Ce travail a été soutenu par une Alliance nationale pour la recherche sur la schizophrénie et la dépression (NARSAD) Prix du jeune chercheur et les Instituts nationaux de la Santé accorder R01NS073635 AV.

Une. Préparation des réactifs et solutions <ol><li> Revêtement de 35 mm boîte de culture: Le collagène de type 1 est fournie comme solution une solution aqueuse à 20 mM d&#39;acide acétique (~ 100 mg de protéine / fiole). Diluer un volume approprié de solution de collagène à une concentration de travail de 0,01% en utilisant une culture tissulaire stérile eau de qualité. plats Manteau avec 1 ml de solution de collagène pour 3-4 heures à température ambiante (RT) ou 37 ° C, ou une nuit à 2-8 ° C. Enlever l&#39;excédent de la boîte enduit et laisser sécher pendant la nuit. Rincer le plat avec de l&#39;eau de qualité de culture de tissus ou de PBS avant d&#39;ajouter les médias. Boîtes revêtues peuvent être stockés à 4 ° C pendant un mois. </li><li> Préparer milieu Eagle modifié par Dulbecco complet (DMEM). Compléter le DMEM (500 ml) avec 10% de FBS et de solution antibiotique-antimycotique (concentration de 1x; une ml/100 ml). DMEM complet peut être stocké à 4 ° C pendant deux mois. </li><li> Préparer une partie aliquote (50 ml) de DMEM avec de la DNase I (0,001 mg / ml), (dénommé DMEM-DNase I). </li><li> Préparer une autre partie aliquote (10 ml) de DMEM avec de la collagénase et de la dispase (1 mg / ml) (dénommé DMEM-collagenase/dispase). </li><li> Préparer des cellules endothéliales milieu de culture (ECCM, 500 ml), supplémenté avec de l&#39;EGF (5 ng), ECGS (100 mg) et 5 ul de solution d&#39;antibiotique-antimycotique. ECCM peut être stocké à 4 ° C pendant deux mois. </li><li> Préchauffer tous les médias avant de l&#39;utiliser. </li><li> Préparer le tampon de purification: PBS, pH 7,2 avec 0,5% de BSA et 2 mM d&#39;EDTA. Gardez tampon froid (2-8 ° C). </li></ol> 2. Suppression des embryons et dissection de Télencéphale Toutes les expériences utilisant des animaux de laboratoire sont approuvés par les soins des animaux et de l&#39;utilisation des comités de l&#39;hôpital McLean et sont conformes aux directives du NIH pour le soin et l&#39;utilisation des animaux de laboratoire. <ol><li> Utilisez la souris CD1 enceintes chronométrés (jour embryonnaire 15). Le jour de la découverte du bouchon vaginal est considéré comme jour embryonnaire 0 (E0). CD1 barrages produisent généralement de grandes portées, de sorte 10-12 embryons sont attendus à partir d&#39;un barrage enceinte. </li><li> Pour hystérotomie, anesthésier les souris enceintes avec une injection intrapéritonéale de kétamine (100 mg / kg) / xylazine (5 mg / kg). Pour les souris d&#39;environ 20-30 g, livrer 0,3 ml d&#39;une solution anesthésique 10 ml / kg de kétamine / xylazine et veiller à ce que la douleur et la détresse est minime lors des injections intra-péritonéales de l&#39;anesthésie. Faire preuve de retenue à la main pour les injections. </li><li> Vérifiez anesthésie profonde par pincement de l&#39;orteil. Retirer des embryons de souris profondément anesthésiés. Décapiter chaque embryon immédiatement après son retrait de la mère. Placez les têtes embryonnaires dans des plats de Pétri dans glacée PBS. </li><li> Suivez l&#39;hystérectomie par euthanasie immédiate avec surdose d&#39;un anesthésique (130 mg / kg de pentobarbital, ip), une méthode d&#39;euthanasie, qui est conforme aux lignes directrices de l&#39;AVMA sur l&#39;euthanasie des animaux: 2013 Edition. </li><li> Sous un microscope stéréo, retirez le cerveau de la tête avec des ciseaux à micropointes fines et une pince fine. Remarque: Une dissection de haute qualitéion est indispensable pour réussir à éliminer la membrane pial du cerveau embryonnaire. Ceci est réalisé en pratique. Une pince fine et ciseaux à micropointes sont également des outils essentiels pour obtenir un bon dissection. </li><li> Utilisez la pince pour obtenir une prise ferme sur le cerveau et les ciseaux à micropointes à décoller la membrane pial. Retirez le mésencéphale et métencéphale et isoler le télencéphale. Transfert télencéphale pial-libre de tous les embryons à une boîte de culture de 35 mm avec 2 ml de PBS dans la glace. </li></ol> 3. Cellule d&#39;isolement <ol><li> Hacher le télencéphale en fragments de 1 à 2 mm avec une lame de scalpel et recueillir le tissu dans un tube Falcon de 15 ml contenant 2 ml de DMEM complet. </li><li> Dissocier le tissu doucement mais à fond avec une