CDDE État de Pennsylvanie

Une. Construction de cours <ol><li> Installation d&#39;un plancher de cours. dimensions de cours sont de 40 pieds de long par 7 m de large, comprenant des 280 1 m 2 de carrelages portables (carreaux de sol en cas beige). Placez avec garniture noire autour du périmètre seulement (figure 1). </li><li> Peignez les murs adjacents pour faire correspondre les carreaux de sol en créant un environnement quelque peu monochrome. Couleurs, nous avons utilisé les valeurs en niveaux de gris sont fournis (tableau 5). Si les couleurs spécifiques ne sont pas disponibles, nous vous recommandons de prendre une tuile pour un magasin de matériel pour la correspondance des couleurs. </li><li> Installer l&#39;éclairage en fonction de la matrice d&#39;éclairage (figure 1). Connectez lumières gradateur. </li><li> Peinture obstacles selon les instructions de peinture (figure 2). </li></ol> 2. Préparer Zone de test <ol><li> Ajuster l&#39;éclairage à l&#39;état désiré et vérifier avec posemètre au début, au milieu et à la fin du couloir contenant le cours. </li&gt; <li> Assurez-vous que la caméra vidéo est réglé pour enregistrer et que le placement de la caméra est approprié pour capturer les sujets comme ils marchent dans le cours. Nous recommandons un montage au plafond ou encore l&#39;appareil photo peut être tenu à la main. </li></ol> 3. Fiche privilégiées vitesse de marche PWS <ol><li> Position sujet situé au centre de la passerelle (colonne de cours &quot;D&quot;). Remarque: les orteils doivent être derrière la frontière de la passerelle. Lire des instructions à l&#39;objet (Figure 3). </li><li> Commencez chronomètre une fois pied traverse la frontière noire et sur la voie. Arrêter le temps, une fois le pied traverse bordure noire à l&#39;autre extrémité de la passerelle. temps d&#39;enregistrement que PWS1. Tournez autour de l&#39;objet et répéter la procédure en sens inverse. temps d&#39;enregistrement que PWS2. PWS1 moyenne et PWS2 et enregistrer en tant que PWS finale. </li></ol> 4. Parcours d&#39;obstacles navigation <ol><li> Du schéma de randomisation, mis en place le premier cours (figure 4). Carrelage de sol devraient être utilisés comme la grille sur la WHIch les obstacles sont mappés. Reportez-vous au schéma prévu pour la cartographie correcte des obstacles. Il est utile de numéroter les carreaux le long de l&#39;axe vertical et horizontal avec un marqueur indélébile pour permettre un placement facile des obstacles. Il est également utile d&#39;étiqueter les obstacles selon les schémas fournis dans un endroit discret. </li><li> Guide soumis à commencer de 40 m passerelle. Lire des instructions à l&#39;objet (Figure 3). Sous réserve doit être placé dans le centre de la passerelle (colonne «D»), avec les doigts derrière la frontière. Commencez chronomètre une fois pied traverse la frontière noire et sur la voie. Arrêter le temps, une fois le pied traverse bordure noire à l&#39;autre extrémité de la passerelle. Notez ce moment que la vitesse de golf (CS). </li><li> Fiche lorsque les obstacles sont touchés, le classement de la gravité de la frappe sur une échelle de 3 points. La piste de cours devrait être filmé pour une confirmation ultérieure par un observateur indépendant. </li></ol> 5. Obstacle identification <ol><li> À la fin du coutâche de navigation rse, tourner sous réserve pour faire face à la situation et bien sûr au centre de cours (colonne D). Remarque: assurez-vous que tous les obstacles qui nécessitent un repositionnement afin de visualiser la couleur correcte de la fin du cours est mis en rotation. Lisez les instructions à l&#39;objet (figure 3). A ce moment, la première tâche d&#39;identification d&#39;objets est administrée. Demandez au sujet de tourner autour et dire l&#39;assistant de recherche le nombre total d&#39;objets qu&#39;ils peuvent discerner dans les 30 secondes. Ce numéro doit être enregistré. </li><li> Dire l&#39;objet de rentrer à pied à travers le parcours et le point à chaque obstacle qu&#39;ils peuvent voir. Ce n&#39;est pas grave si elles entrent en collision avec l&#39;obstacle. Le nombre d&#39;obstacles qu&#39;ils peuvent voir est enregistrée. Il est utile d&#39;enregistrer les obstacles qu&#39;ils sont capables de détecter. Ce n&#39;est pas chronométré. </li></ol> Articles 4 et 5 doivent être répétées pour chaque version du cours qui est exécuté.

