This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. We would like to thank Dr. Ronald D. McKay for his discussion and comments on this project.

Base unique cellule non-colonie de type monocouche (NCM) culture de hPSCs. 1. Préparatifs <ol><li> Ajoutez 500 ml de milieu de culture de fibroblastes embryonnaires de souris (MEF): milieu DMEM supplémenté avec 10% de FBS, 2 mM de L-glutamine et 0,1 mM d&#39;acides aminés non essentiels (NEAA). </li><li> Isoler les fibroblastes embryonnaires de souris (MEF) des cellules dérivées de la souche CF1 suivant un protocole de routine 16 et MEF culture sur 0,1% de gélatine revêtues plaque à 6 puits de culture de cellules dans du milieu DMEM. Sinon, acheter des actions du MEF au passage 3 de ressources commerciales. </li><li> Préparer plaques Matrigel. <ol><li> Diluer 5 ml de CSEh qualifié Matrigel actions avec 5 ml de milieu DMEM/F12 (refroidi à ~ 4 ° C) et l&#39;enregistrer comme 50% des aliquotes dans un congélateur à -20 ° C. Décongeler le stock congelé Matrigel dans un réfrigérateur (4 ° C ~) O / N et diluer encore le Matrigel dans du milieu DMEM/F12 froid (pour donner lieu à une concentration de travail de 2,5%). </li><li&gt; Manteau 6 puits des plaques de culture cellulaire avec 1,5 ml de 2,5% Matrigel par puits, de stocker les plaques enduites au réfrigérateur O / N (Note: utiliser la plaque Matrigel revêtu dans les 2 semaines). </li><li> Retirer la plaque Matrigel du réfrigérateur, laisser la plaque se réchauffer à la température ambiante dans la hotte de culture cellulaire pour 10 à 30 min (Note: ne pas chauffer la plaque dans un incubateur de culture cellulaire), et aspirer milieu DMEM avant le placage hPSCs. </li></ol></li><li> Ajoutez 500 ml de milieu de hESC: moyenne de 80% de DMEM/F12, 20% KSR, 2 mM de L-glutamine, 0,1 mM d&#39;acides aminés non essentiels, 0,1 mM de β-mercaptoéthanol, et 4 ng / ml de FGF-2. </li><li> Préparer 10 ml de 2X HPSC milieu de congélation: 60% de FBS, 20% de DMSO et 20 uM Y-27632 dans un milieu mTeSR1, stériliser par filtration, et utiliser le support dans 1 semaine. </li></ol> . 2 Protocole 1 (de base): Cultivez HPSC colonies en distribution <ol><li> Utilisez des numéros de passage du MEF à 5 ou 6 (désigné comme P5 et P6) pour la culture HPSC afin d&#39;obtenir résul cohérentets. Inactiver mitotique MEF en traitant les cellules avec 10 pg / ml C mitomycine pendant 3 heures à 37 ° C, laver les cellules 3 fois avec du tampon phosphate salin de 1X Dulbecco (D-PBS), puis se dissocient MEF avec 0,05% de trypsine dans 0,53 mM EDTA. Sinon, irradier MEF à une dose de 8000 rads avec un irradiateur X-ray. </li><li> Compter le nombre de cellules en utilisant la méthode d&#39;exclusion du colorant bleu Trypan sous microscope. Vous pouvez également utiliser un compteur de cellules automatique. </li><li> Plate MEF irradiés sur des plaques de polystyrène à 6 puits revêtus avec 0,1% de gélatine à une densité de 1,88 x 10 5 cellules par puits (par exemple, 1,96 x 10 4 cellules / cm 2). Incuber les cellules à 37 ° C et 5% de CO2 pendant 24 heures. </li><li> Retirez le milieu de culture MEF par aspiration avec une pipette Pasteur (Remarque: aucun des étapes de lavage nécessaires à ce moment). </li><li> Colonies triturer HPSC de la culture précédente en petits bouquets, examinent les touffes sous microscope pour s&#39;assurer que leurs tailles allant from 50 à 100 um de diamètre, et de la plaque touffes HPSC sur le dessus de couches nourricières du MEF dans un puits contenant 2 ml de milieu HPSC. </li><li> Changer CSEh moyen quotidien de 3 à 5 jours, une croissance record de la colonie par la photo, marquer les colonies morphologiquement modifiés ou différenciées (~ 5%), et supprimer manuellement les colonies marquées par aspiration doucement avec une pipette Pasteur. </li><li> Rincer les colonies restantes sur les MEF deux fois (2 min chacun avec du D-PBS) et incuber les colonies avec 2 ml de 1 mg / ml de collagénase IV en milieu HPSC pendant 10 à 30 min), et examiner le détachement des colonies HPSC de l&#39; MEF surface revêtue (Remarque: Utilisez un grattoir pour aider le processus de détachement que si les colonies sont étroitement attachés à la plaque). </li><li> Ajouter 5 ml de milieu HPSC à chaque puits pour minimiser les réactions enzymatiques, les colonies de transfert à un tube de 15 ml, permet colonies HPSC dans les sédiments de 3 à 5 min à température ambiante, et de veiller à la sédimentation des colonies par la visualisation directe de la caunes au fond du tube (Note: ne pas centrifuger le tube à cette étape). </li><li> Retirez les surnageants contenant MEF résiduelles et dissocié des cellules individuelles, remettre en suspension les colonies avec 5 ml de milieu de CSEh, et répéter deux fois l&#39;étape de sédimentation. </li><li> Retirez les moyennes, les colonies triturer HPSC en petits bouquets, magasin en 1X HPSC milieu de congélation (ou CryoStore CS10 milieu de congélation) pour la cryoconservation (1 confluent bien par flacon congelé) ou une plaque sur une plaque à 6 puits pour des passages de cellule. </li></ol> 3 protocole n ° 2:. Autre HPSC colonies de mangeoires pour NCM <ol><li> Rincer pastilles HPSC par D-PBS une fois, incuber les boulettes avec 1 ml d&#39;Accutase 1X pendant 10 min, et la réaction enzymatique examiner au microscope pour assurer la dissociation de cellule unique. </li><li> Terminer les réactions enzymatiques en remettant en suspension les cellules doucement dans 5 ml de milieu contenant 10 uM mTeSR1 Y-27632 suivie d&#39;une centrifugation