pipette de 1 ml jusqu&#39;à touffes disparaissent et une suspension laiteuse est atteint. </li><li> Centrifugeuse dissocié les cellules à 800-1000 g pendant 5 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Retirez délicatement le surnageant et remettre le culot dans du DMEM-DNase I. doucement dissocier la CElls nouveau en utilisant pipette de 1 ml et centrifuger à 800-1000 g pendant 5 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Reprendre le culot dans du DMEM chaud complet. cellules de filtrer à travers un maillage de 70 um Nylon stérile. Recueillir des cellules filtrées et garder dans la glace. </li><li> Recueillir les cellules-parties retenues sur le maillage et digérer plus loin avec DMEM-collagenase/dispase (2 ml) pendant 1-2 min à température ambiante. Laver les cellules 3 fois dans du milieu DMEM-DNase I par centrifugation à 800-1000 g pendant 5 min à température ambiante. Commun de ces cellules avec les cellules filtrées recueillies à l&#39;étape 3.5. Laver les cellules une fois avec le total DMEM complet. Passez à déterminer le nombre de cellules et des mesures d&#39;étiquetage magnétiques. Remarque: Il est important pour obtenir une suspension à cellule unique avant le marquage magnétique. </li></ol> 4. Étiquetage magnétique <ol><li> Ce protocole indique le marquage magnétique de 10 7 cellules. Pour le nombre de cellules inférieur à 10 7, utilisent le même volume de réactif et pour le nombre de cellules de plus de 10 7, à l&#39;échelle de tous les volumes de réactifs et le total des volumesen conséquence (par exemple pour 2 x 10 7 cellules totales, utiliser deux fois le volume de tous les réactifs indiqués). Conservez tous les réactifs et les cellules dans la glace. </li><li> Déterminer le nombre de cellules avec un hémocytomètre. </li><li> Centrifugeuse suspension de cellules à 300 g pendant 10 min à température ambiante. Aspirer le surnageant complètement. </li><li> Ajouter μl/10 90 7 cellules de tampon de purification pour le culot de cellules, suivie par 10 ul de microbilles CD31. Les microbilles fournies par le fabricant sont conjugués à l&#39;anticorps monoclonal anti-CD31 de souris. </li><li> Bien mélanger et incuber pendant 15 min au réfrigérateur. Remarque: Des températures plus élevées et / ou un plus long temps d&#39;incubation pendant marquage magnétique peut entraîner la liaison non spécifique. </li><li> Laver les cellules par addition de 2.1 ml/10 7 cellules de tampon de purification et centrifuger à 300 g pendant 10 min. Enlever les cellules du surnageant et remettre en suspension dans 500 ul de tampon de purification. Procéder à une séparation magnétique ou étape de purification. </li></ol> 5. Purification <ol><li> Placez MS colonne dans le champ magnétique de MACS Separator. </li><li> Rincer la colonne avec 500 ul de tampon de purification. </li><li> Appliquer une suspension de cellules dans la colonne. Chargez nombre approprié de cellules de MS colonne le nombre de cellules plus élevée peut obstruer la colonne. Attention: Chaque colonne MS peut accueillir un maximum de 2 x 10 7 cellules, pour un nombre de cellules plus élevée, utiliser plusieurs colonnes. </li><li> Recueillir et jetez accréditives contenant des cellules non marquées. </li><li> Laver la colonne avec 500 ul de tampon de purification trois fois. Au cours des étapes de lavage, assurez-vous que le réservoir de la colonne est vide avant addition de quantités de tampons de purification ultérieures. </li><li> Supprimer colonne du séparateur MACS et le placer sur un tube Falcon de 15 ml. </li><li> Un plongeur est fourni avec la colonne MS. Pipette 1 ml de tampon de purification sur la colonne MS et rincer immédiatement les cellules marquées magnétiquement en poussant fermement le piston dans la colonne. </li><li> Plaque cells sur une boîte de culture de 35 mm pré-revêtu avec du collagène de type 1 et cultiver des cellules dans CCME dans un incubateur réglé à 37 ° C avec 95% d&#39;O 2 et 5% de CO 2. </li><li> Changer le milieu tous les quatre jours. Utilisez PVECs pour des expériences ou sous-culture après 10-12 jours lorsque le plat est confluent. </li></ol> 6. Subculture de PV ECS <ol><li> Retirez le CCME et rincer la monocouche de PVECS avec 1-2 ml de PBS stérile. </li><li> Ajouter lentement 1,5 ml de solution à 0,25% de trypsine-EDTA pour couvrir la monocouche cellulaire. </li><li> Remettre le plat dans l&#39;incubateur. Dans 5-7 min, les cellules se détacher de la surface de la boîte. </li><li> Après que les cellules ont détaché, ajouter immédiatement un volume égal d&#39;inhibiteur de la trypsine et on triture plusieurs fois. </li><li> Transférer les cellules dans un tube de 15 ml de Falcon stérile. Centrifuger le tube à 500 g pendant 5 min. </li><li> Enlever le surnageant et remettre le culot dans 1 ml de préchauffé CCME. </li><li> Ensemencer les cellules d&#39;expansion de la culture, imvieillissement ou d&#39;autres dosages. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Shen, Q., S, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+cells+stimulate+self-renewal+and+expand+neurogenesis+of+neural+stem+cells.">Endothelial cells stimulate self-renewal and expand neurogenesis of neural stem cells.</a> Science. 304, 1338-1340 (2004).</li><li>Milner, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+three-dimensional+system+to+study+interactions+between+endothelial+cells+and+neural+cells+of+the+developing+central+nervous+system.">A novel three-dimensional system to study interactions between endothelial cells and neural cells of the developing central nervous system.</a> BMC Neurosci. 8, 3 (2007).</li><li>Rauch, M. F., Michaud, M., Xu, H., Madri, J. A., Lavik, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-culture+of+primary+neural+progenitor+and+endothelial+cells+in+a+macroporous+gel+promotes+stable+vascular+networks+in+vivo.">Co-culture of primary neural progenitor and endothelial cells in a macroporous gel promotes stable vascular networks in vivo.</a> 19, 1469-1485 (2008).</li><li>Vasudevan, A., Long, J. E., Crandall, J. E., Rubenstein, J. L., Bhide, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compartment-specific+transcription+factors+orchestrate+angiogenesis+gradients+in+the+embryonic+brain.">Compartment-specific transcription factors orchestrate angiogenesis gradients in the embryonic brain.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 11, 429-439 (2008).</li><li>Vasudevan, A., Bhide, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiogenesis+in+the+embryonic+CNS:+a+new+twist+on+an+old+tale.">Angiogenesis in the embryonic CNS: a new twist on an old tale.</a> Cell Adh. Migr. 2, 167-169 (2008).</li><li>Won, C. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomous+vascular+networks+synchronize+GABA+neuron+migration+in+the+embryonic+forebrain.">Autonomous vascular networks synchronize GABA neuron migration in the embryonic forebrain.</a> Nat. Commun. 4, 2149-2162 (2013).</li><li>Dong, Q. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+general+strategy+for+isolation+of+endothelial+cells+from+murine+tissues.+Characterization+of+two+endothelial+cell+lines+from+the+murine+lung+and+subcutaneous+sponge+implants.">A general strategy for isolation of endothelial cells from murine tissues. Characterization of two endothelial cell lines from the murine lung and subcutaneous sponge implants.</a> Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17, 1599-1604 (1997).</li><li>Erblich, B., Zhu, L., Etgen, A. M., Dobrenis, K., Pollard, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absence+of+colony+stimulation+factor-1+receptor+results+in+loss+of+microglia,+disrupted+brain+development+and+olfactory+deficits.">Absence of colony stimulation factor-1 receptor results in loss of microglia, disrupted brain development and olfactory deficits.</a> PLoS One. 6, (2011).</li><li>Wichterle, H., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M., Herrera, D. G., Alvarez-Buylla, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Young+neurons+from+medial+ganglionic+eminence+disperse+in+adult+and+embryonic+brain.">Young neurons from medial ganglionic eminence disperse in adult and embryonic brain.</a> 2, 461-466 (1999).</li><li>Snapyan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vasculature+guides+migrating+neuronal+precursors+in+the+adult+mammalian+forebrain+via+brain-derived+neurotrophic+factor+signaling.">Vasculature guides migrating neuronal precursors in the adult mammalian forebrain via brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling.</a> J. Neurosci. 29, 4172-4188 (2009).</li><li>Whitman, M. C., Fan, W., Rela, L., Rodriguez-Gil, D. J., Greer, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+vessels+form+a+migratory+scaffold+in+the+rostral+migratory+stream.">Blood vessels form a migratory scaffold in the rostral migratory stream.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 516, 94-104 (2009).</li></ol>