<ol>
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Les auteurs n&#39;ont rien à révéler.

Nous décrivons un parcours intérieur, portable, facilement reproductible, et relativement peu coûteux qui peut être utilisé pour évaluer l&#39;évitement d&#39;obstacles dans les personnes aveugles ou ayant une basse vision. La plupart des conceptions et des tests (c.-à-remorqueurs) course d&#39;obstacles actuels sont difficiles à comparer entre les sites et les observateurs, ou sont instillations permanents qui ne peuvent pas facilement être effectuées à d&#39;autres emplacements 16,17,30.</sup...

Évaluations de réadaptation basse vision doivent déterminer si les résultats d&#39;intervention dans l&#39;amélioration de la fonction. Les mesures de performance impliquent généralement la lecture ou fonctionnels évaluations sur ordinateur 1-9 ainsi que la qualité de vie des questionnaires de 10-15. Être en mesure d&#39;évaluer également la capacité du patient à faible vision pour naviguer autour des obstacles pourrait aussi fournir des indices sur des améliorations fonctionnelles 18 en particulier dans le cas de dispositifs de vision artificielle. Geruschat et al. Publié récemment les résultats de navigation avec une puce implant rétinien, soulignant la nécessité d&#39;une mesure standard dans ce domaine 17. Actuellement il n&#39;ya pas largement acceptée, objectif, validé, et des normes globales pour déterminer la capacité de l&#39;évitement d&#39;obstacles. Développement d&#39;un test fonctionnel qui en corrélation avec la performance de la navigation pour les personnes ayant une basse vision ou «basse vision ultra&quot; comme produit par vision artificielle serait souhaitable, mais il est resté un objectif difficile à atteindre. Le domaine en plein essor des appareils de vision artificielle telles que les puces d&#39;implants rétiniens 18-24 ou des dispositifs de substitution sensorielle comme le BrainPort 25 et la voix 26, nécessite un test de l&#39;évitement d&#39;obstacles qui pourraient en corrélation avec l&#39;augmentation des capacités de navigation conférés par ces dispositifs. Une telle évaluation permettrait non seulement des sujets à comprendre leurs propres limites comme ils traversent leur environnement, mais pourrait fournir un moyen pour mesurer l&#39;amélioration de l&#39;orientation et de la formation de la mobilité ou entre les itérations de dispositifs prototypes d&#39;amélioration de la vision. Idéalement, il pourrait y avoir une certaine capacité d&#39;évaluer le risque d&#39;un individu en cas d&#39;accident de l&#39;automne 27. Notre objectif était de créer un parcours d&#39;obstacles qui pourraient être utiles pour l&#39;évaluation de la capacité de navigation chez les patients utilisant des dispositifs de vision artificielle et transférables dans le domaine de lvision ow en général. Une revue de la littérature publiée sur les courses d&#39;obstacles et de déficience visuelle a été réalisée en utilisant la base de données PubMed. Il ya eu de nombreuses tentatives pour créer des parcours d&#39;obstacles normalisés 16,17,28-31,34. La plupart d&#39;entre eux ne sont pas portatifs, dans la mesure où il serait difficile de reproduire exactement le réglage, en particulier pour les cours de plein air. Maguire et al. Décrire parcours du combattant qui est utilisé pour montrer la performance de la mobilité chez les patients avec l&#39;amaurose congénitale de Leber. Ce cours a l&#39;avantage d&#39;être portable et petit, mais il n&#39;est pas clair si les différentes itérations ont été mis à disposition pour éviter les effets de mémorisation, ni y at-il des dispositions pour les obstacles qui ne sont pas sur le sol, les changements de texture, ou passes latérales. Leat fournit une description