à 200 x g à température ambiante pendant 5 min(Note, ne pas utiliser les forces de centrifugation excessives qui causent des dommages aux cellules). </li><li> Ajouter 5 ml de milieu mTeSR1 au culot, remettre le culot de cellules individuelles, et filtre dissocié cellules à travers un tamis cellulaire de 40 pm (pour éviter les agrégats de cellules résiduelles). </li><li> Semences 1.3-2 x 10 6 hPSCs dans un puits (1.4 à 2.1 x 10 5 cellules / cm 2) d&#39;une plaque à 6 puits revêtu de 2,5% CSEh qualifié Matrigel, ajoutent moyen mTeSR1 jusqu&#39;à 2,5 ml, et comprennent 10 uM Y-27632 dans le milieu (pour faciliter le départ de 24 h à cellule unique placage). Sinon, utiliser les petites molécules suivantes pour remplacer 10 uM Y-27632 pour l&#39;amélioration de placage seule cellule: 1 uM Y-39983 (ROCK je inhibiteur), 1 uM phenylbenzodioxane (inhibiteur ROCK II), 1 uM thiazovivin (un inhibiteur de ROCK roman) , et l&#39;inhibiteur de JAK 2 pM 1. </li><li> Remplacez le support avec un milieu de mTeSR1 sans drogue le jour suivant (à moins de 24 h), dissocier les cellules d&#39;un supplémentbien, et compter le nombre de cellules pour déterminer l&#39;efficacité de placage seule cellule (Note: environ 50 à 90% de mono-cellulaire efficacité de placage qui peut être atteint à ce stade). </li><li> Permettent aux cellules de se développer comme un seul formé de cellules monocouche pour quelques jours avec 3 ml de milieu mTeSR1. Changer le milieu tous les jours. </li><li> Empiriquement déterminer le calendrier pour repiquer adapté MR en fonction de la densité cellulaire. Passage lorsque la croissance cellulaire atteint confluence à jour 3 ou 4 jours, ou au point de temps de 4 heures après la disparition des frontières de cellule à cellule. Dissocier les cellules dans 1 ml d&#39;Accutase, utiliser un rapport de 1 à 3 de fendage (c.-à-confluente bien une des cellules étalées dans 3 puits de plaque à 6 puits) de passages des cellules, et de stabiliser adapté NCM par cinq passages. </li><li> Cellule de congélation <ol><li> Utiliser un puits de confluence (5-6 ~ x10 6 cellules) pour un flacon congelé: dissocier les cellules d&#39;un puits confluentes avec 1 ml d&#39;Accutase pendant 10 min. </li><li> Diluer with 5 ml de mTeSR1 cellules moyen et centrifugation comme décrit ci-dessus. </li><li> Reprendre le culot dans 500 ul de milieu mTeSR1 puis ajouter lentement 500 pi de 2X HPSC milieu de congélation (contenant 20 uM Y-27632) dans un flacon de cryoconservation. En variante, remettre en suspension les cellules dans 1X HPSC milieu de congélation contenant un inhibiteur de JAK 2 uM 1 ou 1X milieu CryoStor CS10 en présence de 10 pM soit Y-27632 ou 2, l&#39;inhibiteur de JAK de 1 uM. </li><li> Placez les flacons congelés dans un réservoir cryogénique de glace réfrigéré (en bas-rempli avec isopranol) et transférer immédiatement le cryogénique à -80 ° C congélateur. </li><li> les cellules de transfert à partir de la congélation de -80 ° C à un réservoir d&#39;azote liquide (le jour suivant) pour la cryoconservation à long terme. </li></ol></li><li> Cellule dégel <ol><li> Utiliser un flacon de cryoconservation pour le placage 1 puits d&#39;une plaque à 6 puits. </li><li> Préchauffer mTeSR1 milieu dans un bain à 37 ° C de l&#39;eau pendant 10 min, les cellules de dégel dans le même bain d&#39;eau pendant 2 min,goutte à goutte ajouter des cellules à 5 ml de milieu mTeSR1 préchauffé contenant 10 uM Y-27632, et centrifuger comme décrit ci-dessus. </li><li> Resuspendre doucement les boulettes de cellules avec 2 ml de milieu mTeSR1 contenant 10 uM Y-27632 et transférer progressivement les cellules à un bien pré-enduit de Matrigel (Remarque: éviter de produire des bulles d&#39;air). </li><li> Changer moyen quotidien et s&#39;attendent à une croissance HPSC pour atteindre la confluence à jour 3 ou 4. </li></ol></li></ol> 4 Protocole 3:. Autre HPSC colonies sur Matrigel à NCM Culture <ol><li> Retirer une plaque revêtue de Matrigel réfrigérateur, placez la plaque dans la culture de tissus capot pour 10 à 30 min, retirez le support de chaque puits de la plaque, et ajouter 2 ml de milieu mTeSR1 préchauffé à chaque puits. </li><li> Transfert des touffes HPSC trituré à partir de la culture d&#39;alimentation (étape 2.10 du protocole de base) à la plaque de Matrigel ci-dessus. Ajouter à moyen mTeSR1 jusqu&#39;à 2,5 ml volume final dans chaque puits. </li><li> Changer le milieu tous les jours pendant 3 à 4 jourss jusqu&#39;à ce que les colonies atteignent 80 à 90% de confluence. </li><li> Pour des passages de cellule: rincer les colonies avec D-PBS deux fois, traiter les cellules avec 1 ml de 2 mg / ml dispase à 37 ° C pendant 15 à 20 minutes, et les cellules de sédiments et de passage comme les grumeaux. </li><li> Pour la culture NCM: répétez les étapes 3.1 à 3.9 décrites dans le protocole 2. </li></ol> 5 Protocole 4:. NCM Culture de hPSCs sur LN-521 <ol><li> Décongeler la solution recombinant LN-521 à 4 ° C avant le jour de l&#39;utilisation et de préparer la solution de revêtement de la laminine (LCS) en diluant la laminine décongelé avec 1X D-PBS (contenant du Ca 2 + / Mg 2 +) à une concentration finale de 10 pg / ml. </li><li> Ajouter 1 ml de la LCS à un puits dans une plaque à 6 puits (note: éviter à sec pendant le processus de revêtement). </li><li> Sceller la plaque enduite avec du Parafilm pour éviter l&#39;évaporation et stocker la plaque au réfrigérateur (4 ° C) O / N (note: utiliser la plaque dans 1 semaine). </li><li> Retirez délicatement les LCS avec une pipette Pasteur sans pouruching la surface revêtue et ajouter 2 ml de milieu mTeSR1 pour un bien. </li><li> Réchauffer toutes les solutions de culture (y compris D-PBS) dans un bain à 37 ° C de l&#39;eau pendant 25 min. </li><li> Convertir colonies HPSC à NCM <ol><li> Dissocier les agrégats de cellules à cellules individuelles avec Accutase comme décrit dans le protocole 2. </li><li> Semences 1.3-2 x 10 6 hPSCs dans un puits LN-521-enduit (1.4 à 2.1 x 10 5 cellules / cm 2) sans la présence d&#39;inhibiteurs de ROCK. </li><li> Changer le milieu tous les jours pendant 3 à 4 jours. </li><li> Dissocier les cellules dans 1 ml d&#39;Accutase au jour 3 ou 4, pour le repiquage de la cellule suivante en utilisant un rapport de 1 à 3 de fendage. </li></ol></li></ol> . 