Aucun conflit d&#39;intérêt déclaré.

Pvec de sont physiologiquement plus pertinent que les cellules endothéliales cérébrales adultes et EC provenant d&#39;autres sources de tissus pour des études portant sur les interactions neurovasculaires et avoir un potentiel thérapeutique aussi. Pour la préparation PVEC, il est essentiel début à la dissection de travailler rapidement pour obtenir une bonne viabilité puisque les cellules mortes peuvent se lier de manière non spécifique à microbilles CD31. En outre, si la suspension à cellule unique n&#39;e...

L&#39;angiogenèse, la neurogenèse et la migration neuronale sont des événements critiques dans le système nerveux central (SNC) le développement, la réparation et la régénération. Plusieurs études ont montré que les élégantes cellules endothéliales stimulent la prolifération neuronale et vice-versa grâce à la libération de facteurs solubles et par contact direct. Nous avons trouvé curieux que dans la majorité de ces études 1-3, tandis que progéniteurs neuronaux / cellules souches neurales sont isolées du cerveau embryonnaire, ils sont co-cultivées avec des cellules endothéliales de cerveau de l&#39;adulte, d&#39;autres sources de tissu adulte, ou avec des lignées de cellules endothéliales. Cela peut être dû à des difficultés techniques associées à l&#39;isolement et la mise en culture des populations pures de cellules endothéliales de cerveau embryonnaire en partie. Cependant, l&#39;angiogenèse, la neurogenèse, la migration neuronale et sont des événements simultanés qui se produisent dans des ordres de grandeur plus robuste dans le cerveau embryonnaire que dans le cerveau d&#39;un adulte normal. Le réseau vasculaire périventriculaire du embryonic cerveau antérieur (télencéphale) provient d&#39;un navire situé dans le ganglion basal ébauche et se développe sous la forme d&#39;un gradient ordonnée de ventral à dorsal télencéphale par jour embryonnaire 11 (E11) 4,5. Ce plexus de vaisseaux du réseau vasculaire périventriculaire se distinguent des vaisseaux pie-mère basée sur les origines, la localisation anatomique, les modèles de croissance, et la régulation du développement 4,5. La direction de propagation du gradient de l&#39;angiogenèse périventriculaire correspond à la pente transversale neurogenetic télencéphalique. Au sein du télencéphale, le gradient de l&#39;angiogenèse périventriculaire et le gradient de migration des neurones GABA chevauchent tangentiellement dans l&#39;espace ainsi 6. En ce qui concerne la synchronisation, le gradient de l&#39;angiogenèse est l&#39;avance de la pente et de GABA neurone neurogenetic gradient d&#39;environ un jour. Ainsi, les cellules endothéliales périventriculaires sont spatialement et temporellement bien placés pour fournir des indices essentiels pour soutenir la neurogenèse et télencéphaliqueneuronale 4,6 de migration. Par conséquent, l&#39;utilisation des cellules endothéliales périventriculaires embryonnaires dans des expériences de co-culture avec des progéniteurs et / ou des neurones neurones fournirait un modèle plus favorable pour l&#39;étude des interactions neurovasculaires et le développement de nouvelles voies pour le traitement de maladies neurodégénératives ou une lésion cérébrale ischémique / traumatique. Nous insistons sur l&#39;importance d&#39;éliminer la membrane pial, non seulement pour limiter la contamination des cellules épithéliales, mais aussi pour séparer les cellules endothéliales pie-mère qui sont moléculairement et fonctionnellement distincte de cellules endothéliales du réseau vasculaire périventriculaire 4,6 (de PVECs appelés à distinguer de la pie-mère EC) . Ici, nous décrivons la méthode que nous utilisons régulièrement dans notre laboratoire pour obtenir un rendement riche et pur de PVECs. Ces cellules endothéliales sont préparés à partir forebrains embryonnaires isolées à partir d&#39;un simple clic de souris chronométrée enceinte. Ils peuvent être complétés, en sous-culture, et on les congèle avec succès vers le bas pour une utilisation future.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="768">
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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">DNase I</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">D-4527</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagen, Type 1 solution from rat tail </td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C3867</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DPBS</td>
			<td>Quality Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">114057-131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EDTA</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>M4055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>A2058</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MS column</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-042-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CD31 microbeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-097-418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MACS separator</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-042-102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MACS multi stand</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-042-303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cell strainer 70 &#181;m</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Antibiotic and antimycotic solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A5955</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FBS</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F4135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagenase/Dispase</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10269638001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">DMEM </td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Lonza</td>
			<td>12-604F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">35 mm culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>353001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 ml falcon tube </td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 ml falcon tube</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">ECCM kit</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">355054</td>
			<td>Kit Includes Endothelial cell growth supplement, EGF and Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement (ECGS)</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">354006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RBECGM</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Cell applications </td>
			<td style="width:147px;">R819-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM F12 </td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">10565-018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">glutamax</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">305050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">tissue culture grade water</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">15230162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">0.25% Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">15050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Soyabean trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">5425</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">354234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Qtracker 655 Cell Labeling Kit</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Q25021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:271px;">CellLight Plasma Membrane-RFP, BacMam 2.0</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">C10608</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Biotinylated Isolectin B4 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">L2140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Anti-Von Willebrand factor</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">F3520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Anti-CD31/PECAM-1</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">550274</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:271px;">Vectashield Hardset Mounting media with DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">H-1500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:271px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Butler Schein Animal Health Supply</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">44028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Xylazine</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Lloyd Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">1009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Motic</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">SMZ-168</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">267110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Olympus CK-40</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">CK-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Flouroscent microscope</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Olympus FSX-100</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">FSX-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Fine forceps</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Roboz surgical instrument</td>
			<td>7 inox</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">Fine microtip scissors</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Roboz surgical instrument</td>
			<td>RS5611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and culture of endothelial cells from the embryonic forebrain