incisive de pièges potentiels dans la conception d&#39;un cours et met en avant une description d&#39;un cours en plein air qui, malheureusement, ne pourra pas être reproduit exactement dans une alternAtive emplacement 30. Velikay-Parel et al. Décrit un test de mobilité pour une utilisation avec des puces implants rétiniens. Cette conception a l&#39;avantage d&#39;être portable et simple à exécuter. Bien que ce cours pourrait être reproduit sur un autre site, pas de détails précis sur la construction de cours sont fournis. En outre, et plus inquiétant, c&#39;est qu&#39;ils ont montré l&#39;effet d&#39;apprentissage a atteint un niveau asymptotique en raison de cours familiarité, donc être en mesure d&#39;empêcher la mémorisation sûr tout pourrait éliminer le problème de la perte de l&#39;effet d&#39;apprentissage au fil du temps 18. Aucun des cours décrites jusqu&#39;ici ont été largement adoptés par les communautés de basse vision ou de réadaptation. Les auteurs consultés ultérieurement avec une équipe de six bas vision ergothérapeutes et de l&#39;orientation et des spécialistes de la mobilité de l&#39;école de la Pennsylvanie occidentale pour les enfants aveugles (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvanie) et les aveugles et Vision des services de réadaptation de Pittsburgh (Homestead, PA) regArding proposé la conception des cours. Caractéristiques souhaitables d&#39;un parcours d&#39;obstacles fonctionnelle identifiée inclus: Portabilité pour faciliter le montage / démontage et le stockage, la flexibilité de tester dans les deux conditions de faible éclairage et lumineuses, et pour refléter des situations «réelles» en incluant les obstacles que représentent des objets dans l&#39;environnement de la maison d&#39;un patient qui sont suffisamment robustes pour résister à une collision répétée tout en étant ductile afin d&#39;éviter de blesser le patient. En outre, il a été jugé nécessaire d&#39;avoir plusieurs types d&#39;environnements conçus de telle façon à ce que que lorsqu&#39;ils sont administrés dans un ordre aléatoire empêche bien sûr de mémorisation. En outre, le cours doit démontrer des résultats reproductibles dans de multiples contextes, avoir une forte fiabilité inter et intra évaluateur et être une mesure objective de la conscience spatiale. Le point culminant de cet effort a été le développement d&#39;un parcours du combattant qui pourrait raisonnablement s&#39;attendre à être reproduite dans un cadre institutionnel normecouloir. Le cours est conçu pour tester différents ensembles de compétences, tous importants pour la navigation. Chaque niveau du cours tente de concentrer plusieurs types particuliers d&#39;obstacles rencontrés dans les activités de navigation de tous les jours. Le premier cours évalue la possibilité de naviguer à travers des objectifs relativement élevés de contraste qui sont tous placés sur le sol, mais nécessite un grand nombre de tours. Le deuxième cours évalue la possibilité de naviguer à travers les obstacles qui sont contraste à la fois haute et basse, les changements sol de texture, et les objets en suspension dans l&#39;air. Le dernier cours évalue la capacité de naviguer obstacles en mousse de polystyrène qui sont à faible contraste, surface éblouissement changements sur le sol, l&#39;ajout d&#39;obstacles nonStyrofoam (tissu), des changements de couleur du carrelage, des obstacles qui doivent être enjamba, et les obstacles qui ne sont pas sur le étage. Les cours sont étiquetés 1, 2, et 3 pour la facilité de l&#39;étiquetage, mais cette désignation ne doivent pas être interprétées comme l&#39;augmentation du niveau de difficulté. Dans chaque niveau, il existe thrversions ee du cours, qui peuvent être randomisés pour éviter sûr mémorisation.