6 Protocole 5: NCM Culture pour l&#39;ADN plasmidique transfection <ol><li> Adapter colonies HPSC à la culture NCM comme décrit dans les protocoles de 2 à 4. </li><li> Plate dissocié hPSCs en plaque de 12 puits avec une densité de cellules de 7,5 x 10 5 cellules / puits dans du milieu mTeSR1 en présence de 10 pM de Y-27632. </li><li> Remplacer moyen mTeSR1 avec le milieu mTeSR1 sans drogue entre 4-8 heures après l&#39;étalement des cellules. </li><li> Pour chaque transfection, diluer 2,5 pg de plasmides d&#39;expression (par exemple, pmaxGFP) et 5 ul de Lipofectamine 2000 dans des tubes Eppendorf séparées dans 125 pi de chacun d&#39;Opti-MEM Reduced Serum Medium. </li><li> Après 5 min, mélanger les réactifs dilués et incuber pendant 20 min à température ambiante (pour former des complexes de transfection). </li><li> Ajouter les complexes de transfection de 250 ul à chaque puits contenant 1 ml hPSCs en milieu mTeSR1 et incuber les cellules à 37 ° C dans un incubateur à CO 2 pendant 24 heures. </li><li> Examiner l&#39;efficacité de la transfection sous un microscope à fluorescence et la photographie de manière aléatoire pour le calcul de l&#39;efficacité de transfection réelle. </li></ol> . 7 Protocole 6: NCM Culture pour la transfection de microARN <ol><li> Dissocier hPSCs semi-confluentes à jour 2 dans des conditions NCM en ajoutant 1 ml de Accutase par puits dans 6<html> Puits plaque. </li><li> Ajouter 10 ml de milieu mTeSR1 pour diluer les réactions enzymatiques et centrifuger à 200 g pendant 5 min. </li><li> Reprendre le culot cellulaire avec du milieu mTeSR1, ensemencer les cellules à une densité de 7,5 x 10 5 cellules par puits dans une plaque de 12 puits dans un milieu contenant 10 uM mTeSR1 Y-27632, et que les cellules se fixent pendant 4 heures. </li><li> Remplacez le support avec le milieu Y27632 sans mTeSR1. </li><li> Utilisez disponible dans le commerce microARN (par exemple, un miRIDIAN miRNA contrôle de transfection non-ciblage marqué avec Dy547). Titrer des concentrations allant de 0 à 160 nm en utilisant les réactifs fournis et suivez les instructions du fabricant. </li><li> Optimiser l&#39;efficacité de la transfection pour chaque concentration en traits HPSC par imagerie de la fluorescence Dy547 des cellules vivantes sous un microscope à 24 h après la transfection. </li><li> Calculer les efficacités de transfection en fonction du pourcentage de cellules positives Dy547 sur toutes les cellules imagées. </li></ol>. tle &quot;&gt; 8 Protocole 7: NCM Culture pour la transduction du vecteur lentiviral <ol><li> Répétez les étapes 7.1 à 7.4 du Protocole 6. </li><li> Calculer les quantités de particules virales à être utilisés pour la transduction: Utilisez la formule suivante: TU = (MOI x CN) / VT, alors TU représente le nombre total d&#39;unités de transformation, MOI est égale à la multiplicité souhaitée de l&#39;infection dans le puits (MOI ou TU / cellule), le CN indique le nombre de cellules dans chaque puits, et VT indique d&#39;titres viraux (TU / ml). Par exemple, étant donné que les actions des titres viraux pour SMART-shRNA vecteur est égal à 1 x 10 9 TU / ml (unités de transformation par ml), 7,5 x 10 5 cellules par puits au moment de la transduction, et une MOI attendue de 20: 15 utilisent pl des actions particules virales pour chaque bien (à noter: cette condition est recommandé pour l&#39;induction transitoire lentivirus). </li><li> Préchauffage 300 ul de milieu mTeSR1 avec 10 mg / ml de polybrène pendant 30 min. </li><li> Ajouter 15 ul de particules virales dans d&#39;le milieu mTeSR1 préchauffé contenant polybrene et mélanger doucement la solution. </li><li> Remplacer le milieu de culture de cellules avec 300 pi de milieu préchauffé contenant les particules virales. </li><li> Après 4 heures d&#39;incubation, examiner turboGFP fluorescence (un fabricant d&#39;expression shRNA) pour déterminer l&#39;efficacité de transduction. </li><li> Ajouter 300 ul de milieu mTeSR1 supplémentaire pour la transduction bien lorsque les cellules commencent à exprimer turboGFP. </li><li> Après 12-16 heures d&#39;incubation, réexaminer expression turbo-GFP. </li><li> Réaliser des expériences de suivi souhaités avec ces cellules transduites dans les 72 heures. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Il ya deux façons principales de hPSCs de culture in vitro: culture classique de type colonie (des cellules sur des mangeoires ou des matrices extracellulaires) et de la culture de suspension de hPSCs que les agrégats sans mangeoires 6. Les limites de ces deux type de colonie et de la suspension des méthodes de culture comprennent hétérogénéité accumulé et les changements épigénétiques héritables. NCM culture, sur la base à la fois des passages à cellule unique et à haute den...