Cellules endothéliales du cerveau embryonnaires peuvent servir comme un outil important dans l&#39;étude de l&#39;angiogenèse et le développement neuro-vasculaire et les interactions. Les deux réseaux vasculaires du cerveau antérieur embryonnaire, la pie-mère et périventriculaire, sont distinctes dans l&#39;espace et avoir des origines différentes et des modèles de croissance. Les cellules endotheliales à partir des réseaux vasculaires et la pie-mère périventriculaires ont des profils uniques d&#39;expression génique et les fonctions. Nous présentons ici un protocole étape par étape pour l&#39;isolement, la culture, et la vérification des populations pures de cellules endothéliales à partir du réseau vasculaire périventriculaire (PVECs) du cerveau antérieur embryonnaire (télencéphale). Dans cette approche, le télencéphale dépourvue de membrane pial obtenu à partir de 15 jours embryonnaires de souris est hachée, une digestion avec de la collagénase / dispase, et on disperse mécaniquement dans une suspension cellulaire unique. PVECs sont purifiés à partir de la suspension cellulaire en utilisant une sélection positive avec l&#39;anticorps conjugué à anti-CD-31/PECAM-1 microbilles en utilisant une forte magnétiqueProcédé de séparation. Des cellules purifiées sont cultivées sur collagène 1 boîtes de culture revêtues dans endothéliale milieu de culture de cellules jusqu&#39;à confluence, et en outre en subculture. PVECs obtenu avec ce protocole exposition pavé et en forme de fuseau phénotypes, comme visualisé par microscopie optique à contraste de phase et microscopie de fluorescence. Pureté des cultures Pvec a été créée avec des marqueurs de cellules endothéliales. Dans nos mains, cette méthode fiable et cohérente donne des populations pures de PVECs. Ce protocole bénéficiera des études visant à obtenir un aperçu mécanistes dans le cerveau antérieur angiogenèse, la compréhension des interactions de Pvec et croisées des entretiens avec les types de cellules neuronales et détient un énorme potentiel pour l&#39;angiogenèse thérapeutique.

La caractérisation phénotypique des PVECs du jour 1-12 est représenté par microscopie optique à contraste de phase (Figure 2). Les cellules fixées à l&#39;antenne le jour 1 montrent une morphologie caractéristique de la division cellulaire (figure 2A). Entre 5-8 jours, PVECs transition de galets de pierre à la broche en forme de morphologie typique des cellules endothéliales et plus proche de son état ​​in vivo (figures 2B et 2C).</strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain at JoVE.com

Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain

Cette vidéo montre une stratégie simple et fiable pour la préparation de cultures pures de cellules endothéliales de cerveau antérieur embryonnaire dans les 10-12 jours et sera utile pour la recherche axée sur de nombreux aspects de l&#39;angiogenèse cérébrale.

Isolement et culture de cellules endothéliales de la embryonnaire du cerveau antérieur

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two ...

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Neuroscience

15.3K vues.  Harvard Medical School.  Cette vidéo montre une stratégie simple et fiable pour la préparation de cultures pures de cellules endothéliales de cerveau antérieur embryonnaire dans les 10-12 jours et sera utile pour la recherche axée sur de nombreux aspects de l'angiogenèse cérébrale. 

Vidéo: Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the dorsal spinal cord and their axons follow stereotyped trajectories during embryonic development. Commissural axons initially project ventrally towards the floorplate. After crossing the midline, these axons turn anteriorly and project towards the brain. Each of these steps is regulated by the action of several guidance cues. Cultures highly enriched in commissural neurons are ideally suited for many experiments addressing the mechanisms of axon pathfinding, including turning assays, immunochemistry and biochemistry. Here, we describe a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. First, the spinal cord is isolated and dorsal strips are dissected out. The dorsal tissue is then dissociated into a cell suspension by trypsinization and mechanical disruption. Neurons are plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips or tissue-culture dishes. After 30 hours in vitro, most neurons have extended an axon. The purity of the culture (Yam et al. 2009), typically over 90%, can be assessed by immunolabeling with the commissural neuron markers DCC, LH2 and TAG1 (Helms and Johnson, 1998). This neuronal preparation is a useful tool for in vitro studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of commissural axon growth and guidance during spinal cord development.

This video demonstrates a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. Dissociated commissural neurons are useful to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance.