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a standardized obstacle course for assessment of visual function in ultra low vision and artificial vision

Nous décrivons un portable, bien sûr intérieure standard qui peut être utilisé pour évaluer l&#39;évitement d&#39;obstacles des personnes qui ont une vision ultra. Six contrôles voyants et 36 complètement aveugle, mais autrement en bonne santé mâle adulte (n = 29) et (13 n =) des sujets féminins (la tranche d&#39;âge 19-85 ans), ont été inscrits dans l&#39;une des trois études comportant des essais du dispositif de substitution sensorielle BrainPort. On a demandé aux sujets de naviguer dans le cours avant et après, la formation BrainPort. Ils ont complété un total de 837 points en cours de deux endroits différents. Moyennes et écarts-types ont été calculées sur l&#39;ensemble des types de contrôle, des cours, des lumières et des visites. Nous avons utilisé un modèle linéaire à effets mixtes pour comparer différentes catégories dans les PPWS (pour cent de la vitesse de marche préféré) et les données d&#39;erreur pour cent de montrer que les itérations de cours ont été bien conçus. Le parcours est relativement peu coûteux, simple à administrer, et a été montré pour être un moyen possible de tester la fonction de mobilité. L&#39;analyse des données DÉMONSTRATIONes pour que le résultat de l&#39;erreur de pour cent, ainsi que pour le pourcentage préféré la vitesse de marche, que chacun des trois cours est différent, et que dans chaque niveau, chacune des trois itérations sont égaux. Cela permet pour la randomisation des cours lors de l&#39;administration. Abréviations: vitesse de marche préféré (PWS) vitesse de golf (CS) pourcentage vitesse de marche préféré (PPWS)

Sujets Six yeux bandés vue, aperçu, et 36 complètement aveugle, mais autrement en bonne santé des adultes (tranche d&#39;âge 19-85 ans), de sexe masculin (n = 29) et femelle (n = 13) des sujets ont été inscrits dans l&#39;une des trois études portant sur l&#39;essai de la BrainPort sensorielle dispositif de substitution (Wicab, Madison WI). Toutes les études ont été approuvés par l&#39;Université de Pittsburgh CISR et tous les sujets ont signé un document de consentement éclairé...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision at JoVE.com

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

Nous décrivons un portable, bien sûr intérieure standard qui peut être utilisé pour évaluer l&#39;évitement d&#39;obstacles des personnes qui ont une vision ultra. Le parcours est relativement peu coûteux, simple à administrer, et a été montré pour être fiable et reproductible.

Un parcours du combattant normalisée pour l&#39;évaluation de la fonction visuelle chez Ultra Low Vision et Vision artificielle

We describe an indoor, portable, standardized course that can be used to evaluate obstacle avoidance in persons who have ultralow vision. Six sighted ...

a-standardized-obstacle-course-for-assessment-visual-function-ultra

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.0K vues.  University of Pittsburgh.  Nous décrivons un portable, bien sûr intérieure standard qui peut être utilisé pour évaluer l'évitement d'obstacles des personnes qui ont une vision ultra. Le parcours est relativement peu coûteux, simple à administrer, et a été montré pour être fiable et reproductible. 

Vidéo: A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

La mesure et le traitement de répression dans l&#39;amblyopie

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

Recherche

Médecine

Detecting Abnormalities in Choroidal Vasculature in a Mouse Model of Age-related Macular Degeneration by Time-course Indocyanine Green Angiography

Indocyanine Green&#160;Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal vasculature of various eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ICGA is especially useful to image the posterior choroidal vasculature of the eye due to its capability of penetrating through the pigmented layer with its infrared spectrum. ICGA time course can be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The three phases provide valuable information on the pathology of eye problems. Although time-course ICGA by intravenous (IV) injection is widely used in the clinic for the diagnosis and management of choroid problems, ICGA by intraperitoneal injection (IP) is commonly used in animal research. Here we demonstrated the technique to obtain high-resolution ICGA time-course images in mice by tail-vein injection and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. We used this technique to image the choroidal lesions in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Although it is much easier to introduce ICG to the mouse vasculature by IP, our data indicate that it is difficult to obtain reproducible ICGA time course images by IP-ICGA. In contrast, ICGA via tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time-course images comparable to human studies. In addition, we showed that ICGA performed on albino mice gives clearer pictures of choroidal vessels than that performed on pigmented mice. We suggest that time-course IV-ICGA should become a standard practice in AMD research based on animal models.