La capacité de hPSCs de différencier vers les tissus adultes multilignée a ouvert de nouvelles voies pour le traitement des patients qui souffrent de maladies graves qui impliquent cardiovasculaires, hépatiques, pancréatiques, et les systèmes neurologiques 1-4. Différents types de cellules dérivées de hPSCs seraient également fournir des plates-formes cellulaires robustes pour la modélisation de la maladie, le génie génétique, le dépistage des drogues et de tests toxicologiques 1,4. La question clé qui assure leurs applications cliniques et pharmacologiques futures est la génération d&#39;un grand nombre de hPSCs clinique de qualité à travers la culture de cellules in vitro. Cependant, les systèmes de culture actuels sont insuffisants ou de nature variable, impliquant diverses cultures nourricières et sans alimentation-de hPSCs les colonies 5,6. croissance de type colonie d&#39;actions hPSCs de nombreuses caractéristiques structurelles de la masse cellulaire interne (ICM) d&#39;embryons de mammifères début. L&#39;ICM est sujette à se différencier en trois feuillets germinatifsdans un environnement multicellulaire du fait de l&#39;existence de gradients de signalisation hétérogènes. Ainsi, l&#39;acquisition de l&#39;hétérogénéité dans le développement précoce de l&#39;embryon est considéré comme un processus nécessaire à la différenciation, mais une caractéristique non désirée de la culture HPSC. L&#39;hétérogénéité de la culture HPSC est souvent induite par des signaux apoptotiques excessives et différenciation spontanée en raison des conditions de croissance sous-optimales. Ainsi, dans le type de colonies de culture, les cellules hétérogènes sont souvent observés dans la périphérie des colonies 7,8. Il a également été montré que les cellules dans les cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (CSEh) colonies réponses différentielles d&#39;exposition à des molécules telles que BMP-4 9 signalisation. En outre, les méthodes de culture des colonies produisent des rendements de cellules faibles ainsi que les taux de cryoconservation de récupération très faible de cellules en raison de taux de croissance et signalisation apoptotique incontrôlables cheminements de 6,9. Ces dernières années, diverses cultures en suspension ont été développés pour hPSCs de culture, particulArly pour l&#39;expansion de grandes quantités de hPSCs en alimentation-et les conditions sans matrice 6,10-13. Il est évident que différents systèmes de culture ont leurs propres avantages et inconvénients. En général, la nature hétérogène de hPSCs représente l&#39;un des principaux inconvénients des méthodes colonie de type et de la culture agrégées, qui sont sous-optimal pour la livraison des matériaux d&#39;ADN et d&#39;ARN dans hPSCs pour le génie génétique 6. De toute évidence, il est impératif de développer de nouveaux systèmes qui contournent certaines lacunes des méthodes de culture actuelles. Les découvertes d&#39;inhibiteurs de petites molécules (comme l&#39;inhibiteur de ROCK Y-27632 et JAK inhibiteur 1) qui améliorent la survie de cellule unique ouvrent la voie à dissociée-HPSC culture 14,15. Avec l&#39;utilisation de ces petites molécules, nous avons récemment développé un procédé de culture en fonction du type non-colonie (MR) de la croissance dissociées hPSCs-9. Cette nouvelle méthode de culture combine à la fois des passages à cellule unique et de haute densitéplacage méthodes, ce qui nous permet de produire de grandes quantités de hPSCs homogènes sous des cycles de croissance cohérentes sans grandes anomalies chromosomiques 9. En variante, la culture peut être mise en œuvre NCM avec différentes petites molécules et des matrices telles que définies (laminines) afin d&#39;optimiser le procédé de culture pour les applications de large. Ici, nous présentons plusieurs protocoles détaillés sur la base de la culture NCM et délimiter des procédures détaillées pour l&#39;ingénierie génétique. Pour démontrer la polyvalence de protocoles MR, nous avons également testé la culture NCM avec des inhibiteurs de ROCK diverses et avec la seule isoforme de laminine 521 (c.-à-LN-521).