Dissection et la culture de neurones de la moelle épinière commissurales embryonnaires

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

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Neurosciences

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Stem Cells from Human Hair Follicles

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a well-characterized niche for adult stem cells1. This segment of the outer root sheath contains a number of different types of stem cells, including epithelial stem cells2, melanocyte stem cells3 and neural crest like stem cells4-7. Hair follicles represent an accessible and rich source for different types of human stem cells. We and others have isolated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from human fetal and adult hair follicles4,5. These human stem cells are label-retaining cells and are capable of self-renewal through asymmetric cell division in vitro. They express immature neural crest cell markers but not differentiation markers. Our expression profiling study showed that they share a similar gene expression pattern with murine skin immature neural crest cells. They exhibit clonal multipotency that can give rise to myogenic, melanocytic, and neuronal cell lineages after in vitro clonal single cell culture. Differentiated cells not only acquire lineage-specific markers but also demonstrate appropriate functions in ex vivo conditions. In addition, these NCSCs show differentiation potential toward mesenchymal lineages. Differentiated neuronal cells can persist in mouse brain and retain neuronal differentiation markers. It has been shown that hair follicle derived NCSCs can help nerve regrowth, and they improve motor function in mice transplanted with these stem cells following transecting spinal cord injury8. Furthermore, peripheral nerves have been repaired with stem cell grafts9, and implantation of skin-derived precursor cells adjacent to crushed sciatic nerves has resulted in remyelination10. Therefore, the hair follicle/skin derived NCSCs have already shown promising results for regenerative therapy in preclinical models.
Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has shown enormous potential for regenerative medicine. However, there are still many issues with iPS cells, particularly the long term effect of oncogene/virus integration and potential tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells have not been adequately addressed. There are still many hurdles to be overcome before iPS cells can be used for regenerative medicine. Whereas the adult stem cells are known to be safe and they have been used clinically for many years, such as bone marrow transplant. Many patients have already benefited from the treatment. Autologous adult stem cells are still preferred cells for transplantation. Therefore, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin/hair follicles are a valuable source for regenerative medicine.

This article presents a robust protocol for isolation and culture of neural crest stem cells from human hair follicles.

Isolement et culture des cellules souches neurales Crête des follicules pileux humains

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a ...

Lectin-based Isolation and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Motoneurons

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. Neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube that express Nkx6.1 are the unique precursor cells for spinal motoneurons1. Though postmitotic motoneurons move towards their final position and organize themselves into columns along the spinal tract2,3. More than 90% of all these differentiated and positioned motoneurons express the transcription factors Islet 1/2. They innervate the muscles of the limbs as well as those of the body and the inner organs. Among others, motoneurons typically express the high affinity receptors for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), the tropomyosin-related kinase B and C (TrkB, TrkC). They do not express the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA)4. Beside the two high affinity receptors, motoneurons do express the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The p75NTR can bind all neurotrophins with similar but lower affinity to all neurotrophins than the high affinity receptors would bind the mature neurotrophins. Within the embryonic spinal cord, the p75NTR is exclusively expressed by the spinal motoneurons5. This has been used to develop motoneuron isolation techniques to purify the cells from the vast majority of surrounding cells6. Isolating motoneurons with the help of specific antibodies (panning) against the extracellular domains of p75NTR has turned out to be an expensive method as the amount of antibody used for a single experiment is high due to the size of the plate used for panning. A much more economical alternative is the use of lectin. Lectin has been shown to specifically bind to p75NTR as well7. The following method describes an alternative technique using wheat germ agglutinin for a preplating procedure instead of the p75NTR antibody. The lectin is an extremely inexpensive alternative to the p75NTR antibody and the purification grades using lectin are comparable to that of the p75NTR antibody. Motoneurons from the embryonic spinal cord can be isolated by this method, survive and grow out neurites.

An alternative way of isolating mouse embryonic motoneurons from the spinal cord is described. The method takes into account the fact that lectin can bind to the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR. This lectin-based preplating allows a purification similar to that with a specific antibody against the p75NTR.

Lectine à base d&#39;isolement et de la culture des motoneurones embryonnaires de la souris

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. ...

Isolation and Culture of Hippocampal Neurons from Prenatal Mice

Primary cultures of rat and murine hippocampal neurons are widely used to reveal cellular mechanisms in neurobiology. By isolating and growing individual neurons, researchers are able to analyze properties related to cellular trafficking, cellular structure and individual protein localization using a variety of biochemical techniques. Results from such experiments are critical for testing theories addressing the neural basis of memory and learning. However, unambiguous results from these forms of experiments are predicated on the ability to grow neuronal cultures with minimum contamination by other brain cell types. In this protocol, we use specific media designed for neuron growth and careful dissection of embryonic hippocampal tissue to optimize growth of healthy neurons while minimizing contaminating cell types (i.e. astrocytes). Embryonic mouse hippocampal tissue can be more difficult to isolate than similar rodent tissue due to the size of the sample for dissection. We show detailed dissection techniques of hippocampus from embryonic day 19 (E19) mouse pups. Once hippocampal tissue is isolated, gentle dissociation of neuronal cells is achieved with a dilute concentration of trypsin and mechanical disruption designed to separate cells from connective tissue while providing minimum damage to individual cells. A detailed description of how to prepare pipettes to be used in the disruption is included. Optimal plating densities are provided for immuno-fluorescence protocols to maximize successful cell culture. The protocol provides a fast (approximately 2 hr) and efficient technique for the culture of neuronal cells from mouse hippocampal tissue.