Indocyanine Green Angiography (or ICGA) performed by tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time course images to characterize abnormalities in mouse choroid.

Détecter des anomalies dans les vaisseaux sanguins de la choroïde dans un modèle de souris de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l&#39;âge par Time-sûr indocyanine vert angiographie

Indocyanine Green&#160;Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal ...

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these diseases. Chronic retinal diseases such as retinal oedema or neovascularization usually require multiple intraocular injections to effectively treat the condition. However, the risks associated with these injections increase with repeated delivery of the drug. Therefore, alternative delivery methods need to be established in order to minimize the risks of reinjection. Several other investigations have developed methods to deliver drugs over extended time, through materials capable of releasing chemicals slowly into the eye. In this investigation, we outline the use of Elvax 40W, a copolymer resin, to act as a vehicle for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The resin is made and loaded with the drug. The drug-resin complex is then implanted into the vitreous cavity, where it will slowly release the drug over time. This method was tested using 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analogue that blocks the light response of the retina. It was demonstrated that the APB was slowly released from the resin, and was able to block the retinal response by 7 days after implantation. This indicates that slow-release drug delivery using this copolymer resin is effective for treating the retina, and could be used therapeutically with further testing.

This paper details how Elvax 40W can be used as a slow-release method for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The protocol for preparing, loading, and delivering the drug-resin complex to the eye is described.

À libération lente Drug Delivery par Elvax 40W pour le Retina Rat: Implications pour le traitement des maladies chroniques

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these ...

Using Adeno-associated Virus as a Tool to Study Retinal Barriers in Disease

M&#252;ller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina. Their end-feet form the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membranes (ILM), and in conjunction with astrocytes, pericytes and endothelial cells they establish the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). BRB limits material transport between the bloodstream and the retina while the ILM acts as a basement membrane that defines histologically the border between the retina and the vitreous cavity. Labeling M&#252;ller cells is particularly relevant to study the physical state of the retinal barriers, as these cells are an integral part of the BRB and ILM. Both BRB and ILM are frequently altered in retinal disease and are responsible for disease symptoms.
There are several well-established methods to study the integrity of the BRB, such as the Evans blue assay or fluorescein angiography. However these methods do not provide information on the extent of BRB permeability to larger molecules, in nanometer range. Furthermore, they do not provide information on the state of other retinal barriers such as the ILM. To study BRB permeability alongside retinal ILM, we used an AAV based method that provides information on permeability of BRB to larger molecules while indicating the state of the ILM and extracellular matrix proteins in disease states. Two AAV variants are useful for such study: AAV5 and ShH10. AAV5&#160;has a natural tropism for photoreceptors but it cannot get across to the outer retina when administered into the vitreous when the ILM is intact (i.e., in wild-type retinas). ShH10 has a strong tropism towards glial cells and will selectively label M&#252;ller glia in both healthy and diseased retinas. ShH10 provides more efficient gene delivery in retinas where ILM is compromised. These viral tools coupled with immunohistochemistry and blood-DNA analysis shed light onto the state of retinal barriers in disease.

To investigate the blood-retinal barrier permeability and the inner limiting membrane integrity in animal models of retinal disease, we used several adeno-associated virus (AAV) variants as tools to label retinal neurons and glia. Virus mediated reporter gene expression is then used as an indicator of retinal barrier permeability.

Utilisant le virus adéno-associé comme un outil pour étudier les obstacles dans la maladie de la rétine

M&#252;ller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina. Their end-feet form the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membranes ...