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Countess automated cell counter&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">C10227</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Automatic cell counting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Faxitron Cabinet X-ray System</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Faxitron X-ray Corporation, Wheeling, IL&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Model RX-650</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">X-ray irradiation of MEFs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">MULTIWELL six-well plates&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Becton Dickinson Labware</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">353046</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Polystyrene plates&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">11965&#8211;092</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For MEF medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">mitomycin C</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Roche&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">107 409</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mitotic inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">25300-054</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For MEF dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">DMEM/F12&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">11330&#8211;032</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For hPSC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:203px;">Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">31985-062</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For hPSC transfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Heat-inactivated FBS</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">16000&#8211;044</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Component of MEF medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Knockout Serum Replacer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">10828&#8211;028</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">KSR, Component of hPSC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:203px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">14190-144</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">D-PBS, free of Ca2+/Mg2+</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Non-essential amino acids&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">11140&#8211;050</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">NEAA, component of hPSC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">L-Glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">25030&#8211;081</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Component of hPSC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="41" rowspan="2" style="height:41px;width:203px;">mTeSR1 &#38; Supplements</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:220px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:187px;">5850</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Animal protein-free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:187px;">medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">TeSR2 &#38; Supplements</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">5860</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Xeno-free medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">7522</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Component of hPSC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:203px;"> 
			MEF (CF-1) ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">SCRC-1040</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For feeder culture of hPSCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">hESC-qualified Matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">354277</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For feeder-free culture of hPSCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Laminin-521</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">BioLamina</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">LN521-02</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Human recombinant protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">FGF-2 (recombinant FGF, basic)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">R&#38;D Systems, MN</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">223-FB</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Growth factor in hPSC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">CryoStor CA10&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">7930</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Accutase</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Innovative Cell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">AT-104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">1X mixed enzymatic solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">JAK inhibitor I</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">EMD4 Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">420099</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">An inhibitor of Janus kinase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Y-27632</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">EMD4 Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">688000</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">ROCK inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Y-27632</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">04-0012</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">ROCK inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Y-39983</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">04-0029</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">ROCK I inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Phenylbenzodioxane&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">04-0030</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">ROCK II inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Thiazovivin</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">04-0017</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">A novel ROCK inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">BD Falcon Cell Strainer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">352340</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">40-&#181;m cell strainer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Nalgene 5100-0001 Cryo 1&#176;C</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">C6516F-1</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">&#8220;Mr. Frosty&#8221; Freezing Container</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Lipofectamine 2000&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Invitrogen Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">11668-027</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Transfection reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">DharmaFECT Duo&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">T-2010-02</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Transfection reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:203px;">Non-targeting miRIDIAN miRNA Transfection Control</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">IP-004500-01-05</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Labeled with Dy547, to monitor the delivery of microRNAs&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">SMART-shRNA</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">To be determined</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Lentiviral vector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">pmaxGFP</td>
			<td>amaxa Inc (Lonza)</td>
			<td>Included in every transfection kit</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Expression plasmid for transfection control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">4-Oct</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-5279</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgG2b, pluripotent marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">SSEA-1</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-21702</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgM, differentiation marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">SSEA-4</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-21704</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgG3, pluripotent marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Tra-1-60</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-21705&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgM, pluripotent marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Tra-1-81</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-21706</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgM, pluripotent marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">CK8 (C51)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-8020</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgG1, against cytokeratin 8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">&#945;-fetoprotein</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-8399</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">AFP, mouse IgG2a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">HNF-3&#946; (P-19)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc-9187</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">FOXA2, goat polyclonal antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Troponin T (Av-1)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">MS-295-P0</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgG1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Desmin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">RB-9014-P1</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Rabbit IgG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Anti-NANOG</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">ReproCELL Inc, Japan</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">RCAB0004P-F</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Polyclonal antibody&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Rat anti-GFAP</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Zymed</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">13-0300</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Glial fibrillary acidic protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Albumin (clone HSA1/25.1.3)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Cedarlane Laboratories Ltd. (</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">CL2513A</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgG1,</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Smooth muscle actin (clone 1A4)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">DakoCytomation Inc</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">IR611/IS611</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Mouse IgG2a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Nestin</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Chemicon International</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">MAB5326</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Rabbit polyclonal antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">TUBB3</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Convance Inc</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">MMS-435P</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Tuj1, mouse IgG2a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">HNF4&#945; (C11F12)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Cell Signaling Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">3113</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Rabbit monoclonal antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:203px;">Paraformaldehyde (solution)</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">15710</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">PFA, fixative, diluted in D-PBS</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

alternative cultures for human pluripotent stem cell production, maintenance, and genetic analysis

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and biopharmaceutical applications. Currently, optimal culture and efficient expansion of large amounts of clinical-grade hPSCs are critical issues in hPSC-based therapies. Conventionally, hPSCs are propagated as colonies on both feeder and feeder-free culture systems. However, these methods have several major limitations, including low cell yields and generation of heterogeneously differentiated cells. To improve current hPSC culture methods, we have recently developed a new method, which is based on non-colony type monolayer (NCM) culture of dissociated single cells. Here, we present detailed NCM protocols based on the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632. We also provide new information regarding NCM culture with different small molecules such as Y-39983 (ROCK I inhibitor), phenylbenzodioxane (ROCK II inhibitor), and thiazovivin (a novel ROCK inhibitor). We further extend our basic protocol to cultivate hPSCs on defined extracellular proteins such as the laminin isoform 521 (LN-521) without the use of ROCK inhibitors. Moreover, based on NCM, we have demonstrated efficient transfection or transduction of plasmid DNAs, lentiviral particles, and oligonucleotide-based microRNAs into hPSCs in order to genetically modify these cells for molecular analyses and drug discovery. The NCM-based methods overcome the major shortcomings of colony-type culture, and thus may be suitable for producing large amounts of homogeneous hPSCs for future clinical therapies, stem cell research, and drug discovery.

Un schéma général de la culture NCM La figure 1 représente un schéma typique de culture NCM montrant les changements dynamiques de hPSCs après placage à forte densité de cellule unique en présence de l&#39;inhibiteur de ROCK Y-27632. Ces changements morphologiques comprennent des connexions intercellulaires après placage, la formation de grappes cellulaires, et la croissance cellulaire exponentielle suivie d&#39;une condensation de cellules <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Alternative Cultures for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Production, Maintenance, and Genetic Analysis at JoVE.com

Alternative Cultures for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Production, Maintenance, and Genetic Analysis | Biology | Video

Alternative Cultures for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Production, Maintenance, and Genetic Analysis

Here, we present human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture protocols, based on non-colony type monolayer (NCM) growth of dissociated single cells. This new method, utilizing Rho-associated kinase inhibitors or the laminin isoform 521 (LN-521), is suitable for producing large amounts of homogeneous hPSCs, genetic manipulation, and drug discovery.

Cultures alternatives pour souches pluripotentes humaines production cellulaire, le maintien et l&#39;analyse génétique

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and biopharmaceutical applications. Currently, optimal culture and ...

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12.2K vues.  National Institutes of Health. Here, we present human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture protocols, based on non-colony type monolayer (NCM) growth of dissociated single cells. This new method, utilizing Rho-associated kinase inhibitors or the laminin isoform 521 (LN-521), is suitable for producing large amounts of homogeneous hPSCs, genetic manipulation, and drug discovery.

Vidéo: Alternative Cultures for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Production, Maintenance, and Genetic Analysis

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell (EPI-NCSC) Cultures

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the physiological property to generate a wide array of differentiated cell types, including neurons, nerve supporting cells, smooth muscle cells, bone/cartilage cells and melanocytes. EPI-NCSC are easily accessible in the hairy skin and can be isolated as a highly pure population of stem cells. This video provides a detailed protocol for preparing mouse EPI-NCSC cultures from whisker follicles. The whisker pad of an adult mouse is removed, and whisker follicles dissected. The follicles are then cut longitudinally and subsequently transversely above and below the bulge region. The bulge is removed from the collagen capsule and placed in a culture plate. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from the bulge explants 3 to 4 days later.

Mouse Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell EPI-NCSC Cultures

Here we show our method to isolate mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSC). Technique involves micro-dissecting whisker follicles, isolating the bulge and placeing it into tissue culture. EPI-NCSC start to emigrate from bulge explants onto the substratum within 3 - 4 days.

Souris épidermique Neural Stem Cell Crest (EPI-NCSC) cultures

EPI-NCSC are remnants of the embryonic neural crest in an adult location, the bulge of hair follicles. They are multipotent stem cells that have the ...

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Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells  

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be  fed  every day by performing a complete medium change to replenish lost nutrients and to keep the cultures free of unwanted differentiation factors. Although a small amount of differentiation is normal and expected in stem cell cultures, the culture should be routinely cleaned up by manually removing, or "picking" differentiated areas. Identifying and removing excess differentiation from hES cell cultures are essential techniques in the maintenance of a healthy population of cells.

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

This protocol demonstrates how to maintain healthy, undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

Culture et entretien des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be ...

Preparation of Pooled Human Platelet Lysate (pHPL) as an Efficient Supplement for Animal Serum-Free Human Stem Cell Cultures

Platelet derived growth factors have been shown to stimulate cell proliferation efficiently in vivo1,2 and in vitro. This effect has been reported for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), fibroblasts and endothelial colony-forming cells with platelets activated by thrombin3-5 or lysed by freeze/thaw cycles6-14 before the platelet releasate is added to the cell culture medium. The trophic effect of platelet derived growth factors has already been tested in several trials for tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.1,15-17 Varying efficiency is considered to be at least in part due to individually divergent concentrations of growth factors18,19 and a current lack of standardized protocols for platelet preparation.15,16 This protocol presents a practicable procedure to generate a pool of human platelet lysate (pHPL) derived from routinely produced platelet rich plasma (PRP) of forty to fifty single blood donations. By several freeze/thaw cycles the platelet membranes are damaged and growth factors are efficiently released into the plasma. Finally, the platelet fragments are removed by centrifugation to avoid extensive aggregate formation and deplete potential antigens. The implementation of pHPL into standard culture protocols represents a promising tool for further development of cell therapeutics propagated in an animal protein-free system.

Preparation of Pooled Human Platelet Lysate pHPL as an Efficient Supplement for Animal Serum-Free Human Stem Cell Cultures

Human platelet lysate is a rich source of growth factors and a potent supplement in cell culture. This protocol presents the process of preparing a large pool of human platelet lysate by starting from platelet rich plasma, performing several freeze-thaw cycles and depleting the platelet fragments.

Préparation du Pooled lysat plaquettaire humain (pHPL) comme un supplément efficace pour animaux sans sérum humain cultures de cellules souches

Platelet derived growth factors have been shown to stimulate cell proliferation efficiently in vivo1,2 and in vitro. This effect has been reported for ...

Video Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colony Growth

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer software.  Video bioinformatics is a powerful quantitative approach for extracting spatio-temporal data from video images using computer software to perform dating mining and analysis. In this article, we introduce a video bioinformatics method for quantifying the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) by analyzing time-lapse videos collected in a Nikon BioStation CT incubator equipped with a camera for video imaging. In our experiments, hESC colonies that were attached to Matrigel were filmed for 48 hours in the BioStation CT.  To determine the rate of growth of these colonies, recipes were developed using CL-Quant software which enables users to extract various types of data from video images.  To accurately evaluate colony growth, three recipes were created. The first segmented the image into the colony and background, the second enhanced the image to define colonies throughout the video sequence accurately, and the third measured the number of pixels in the colony over time.  The three recipes were run in sequence on video data collected in a BioStation CT to analyze the rate of growth of individual hESC colonies over 48 hours. To verify the truthfulness of the CL-Quant recipes, the same data were analyzed manually using Adobe Photoshop software. When the data obtained using the CL-Quant recipes and Photoshop were compared, results were virtually identical, indicating the CL-Quant recipes were truthful. The method described here could be applied to any video data to measure growth rates of hESC or other cells that grow in colonies. In addition, other video bioinformatics recipes can be developed in the future for other cell processes such as migration, apoptosis, and cell adhesion.  

Video bioinformatics is the automated processing, analysis, understanding, and data mining of biological spatio-temporal data extracted from microscopic videos. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a method for measuring human embryonic stem cell colony growth using a video bioinformatics method.

Vidéo analyse bioinformatique des droits de croissance de la tige colonie de cellules embryonnaires

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer ...

Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs)1. While improvements in several gene delivery methods have been described2-9, transfection remains a capricious process for HESCs, and has not yet been reported in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this video, we demonstrate how our lab routinely transfects and nucleofects human iPSCs using plasmid with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) reporter. Human iPSCs are adapted and maintained as feeder-free cultures to eliminate the possibility of feeder cell transfection and to allow efficient selection of stable transgenic iPSC clones following transfection. For nucleofection, human iPSCs are pre-treated with ROCK inhibitor11, trypsinized into small clumps of cells, nucleofected and replated on feeders in feeder cell-conditioned medium to enhance cell recovery. Transgene-expressing human iPSCs can be obtained after 6 hours. Antibiotic selection is applied after 24 hours and stable transgenic lines appear within 1 week. Our protocol is robust and reproducible for human iPSC lines without altering pluripotency of these cells.

Despite recent advancements in genetic modification, transfection of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) remains a capricious process. To our knowledge, systematic and efficient methods to transfect human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not been reported. Here, we describe robust protocols to efficiently transfect and nucleofect human iPSCs.

Transfection et Nucleofecting homme cellules souches pluripotentes induites

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human ...

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is essential first to generate functional human cardiomyocytes (CMs). The use of these cells in drug discovery and toxicology studies would also be highly beneficial, allowing new pharmacological molecules for the treatment of cardiac disorders to be validated pre-clinically on cells of human origin. Of the possible sources of CMs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are among the most promising, as they can be derived directly from readily accessible patient tissue and possess an intrinsic capacity to give rise to all cell types of the body 1. Several methods have been proposed for differentiating iPS cells into CMs, ranging from the classical embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregation approach to chemically defined protocols 2,3. In this article we propose an EBs-based protocol and show how this method can be employed to efficiently generate functional CM-like cells from feeder-free iPS cells.

Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.

Génération de cardiomyocytes humains: Un protocole de différenciation des induits des cellules souches pluripotentes humaines chargeur sans

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs include modeling pathogenesis of human genetic diseases, autologous cell therapy after gene correction, and personalized drug screening by providing a source of patient-specific and symptom relevant cells. However, there are several hurdles to overcome, such as eliminating the remaining reprogramming factor transgene expression after human iPSCs production. More importantly, residual transgene expression in undifferentiated human iPSCs could hamper proper differentiations and misguide the interpretation of disease-relevant in vitro phenotypes. With this reason, integration-free and/or transgene-free human iPSCs have been developed using several methods, such as adenovirus, the piggyBac system, minicircle vector, episomal vectors, direct protein delivery and synthesized mRNA. However, efficiency of reprogramming using integration-free methods is quite low in most cases.
Here, we present a method to isolate human iPSCs by using Sendai-virus (RNA virus) based reprogramming system. This reprogramming method shows consistent results and high efficiency in cost-effective manner.

Here, we present our established method to reprogram human somatic cells into transgene-free human iPSCs with Sendai virus, which shows consistent outcome and enhanced efficiency.

Génération efficace d&#39;origine humaine souches pluripotentes à partir de cellules somatiques humaines avec Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

Automated Production of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cortical and Dopaminergic Neurons with Integrated Live-Cell Monitoring

Manual culture and differentiation protocols for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are difficult to standardize, show high variability and are prone to spontaneous differentiation into unwanted cell types. The methods are labor-intensive and are not easily amenable to large-scale experiments. To overcome these limitations, we developed an automated cell culture system coupled to a high-throughput imaging system and implemented protocols for maintaining multiple hiPSC lines in parallel and neuronal differentiation. We describe the automation of a short-term differentiation protocol using Neurogenin-2 (NGN2) over-expression to produce hiPSC-derived cortical neurons within 6&#8210;8 days, and the implementation of a long-term differentiation protocol to generate hiPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons within 65 days. Also, we applied the NGN2 approach to a small molecule-derived neural precursor cells (smNPC)&#160;transduced with GFP lentivirus and established a live-cell automated neurite outgrowth assay. We present an automated system with protocols suitable for routine hiPSC culture and differentiation into cortical and dopaminergic neurons. Our platform is suitable for long term hands-free culture and high-content/high-throughput hiPSC-based compound, RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 screenings to identify novel disease mechanisms and drug targets.

We show the automation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cultures and neuronal differentiations compatible with automated imaging and analysis.

Production automatisée de neurones corticals et dopaminergiques pluripotents induits par l’homme avec surveillance intégrée des cellules vivantes

Manual culture and differentiation protocols for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are difficult to standardize, show high variability and are ...

A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

Cell phenotype can be reversed or modified with different methods, with advantages and limitations that are specific for each technique. Here we describe a new strategy that combines the use of chemical epigenetic erasing with mechanosensing-related cues, to generate mammalian pluripotent cells. Two main steps are required. In the first step, adult mature (terminally differentiated) cells are exposed to the epigenetic eraser 5-aza-cytidine to drive them into a pluripotent state. This part of the protocol was developed, based on the increasing understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms controlling cell fate and differentiation, and involves the use of the epigenetic modifier to erase cell differentiated state and then drive into a transient high plasticity window.
In the second step, erased cells are encapsulated in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micro-bioreactors, also known as Liquid Marbles, to promote 3D cell rearrangement to extend and stably maintain the acquired high plasticity. PTFE is a non-reactive hydrophobic synthetic compound and its use permits the creation of a cellular microenvironment, which cannot be achieved in traditional 2D culture systems. This system encourages and boosts the maintenance of pluripotency though bio-mechanosensing-related cues.
The technical procedures described here are simple strategies to allow for the induction and maintenance of a high plasticity state in adult somatic cells. The protocol allowed the derivation of high plasticity cells in all mammalian species tested. Since it does not involve the use of gene transfection and is free of viral vectors, it may represent a notable technological advance for translational medicine applications. Furthermore, the micro-bioreactor system provides a notable advancement in stem cell organoid technology by in vitro re-creating a specific micro-environment that allows for the long-term culture of high plasticity cells, namely as ESCs, iPSCs, epigenetically erased cells and MSCs.

We here present a method that combines the use of chemical epigenetic erasing with mechanosensing-related cues to efficiently generate mammalian pluripotent cells, without the need of gene transfection or retroviral vectors. This strategy is, therefore, promising for translational medicine and represents a notable advancement in stem cell organoid technology.

Une stratégie en deux étapes qui combine la modification épigénétique et les indices biomécaniques pour générer des cellules pluripotentes de mammifères

Cell phenotype can be reversed or modified with different methods, with advantages and limitations that are specific for each technique. Here we describe ...

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine

Cross-species approaches studying primate pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives are crucial to better understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease, development, and evolution. To make primate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) more accessible, this paper presents a non-invasive method to generate human and non-human primate iPSCs from urine-derived cells, and their maintenance using a feeder-free culturing method.
The urine can be sampled from a non-sterile environment (e.g., the cage of the animal) and treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail during primary cell culture to reduce contamination efficiently. After propagation of the urine-derived cells, iPSCs are generated by a modified transduction method of a commercially available Sendai virus vector system. First&#160;iPSC colonies may already be visible after 5 days, and can be picked after 10 days at the earliest. Routine clump passaging with enzyme-free dissociation buffer supports pluripotency of the generated iPSCs for more than 50 passages.

The present protocol describes a method to isolate, expand, and reprogram human and non-human primate urine-derived cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as instructions for feeder-free maintenance of the newly generated iPSCs.