We provide a protocol for the culture of highly purified hippocampal neurons from prenatal mouse brains without the use of a feeder glial cell layer.

L&#39;isolement et la culture de neurones de l&#39;hippocampe de souris pendant la grossesse

Primary cultures of rat and murine hippocampal neurons are widely used to reveal cellular mechanisms in neurobiology. By isolating and growing individual ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied successfully to the isolation of mouse and human primary neurons and neural progenitors. Dissociated neurons are maintained in serum-free medium up to several weeks. These cultures can be used for nucleofection, immunocytochemistry, nucleic acids preparation, as well as electrophysiology. Older neuronal cultures can also be transfected with a good efficiency rate by lentiviral transduction and, less efficiently, with calcium phosphate or lipid-based methods such as lipofectamine.

We describe a rapid methodology to isolate and culture hippocampal and cortical neurons from rodent embryos. This protocol allows us to perform experiments in which nearly pure neuronal cultures are required.

Isolement et culture de cellules embryonnaires de rat neurones: un protocole rapide

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrates throughout the embryo, giving rise to diverse cell types 1-3. NC also has the unique ability to influence the differentiation and maturation of target organs4-6. When explanted in vitro, NC progenitors undergo self-renewal, migrate and differentiate into a variety of tissue types including neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells, cartilage and bone. 
NC multipotency was first described from explants of the avian neural tube7-9. In vitro isolation of NC cells facilitates the study of NC dynamics including proliferation, migration, and multipotency. Further work in the avian and rat systems demonstrated that explanted NC cells retain their NC potential when transplanted back into the embryo10-13. Because these inherent cellular properties are preserved in explanted NC progenitors, the neural tube explant assay provides an attractive option for studying the NC in vitro. 
To attain a better understanding of the mammalian NC, many methods have been employed to isolate NC populations. NC-derived progenitors can be cultured from post-migratory locations in both the embryo and adult to study the dynamics of post-migratory NC progenitors11,14-20, however isolation of NC progenitors as they emigrate from the neural tube provides optimal preservation of NC cell potential and migratory properties13,21,22. Some protocols employ fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate a NC population enriched for particular progenitors11,13,14,17. However, when starting with early stage embryos, cell numbers adequate for analyses are difficult to obtain with FACS, complicating the isolation of early NC populations from individual embryos. Here, we describe an approach that does not rely on FACS and results in an approximately 96% pure NC population based on a Wnt1-Cre activated lineage reporter23. 
The method presented here is adapted from protocols optimized for the culture of rat NC11,13. The advantages of this protocol compared to previous methods are that 1) the cells are not grown on a feeder layer, 2) FACS is not required to obtain a relatively pure NC population, 3) premigratory NC cells are isolated and 4) results are easily quantified. Furthermore, this protocol can be used for isolation of NC from any mutant mouse model, facilitating the study of NC characteristics with different genetic manipulations. The limitation of this approach is that the NC is removed from the context of the embryo, which is known to influence the survival, migration and differentiation of the NC2,24-28.

Isolation of embryonic neural crest from the neural tube facilitates the use of in vitro methods for studying migration, self-renewal, and multipotency of neural crest.

Isolement et culture de cellules de crêtes neurales de tube neural embryonnaire murin

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

Isolation of Primary Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

The blood-brain-barrier is ultrastructurally assembled by a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) interconnected by a junctional complex of tight and adherens junctions. Together with other cell-types such as astrocytes or pericytes, they form the neurovascular unit (NVU), which specifically regulates the interchange of fluids, molecules and cells between the peripheral blood and the CNS. Through this complex and dynamic system BMECs are involved in various processes maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. A dysfunction of the BBB is observed as an essential step in the pathogenesis of many severe CNS diseases. However, specific and targeted therapies are very limited, as the underlying mechanisms are still far from being understood. 
Animal and in vitro models have been extensively used to gain in-depth understanding of complex physiological and pathophysiological processes. By reduction and simplification it is possible to focus the investigation on the subject of interest and to exclude a variety of confounding factors. However, comparability and transferability are also reduced in model systems, which have to be taken into account for evaluation. The most common animal models are based on mice, among other reasons, mainly due to the constantly increasing possibilities of methodology. In vitro studies of isolated murine BMECs might enable an in-depth analysis of their properties and of the blood-brain-barrier under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Further insights into the complex mechanisms at the BBB potentially provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies.
This protocol describes a method to isolate primary murine microvascular endothelial cells by a sequence of physical and chemical purification steps. Special considerations for purity and cultivation of MBMECs as well as quality control, potential applications and limitations are discussed.

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) are interconnected by specific junctional proteins forming a highly regulated barrier separating blood and the central nervous system (CNS), the so-called blood-brain-barrier (BBB). The isolation of primary murine brain microvascular endothelial cells, as discussed in this protocol, enables detailed in vitro studies of the BBB.

Isolement de cellules primaires murins cerveau endothéliales microvasculaires

The blood-brain-barrier is ultrastructurally assembled by a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) interconnected by a junctional ...

Isolation, Culture and Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons From Embryonic Rodent Brains

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson&#8217;s diseae. Study of the biological processes involved in physiological functions and vulnerability and death of these neurons is imparative to understanding the underlying causes and unraveling the cure for this common neurodegenerative disorder. Primary cultures of mesDA neurons provide a tool for investigation of the molecular, biochemical and electrophysiological properties, in order to understand the development, long-term survival and degeneration of these neurons during the course of disease. Here we present a detailed method for the isolation, culturing and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from E12.5 mouse (or E14.5 rat) embryos. Optimized cell culture conditions in this protocol result in presence of axonal and dendritic projections, synaptic connections and other neuronal morphological properties, which make the cultures suitable for study of the physiological, cell biological and molecular characteristics of this neuronal population.

The causes of degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons during Parkinson&#8217;s disease are not fully understood. Cellular culture systems provide an essential tool for study of the neurophysiological properties of these neurons. Here we present an optimized protocol, which can be utilized for in vitro modeling of neurodegeneration.

Isolement, Culture et maintenance à long terme des mésencéphalique primaire dopaminergiques neurones à partir de cerveaux embryonnaires de rongeurs

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson&#8217;s diseae. Study of the biological processes ...

Isolation and Culture of Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Mouse Subcallosal Zone

Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) can be used for the regeneration of damaged brain tissue. NSCs have the potential for differentiation and proliferation into three types of cells: neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Identifying aNSC-derived regions and characterizing the aNSC properties are critical for the potential use of aNSCs and for the elucidation of their role in neural regeneration. The subcallosal zone (SCZ), located between white matter and the hippocampus, has recently been reported to contain aNSCs and continuously give rise to neuroblasts. A low percentage of aNSCs from the SCZ is differentiated into neurons; most cells are differentiated into glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. These cells are suggested to have a therapeutic potential for traumatic cortical injury. This protocol describes in detail the process to generate SCZ-aNSCs from an adult mouse brain. A brain matrix with intervals of 1 mm is used to obtain the SCZ-containing coronal slices and to precisely dissect the SCZ from the whole brain. The SCZ sections are initially subjected to a neurosphere culture. A well-developed culture system allows for the verification of their characteristics and can increase research on NSCs. A neurosphere culture system provides a useful tool for determining proliferation and collecting the genuine NSCs. A monolayer culture is also an in vitro system to assay proliferation and differentiation. Significantly, this culture system provides a more homogenous environment for NSCs than the neurosphere culture system. Thus, using a discrete brain region, these culture systems will be helpful for expanding our knowledge about aNSCs and their applications for therapeutic uses.

Establishing culture systems for the expansion of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) allows for the examination and application of aNSCs for therapy. The subcallosal zone (SCZ) has recently been recognized as a novel neuroblast-forming region in adult mice. Here, methods for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of SCZ-aNSCs are described.

Isolement et culture des adultes cellules souches neurales de la Subcallosal Zone Souris

Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) can be used for the regeneration of damaged brain tissue. NSCs have the potential for differentiation and proliferation ...

Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro culture and expansion of NSCs provide a suitable source of cells for neuroscientists to study the function of neurons and glial cells along with their interactions. There are several reported techniques for the isolation of neural stem cells from adult or embryo mammalian brains. During the microsurgical operation to isolate NSCs from different regions of the embryonic CNS, it is very important to reduce the damage to the brain cells to obtain the highest ratio of live and expandable stem cells. A possible technique for stress reduction during isolation of these cells from the mouse embryo brain is the reduction of surgical time. Here, we demonstrate a developed technique for rapid isolation of these cells from the E13 mouse embryo ganglionic eminence. Surgical procedures include harvesting E13 mouse embryos from the uterus, cutting the frontal fontanelle of the embryo with a bent needle tip, extracting the brain from the skull, microdissection of the isolated brain to harvest the ganglionic eminence, dissociation of the harvested tissue in NSC medium to gain a single cell suspension, and finally plating cells in suspension culture to generate neurospheres.

Here, we introduce a novel microsurgical technique for the isolation of neural stem cells from the E13 mouse embryo ganglionic eminence.