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

Keratoconus is a bilateral and progressive corneal ectasia. In order to slow down its progression, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently been introduced as an efficient treatment option. In biological and chemical sciences, crosslinking refers to new chemical bonds formed between reactive molecules. Hence, the aim of corneal collagen CXL is to synthetically increase the formation of crosslinks between collagen fibrils in the corneal stroma. Despite the fact that the efficiency of the conventional CXL (C-CXL) protocol has already been shown in several clinical studies, it might benefit from improvements in duration of the procedure and removal of corneal epithelium. Hence, in order to provide a coherent evaluation of two new and optimized CXL protocols, we studied keratoconus patients who had undergone one of the three CXL treatments: iontophoresis (I-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and conventional CXL (C-CXL). A-CXL is a 6 time faster CXL procedure using a ten time higher UVA irradiance but still including an epithelium removal. Iontophoresis is a transepithelial non-invasive technique in which a small electric current is applied to improve riboflavin penetration throughout the cornea. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), we conclude that regarding the depth of treatment penetration, conventional CXL protocol remains the standard for treating progressive keratoconus. Accelerated CXL seems to be a quick, effective and safe alternative to treat thin corneas. The use of iontophoresis is still being investigated and should be considered with greater caution.

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is the only conservative treatment currently available to halt keratoconus progression by improving the biomechanical rigidity of the corneal stroma. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the methods of three different protocols of CXL: conventional CXL (C-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and iontophoresis CXL (I-CXL).

Trois différents protocoles de réticulation du collagène cornéen dans kératocône: conventionnel, accélérée et Iontophorèse

Keratoconus is a bilateral and progressive corneal ectasia. In order to slow down its progression, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently been ...

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to microperimetry (MY) in eyes affected by dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) over time through the production and secretion of growth factors (GFs) on surrounding tissue. Patients were randomly assigned to each study group. All patients were diagnosed with dry AMD and with BCVA equal to or greater than 1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). A suprachoroidal autologous graft by Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique (LRRT) was carried out on group A, which included 11 eyes from 11 patients. The technique was performed by implanting adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells obtained from the stromal vascular fraction, and platelets from platelet-rich plasma in the suprachoroidal space. Conversely, group B, including 14 eyes of 14 patients, was used as a control group. For each patient, diagnosis was verified by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In group A, BCVA improved by 0.581 to 0.504 at 90 days and to 0.376 logMAR at 180 days (+32.20%) postoperatively. Furthermore, MY test increased by 11.44 dB to 12.59 dB at 180 days. The different cell types grafted behind the choroid were able to ensure constant GF secretion in the choroidal flow. Consequently, the results indicate that visual acuity (VA) in the grafted group can increase more than in the control group after six months.

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

The goal of this study is to assess whether the suprachoroidal graft of adipose-derived stem cells included in the stromal vascular fraction and platelets derived from platelet-rich plasma by the Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique can improve visual acuity and retinal sensitivity responses in eyes affected by dry age-related macular degeneration.

Une thérapie régénératrice par autogreffe de cellules Suprachoroidal à sec Age-related Macular Degeneration : préliminaire In Vivo rapport

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to ...

Puncture-Induced Iris Neovascularization as a Mouse Model of Rubeosis Iridis

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant for targeting neovascular glaucoma, a sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. This method is based on the induction of iris vascular response by a series of self-sealing uveal punctures on BALB/c mice and takes advantage of the postpartum maturation of mouse ocular vasculature. Mouse pups undergo uveal punctures from postnatal day 12.5, when the pups naturally open their eyes, until postnatal day 24.5. Due to the transparency of the cornea, iris vasculature can be analyzed easily through time by noninvasive in vivo methods. Furthermore, the semitransparent iris of BALB/c mice can be flatmounted for detailed immunohistologic analysis with minimal non-specific background staining. In this model, angiogenesis is mainly driven by the inflammatory and plasminogen activating systems. The puncture-induced model is the first to induce iris neovascularization in small rodents, and has the advantage of allowing direct noninvasive in vivo analysis of the angiogenic process. Moreover, the model can be combined with angiogenic modulating substances, which highlights its potential in the study of angiogenesis with an in vivo perspective.

