le protocole de culture d'explants de fibroblastes humains à partir de biopsies de perforation de la peau est une façon techniquement robuste et simple à dériver des cellules de la peau dans les 4-8 semaines pour la banque d'environ 15-20 millions de cellules dans un certain nombre de passage faible.

Vidéo: Skin Punch Biopsy Explant Culture for Derivation of Primary Human Fibroblasts

Experimental Generation of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) from Human Mammary Fibroblasts

Carcinomas are complex tissues comprised of neoplastic cells and a non-cancerous compartment referred to as the 'stroma'. The stroma consists of extracellular matrix (ECM) and a variety of mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and leukocytes 1-3.
The tumour-associated stroma is responsive to substantial paracrine signals released by neighbouring carcinoma cells. During the disease process, the stroma often becomes populated by carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) including large numbers of myofibroblasts. These cells have previously been extracted from many different types of human carcinomas for their in vitro culture. A subpopulation of CAFs is distinguishable through their up-regulation of &alpha;-smooth muscle actin (&alpha;-SMA) expression4,5. These cells are a hallmark of 'activated fibroblasts' that share similar properties with myofibroblasts commonly observed in injured and fibrotic tissues 6. The presence of this myofibroblastic CAF subset is highly related to high-grade malignancies and associated with poor prognoses in patients.
Many laboratories, including our own, have shown that CAFs, when injected with carcinoma cells into immunodeficient mice, are capable of substantially promoting tumourigenesis 7-10. CAFs prepared from carcinoma patients, however, frequently undergo senescence during propagation in culture limiting the extensiveness of their use throughout ongoing experimentation. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a novel technique to experimentally generate immortalised human mammary CAF cell lines (exp-CAFs) from human mammary fibroblasts, using a coimplantation breast tumour xenograft model.
In order to generate exp-CAFs, parental human mammary fibroblasts, obtained from the reduction mammoplasty tissue, were first immortalised with hTERT, the catalytic subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme, and engineered to express GFP and a puromycin resistance gene. These cells were coimplanted with MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells expressing an activated ras oncogene (MCF-7-ras cells) into a mouse xenograft. After a period of incubation in vivo, the initially injected human mammary fibroblasts were extracted from the tumour xenografts on the basis of their puromycin resistance 11.
We observed that the resident human mammary fibroblasts have differentiated, adopting a myofibroblastic phenotype and acquired tumour-promoting properties during the course of tumour progression. Importantly, these cells, defined as exp-CAFs, closely mimic the tumour-promoting myofibroblastic phenotype of CAFs isolated from breast carcinomas dissected from patients. Our tumour xenograft-derived exp-CAFs therefore provide an effective model to study the biology of CAFs in human breast carcinomas. The described protocol may also be extended for generating and characterising various CAF populations derived from other types of human carcinomas.

Experimental Generation of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts CAFs from Human Mammary Fibroblasts

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) rich in myofibroblasts present within the tumour stroma, play a major role in driving tumour progression. We developed a coimplantation tumour xengraft model for experimentally generating CAFs from human mammary fibroblasts. The protocol describes how to establish CAF myofibroblasts that acquire an ability to promote tumourigenesis.

Génération expérimentale de carcinome Associated fibroblastes (CAF) à partir des fibroblastes mammaires

Carcinomas are complex tissues comprised of neoplastic cells and a non-cancerous compartment referred to as the 'stroma'. The stroma consists of ...

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Médecine

The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common movement disorder and affects 1% of people over the age of 60 1. Because ageing is the most important risk factor, cases of PD will increase during the next decades 2. Next to pathological protein folding and impaired protein degradation pathways, alterations of mitochondrial function and morphology were pointed out as further hallmark of neurodegeneration in PD 3-11.
After years of research in murine and human cancer cells as in vitro models to dissect molecular pathways of Parkinsonism, the use of human fibroblasts from patients and appropriate controls as ex vivo models has become a valuable research tool, if potential caveats are considered. Other than immortalized, rather artificial cell models, primary fibroblasts from patients carrying disease-associated mutations apparently reflect important pathological features of the human disease.
Here we delineate the procedure of taking skin biopsies, culturing human fibroblasts and using detailed protocols for essential microscopic techniques to define mitochondrial phenotypes. These were used to investigate different features associated with PD that are relevant to mitochondrial function and dynamics. Ex vivo, mitochondria can be analyzed in terms of their function, morphology, colocalization with lysosomes (the organelles degrading dysfunctional mitochondria) and degradation via the lysosomal pathway. These phenotypes are highly relevant for the identification of early signs of PD and may precede clinical motor symptoms in human disease-gene carriers. Hence, the assays presented here can be utilized as valuable tools to identify pathological features of neurodegeneration and help to define new therapeutic strategies in PD.

The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson&#039;s Disease

Fibroblasts from patients carrying mutations in Parkinson's disease-causing genes represent an easily accessible ex vivo model to study disease-associated phenotypes. Live cell imaging gives the opportunity to study morphological and functional parameters in living cells. Here we describe the preparation of human fibroblasts and subsequent monitoring of mitochondrial phenotypes.

L&#39;utilisation de fibroblastes humains primaires pour la surveillance des phénotypes mitochondriales dans le domaine de la maladie de Parkinson

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most  common movement disorder and affects 1% of people over the age of 60 1. Because ageing is  the most important ...

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

Several human and murine colon cancer cell lines have been established, physiologic integrity of colon tumors such as multiple cell layers, basal-apical polarity, ability to differentiate, and anoikis are not maintained in colon cancer derived cell lines. The present study demonstrates a method for culturing primary mouse colon tumor organoids adapted from Sato T et al. 1, which retains important physiologic features of colon tumors. This method consists of mouse colon tumor tissue collection, adjacent normal colon epithelium dissociation, colon tumor cells digestion into single cells, embedding colon tumor cells into matrigel, and selective culture based on the principle that tumor cells maintain growth on limiting nutrient conditions compared to normal epithelial cells.
The primary tumor organoids if isolated from genetically modified mice provide a very useful system to assess tumor autonomous function of specific genes. Moreover, the tumor organoids are amenable to genetic manipulation by virus meditated gene delivery; therefore signaling pathways involved in the colon tumorigenesis could also be extensively investigated by overexpression or knockdown. Primary tumor organoids culture provides a physiologic relevant and feasible means to study the mechanisms and therapeutic modalities for colon tumorigenesis.

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

A simple method to establish primary murine colon tumor organoid is described. This method utilizes the feature that colon tumor cells survive and grow into organoids in media containing limited growth factors, whereas normal colon epithelial do not.

In vitro Organoid Culture des primaires tumeurs du côlon de souris

Several  human and murine colon cancer cell lines have been established, physiologic  integrity of colon tumors such as multiple cell layers, basal-apical ...

A Three-dimensional Tissue Culture Model to Study Primary Human Bone Marrow and its Malignancies

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods rely on the ability of cells either to attach to a solid substratum of a tissue culture dish or to grow in suspension in liquid medium. Multiple immortal cell lines have been created and grown using such approaches, however, these methods frequently fail when primary cells need to be grown ex vivo. Such failure has been attributed to the absence of the appropriate extracellular matrix components of the tissue microenvironment from the standard systems where tissue culture plastic is used as a surface for cell growth. Extracellular matrix is an integral component of the tissue microenvironment and its presence is crucial for the maintenance of physiological functions such as cell polarization, survival, and proliferation. Here we present a 3-dimensional tissue culture method where primary bone marrow cells are grown in extracellular matrix formulated to recapitulate the microenvironment of the human bone (rBM system). Embedded in the extracellular matrix, cells are supplied with nutrients through the medium supplemented with human plasma, thus providing a comprehensive system where cell survival and proliferation can be sustained for up to 30 days while maintaining the cellular composition of the primary tissue. Using the rBM system we have successfully grown primary bone marrow cells from normal donors and patients with amyloidosis, and various hematological malignancies. The rBM system allows for direct, in-matrix real time visualization of the cell behavior and evaluation of preclinical efficacy of novel therapeutics. Moreover, cells can be isolated from the rBM and subsequently used for in vivo transplantation, cell sorting, flow cytometry, and nucleic acid and protein analysis. Taken together, the rBM method provides a reliable system for the growth of primary bone marrow cells under physiological conditions.

In standard culture methods cells are taken out of their physiological environment and grown on the plastic surface of a dish. To study the behavior of primary human bone marrow cells we created a 3-D culture system where cells are grown under conditions recapitulating the native microenvironment of the tissue.

A Tissue Culture Modèle tridimensionnel pour étudier primaire moelle osseuse humaine et de ses affections malignes

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods ...

Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent Schwann cell (SC) tumors of the vestibular nerve, compromising 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. VSs occur in either sporadic or familial (neurofibromatosis type 2, NF2) forms, both associated with inactivating defects in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. Treatment for VSs is generally surgical resection or radiosurgery, however the morbidity of such procedures has driven investigations into less invasive treatments. Historically, lack of access to fresh tissue specimens and the fact that schwannoma cells are not immortalized have significantly hampered the use of primary cultures for investigation of schwannoma tumorigenesis. To overcome the limited supply of primary cultures, the immortalized HEI193 VS cell line was generated by transduction with HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes. This oncogenic transduction introduced significant molecular and phenotypic alterations to the cells, which limit their use as a model for human schwannoma tumors. We therefore illustrate a simplified, reproducible protocol for culture of primary human VS cells. This easily mastered technique allows for molecular and cellular investigations that more accurately recapitulate the complexity of VS disease.

Vestibular Schwannomas (VSs) are non-malignant tumors of Schwann cell (SC) origin, associated with mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. We report a reproducible, efficient protocol for primary human VS cell culture that allows for molecular and cellular experimental manipulation and analysis and recapitulates the heterogeneous nature of human disease.

Culture primaire de l&#39;homme vestibulaire schwannomes

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent Schwann cell (SC) tumors of the vestibular nerve, compromising 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. VSs occur in ...

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergstr&#246;m Technique

The percutaneous biopsy technique enables researchers and clinicians to collect skeletal muscle tissue samples. The technique is safe and highly effective. This video describes the percutaneous biopsy technique using a modified Bergstr&#246;m needle to obtain skeletal muscle tissue samples from the vastus lateralis of human subjects. The Bergstr&#246;m needle consists of an outer cannula with a small opening (&#8216;window&#8217;) at the side of the tip and an inner trocar with a cutting blade at the distal end. Under local anesthesia and aseptic conditions, the needle is advanced into the skeletal muscle through an incision in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and fascia. Next, suction is applied to the inner trocar, the outer trocar is pulled back, skeletal muscle tissue is drawn into the window of the outer cannula by the suction, and the inner trocar is rapidly closed, thus cutting or clipping the skeletal muscle tissue sample. The needle is rotated 90&#176;&#160;and another cut is made. This process may be repeated three more times. This multiple cutting technique typically produces a sample of 100-200 mg or more in healthy subjects and can be done immediately before, during, and after a bout of exercise or other intervention. Following post-biopsy dressing of the incision site, subjects typically resume their activities of daily living right away and can fully participate in vigorous physical activity within 48-72 hr. Subjects should avoid heavy resistance exercise for 48 hr to reduce the risk of herniation of the muscle through the incision in the fascia.

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergstr&amp;#246;m Technique

The purpose of this video is to present the modified Bergstr&#246;m skeletal muscle biopsy technique on human subjects.

Procédures Muscle squelettique humain biopsie aide de la technique de modification Bergström

The percutaneous biopsy technique enables researchers and clinicians to collect skeletal muscle tissue samples. The technique is safe and highly ...

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is constantly renewed as it turns over. This process is triggered by the proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progeny that progressively migrate and differentiate toward the tip of the villi. These processes, essential for gastrointestinal homeostasis, have been extensively studied using multiple approaches. Ex vivo technologies, especially primary cell cultures have proven to be promising for understanding intestinal epithelial functions. A long-term primary culture system for mouse intestinal crypts has been established to generate 3-dimensional epithelial organoids. These epithelial structures contain crypt- and villus-like domains reminiscent of normal gut epithelium. Commonly, termed &#8220;enteroids&#8221; when derived from small intestine and &#8220;colonoids&#8221; when derived from colon, they are different from organoids that also contain mesenchyme tissue. Additionally, these enteroids/colonoids continuously produce all cell types found normally within the intestinal epithelium. This in vitro organ-like culture system is rapidly becoming the new gold standard for investigation of intestinal stem cell biology and epithelial cell physiology. This technology has been recently transferred to the study of human gut. The establishment of human derived epithelial enteroids and colonoids from small intestine and colon has been possible through the utilization of specific culture media that allow their growth and maintenance over time. Here, we describe a method to establish a small intestinal and colon crypt-derived system from human whole tissue or biopsies. We emphasize the culture modalities that are essential for the successful growth and maintenance of human enteroids and colonoids.

We describe a method to establish human enteroids from small intestinal crypts and colonoids from colon crypts collected from both surgical tissue and biopsies. In this methodological article, we present the culture modalities that are essential for the successful growth and maintenance of human enteroids and colonoids.

Mise en place d&#39;épithéliales humaines Enteroids et Colonoids de tout le tissu et la biopsie

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is constantly renewed as it turns over. This process is triggered by the proliferation of intestinal stem ...

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

Percutaneous muscle biopsy using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome is well established in both clinical and research practice. It is a safe, effective and well tolerated technique. The Weil-Blakesley conchotome has a sharp biting tip with a 4 - 6 mm wide hollow. It is inserted through a 5 - 10 mm skin incision and can be maneuvered for controlled tissue penetration. The tip is opened and closed within the tissue and then rotated through 90 -180&#176; to cut the muscle. The amount of muscle obtained following repeated sampling can vary from 20 mg to 290 mg which can be processed for both histology and molecular studies. The wound needs to be kept dry and vigorous physical activity kept to a minimum for approximately 72 hr although normal levels of activity can restart immediately following the procedure. This procedure is safe and effective when close attention is paid to the selection of subjects, full asepsis and post procedure care. &#160;Both right and left vastus lateralis are suitable for biopsy dependent on participant preference.

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

This video demonstrates the technique of percutaneous muscle biopsy of the human vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome.

Humain<em&gt; Vaste externe</em&gt; Biopsie de muscle squelettique Utilisation de la Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

Percutaneous muscle biopsy using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome is well established in both clinical and research practice. It is a safe, effective and ...

Tissue Characterization after a New Disaggregation Method for Skin Micro-Grafts Generation

Several new methods have been developed in the field of biotechnology to obtain autologous cellular suspensions during surgery, in order to provide one step treatments for acute and chronic skin lesions. Moreover, the management of chronic but also acute wounds resulting from trauma, diabetes, infections and other causes, remains challenging. In this study we describe a new method to create autologous micro-grafts from cutaneous tissue of a single patient and their clinical application. Moreover, in vitro biological characterization of cutaneous tissue derived from skin, de-epidermized dermis (Ded) and dermis of multi-organ and/or multi-tissue donors was also performed. All tissues were disaggregated by this new protocol, allowing us to obtain viable micro-grafts. In particular, we reported that this innovative protocol is able to create bio-complexes composed by autologous micro-grafts and collagen sponges ready to be applied on skin lesions. The clinical application of autologous bio-complexes on a leg lesion was also reported, showing an improvement of both re-epitalization process and softness of the lesion. Additionally, our in vitro model showed that cell viability after mechanical disaggregation with this system is maintained over time for up to seven (7) days of culture. We also observed, by flow cytometry analysis, that the pool of cells obtained from disaggregation is composed of several cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, that exert a key role in the processes of tissue regeneration and repair, for their high regenerative potential. Finally, we demonstrated in vitro that this procedure maintains the sterility of micro-grafts when cultured in Agar dishes. In summary, we conclude that this new regenerative approach can be a promising tool for clinicians to obtain in one step viable, sterile and ready to use micro-grafts that can be applied alone or in combination with most common biological scaffolds.

The protocol describes a new method to disaggregate human tissues and to create autologous micro-grafts that, combined with collagen sponges, give rise to human bio-complexes ready to use in the treatment of skin lesions. Further, this system preserves cell viability of micro-grafts at different times after mechanical disaggregation.

Caractérisation des tissus après une nouvelle méthode de désagrégation pour la peau Micro-Greffes Generation

Several new methods have been developed in the field of biotechnology to obtain autologous cellular suspensions during surgery, in order to provide one ...

Quantitative Visualization of Leukocyte Infiltrate in a Murine Model of Fulminant Myocarditis by Light Sheet Microscopy

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), in combination with chemical clearing protocols, has become the gold standard for analyzing fluorescently labelled structures in large biological specimens, and is down to cellular resolution. Meanwhile, the constant refinement of underlying protocols and the enhanced availability of specialized commercial systems enable us to investigate the microstructure of whole mouse organs and even allow for the characterization of cellular behavior in various live-cell imaging approaches. Here, we describe a protocol for the spatial whole-mount visualization and quantification of the CD45+ leukocyte population in inflamed mouse hearts. The method employs a transgenic mouse strain (CD11c.DTR)that has recently been shown to serve as a robust, inducible model for the study of the development of fulminant fatal myocarditis, characterized by lethal cardiac arrhythmias. This protocol includes myocarditis induction, intravital antibody-mediated cell staining, organ preparation, and LSFM with subsequent computer-assisted image post-processing. Although presented as a highly-adapted method for our particular scientific question, the protocol represents the blueprint of an easily adjustable system that can also target completely different fluorescent structures in other organs and even in other species.

Here, we describe a light-sheet microscopy approach to visualize the cardiac CD45+ leukocyte infiltrate in a murine model of aseptic fulminant myocarditis, which is induced by the intratracheal diphtheria toxin treatment of CD11c.DTR mice.

Visualisation quantitative de l&#39;infiltration de leucocytes dans un modèle murin de myocardite fulminante par microscopie à feuilles lumineuses

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), in combination with chemical clearing protocols, has become the gold standard for analyzing fluorescently ...