Iris neovascularization, a common complication of ischemic retinal disease, may lead to sight-threatening neovascular glaucoma. Here, we describe a murine protocol for inducing experimental iris neovascularization that may be used for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis-modulating substances.

Induite par la ponction de néovascularisation Iris comme un modèle de souris de Rubeosis Iridis

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant ...

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known risk factor for glaucoma. This protocol demonstrates a step-by-step guide on this technique in Long Evans rats and C57BL/6 mice. Under general anesthesia, a "purse-string" suture is applied on the conjunctiva, around the equator and behind the limbus of the eye. The fellow eye serves as an untreated control. Over the duration of our study, which was a period of 8 weeks for rats and 12 weeks for mice, IOP remained elevated, as measured regularly by rebound tonometry in conscious animals without topical anesthesia. In both species, the sutured eyes showed electroretinogram features consistent with preferential inner retinal dysfunction. Optical coherence tomography showed selective thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Histology of the rat retina in cross-section found reduced cell density in the ganglion cell layer, but no change in other cellular layers. Staining of flat-mounted mouse retinae with a ganglion cell specific marker (RBPMS) confirmed ganglion cell loss. The circumlimbal suture is a simple, minimally invasive and cost-effective way to induce ocular hypertension that leads to ganglion cell injury in both rats and mice.

Chronic ocular hypertension is induced by applying a circumlimbal suture in rats and mice, leading to functional and structural deterioration of the retinal ganglion cells consistent with glaucoma.

Un modèle de glaucome induit par la Suture Circumlimbal chez le rat et la souris

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Dorsiflexor Muscle Function in Mice

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively affect skeletal muscle. This can result in a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and/or loss of muscle quality (reduced force per unit of muscle mass), both of which are prevalent in chronic disease, muscle-specific disease, immobilization, and aging (sarcopenia). Skeletal muscle function in animals can be evaluated by a range of different tests. All tests have limitations related to the physiological testing environment, and the selection of a specific test often depends on the nature of the experiments. Here, we describe an in vivo, non-invasive technique involving a helpful and easy assessment of force frequency-curve (FFC) in mice that can be performed on the same animal over time. This permits monitoring of disease progression and/or efficacy&#160;of a potential therapeutic treatment.

Measurement of rodent skeletal muscle contractile function is a useful tool that can be used to track disease progression as well as efficacy of therapeutic intervention. We describe here the non-invasive, in vivo assessment of the dorsiflexor muscles that can be repeated over time in the same mouse.

Évaluation non invasif de la fonction musculaire de dorsifléchisseurs chez la souris

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively ...

Effect of Artificial Tear Formulations on the Metabolic Activity of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells after Exposure to Desiccation

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear formulations that prevent cell desiccation will result in ocular surface protection and the maintenance of cell metabolic activity. During dehydration, cells undergo the process of loss of metabolic activity and subsequently cell death. This work describes a method for assessing the efficacy of artificial tear formulations. The metabolic dye (i.e., alamarBlue) changes from a low fluorescent molecule resazurin to a fluorescent molecule resorufin in viable cells. The biological performance of an artificial tear formulation is measured as the ability of the formulation to (a) maintain cell viability and (b) provide cell protection from desiccation. Growth media and saline are used as controls for the cell viability/desiccation tests. Cells are incubated with test solutions for 30 min and then desiccated for 0 or 5 min at 37 &#176;C and 45% relative humidity. Cell metabolic activity after initial exposure and after cell desiccation is then determined. The results show the comparative effects of eye drop formulations on cell metabolic activity and desiccation protection. This method can be used to test dry eye formulations that are designed to treat individuals with evaporative dry eye.

The purpose of this protocol is to evaluate if different artificial tear formulations can protect human corneal epithelial cells from desiccation using an in vitro model. After exposure to artificial tear formulations and desiccation, human corneal epithelial cells are assessed for metabolic activity.

Effet des formulations de larmes artificielles sur l’activité métabolique des cellules épithéliales cornéennes humaines après exposition à la dessiccation

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear ...