Ce travail a été soutenu par les Instituts nationaux de la Santé / Institut national des troubles neurologiques et des maladies (NIH / NINDS) accorde R01-NS074387, R01-R21 et NS057711-NS091555 à MGC; NIH / NINDS accorde R01-NS061107, R01-NS076991, R01-R21 et NS082311-NS084275 à PRL; subventions de Happy Hearts de Léa, Université du Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center attribué à MGC et PRL; du département de neurochirurgie de l&#39;Université du Michigan School of Medicine; l&#39;Institut du Michigan pour clinique et de recherche en santé, soutenu par NIH subvention 2UL1-TR000433; la Subvention de formation de biologie Université du Michigan Cancer soutenu par NIH / NCI (National Cancer Institute) subvention T32-CA009676; l&#39;Université du Michigan de formation en neurosciences cliniques et fondamentales soutenu par NIH / NINDS accorder T32-NS007222; et l&#39;Université de Programme de formation scientifique médicale Michigan soutenu par NIH / NIGMS (Institut national de médecine générale Sciences) accorder T32-GM007863. Les auteurs d&#39;unre reconnaissants pour le leadership universitaire et le soutien reçu du Dr Karin Muraszko et le Département de neurochirurgie; M. Dahlgren, D. Tomford, et S. napolitaine pour le soutien administratif superbe; M. Dzaman pour l&#39;assistance technique exceptionnelle; et Phil F. Jenkins pour le soutien généreux envers l&#39;achat d&#39;un microscope électronique à balayage Zeiss 3D. Nous reconnaissons également le laboratoire Kuchroo à la Harvard Medical School à partir de laquelle une version modifiée de la stratégie de médiation de médias centrifugation de densité pour l&#39;isolement de cellules mononucléaires du cerveau a été prélevé.

<ol>
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Les auteurs ont rien à révéler.

Ce protocole décrit un procédé robuste et reproductible pour l&#39;isolement et l&#39;analyse cytométrique en flux de cellules PBMC qui ont infiltré le micro-environnement de la tumeur du cerveau de la souris au début. Des suspensions de cellules de gliome sont générées à une concentration spécifiée par l&#39;expérimentateur qui sont greffées stéréotaxique dans le striatum du cerveau de la souris. Les souris sont ensuite euthanasiés à des points de temps prédéterminés spécifiés par le protocole ex...

Les gliomes sont une classe de cancers du cerveau résultant de la glie neuro-épithéliales transformées dans le système nerveux central (SNC). De tous les gliomes, Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) de grade IV gliome, ou le glioblastome (GBM), est la plus fréquente et mortelle 1. GBM est hautement réfractaire au traitement standard-de-courant qui se compose de résection de la tumeur dans la mesure du possible, plus suivie d&#39;une radiothérapie chimiothérapie concomitante et adjuvante avec 2 témozolomide. Ces cancers mortels portent un pronostic sombre de seulement 15-18 mois de survie à partir du moment du diagnostic initial avec seulement 5% des patients survivent à la maladie après 5 ans 3. La présence de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE), le manque de cellules présentatrices d&#39;antigène professionnelles (APC), et l&#39;existence non identifiés auparavant des structures lymphatiques de bonne foi dans le cerveau 4 ont conduit à la notion de GBM comme immunitaire privilégié. Cependant, de nombreuses études sho maintenantw que ces cancers du cerveau engendrent en effet le recrutement de cellules immunitaires périphériques qui sont principalement à l&#39;origine myéloïde incluant les monocytes, les macrophages et les cellules myéloïdes suppressives (MDSC dérivés 5). GBM influe également sur ​​l&#39;activité de cerveau-résident microglie à devenir pro-tumorigènes 6,7. Les cellules lymphoïdes telles que les cellules T CD8 + 8 et cellules CD56 + tueuses naturelles 9 sont également présents dans le microenvironnement de la tumeur, mais en beaucoup moins grand nombre, un fait semble être due à la fonction immunosuppressive incité par des facteurs de gliome dérivés sur les macrophages associés aux tumeurs ( TAM) 10. Lymphocytes T CD4 + sont également présents dans GBM, mais une grande partie de cette population exprime également CD25 et FoxP3, les responsables de immunosuppresseur T régulatrices (T reg) cellules 11. L&#39;état immunosuppresseur globale de GBM culmine dans la promotion de l&#39;évasion immunologique et la progression de la tumeur 12. <p class= &quot;jove_content&quot;&gt; Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de la GBM immunosuppression est essentielle à l&#39;élaboration de stratégies immunothérapeutiques efficaces conçus pour stimuler le système immunitaire contre la tumeur. Au cours des 15 dernières années, notre laboratoire a travaillé à surmonter les mécanismes de immunosuppresson de tumeur au cerveau afin de développer de nouveaux produits immunothérapeutiques efficaces anti-GBM 13-19. Le point culminant de ce travail a conduit à un essai clinique visant à évaluer un cytotoxique combinée et thérapeutique immuno-stimulation pour les patients nouvellement diagnostiqués (identificateur ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01811992) GBM. Notre travail le plus récent montre que GL26 de la souris et de rat SNC-1 des cellules de glioblastome bloquent anti-tumorale des cellules NK surveillance immunitaire en produisant de grandes quantités de la β-galactoside lectine liant la galectine-1 (gal-1) 20. Cela a été démontré par la suppression de l&#39;expression de gal-1 dans les cellules de gliome utilisant knockdown de gènes shRNA médiation. In vitro expérits ont montré que les cellules de gliome Gal-1 déficient prolifèrent normalement dans la culture, mais ont subi un rejet rapide, peu après la prise de greffe intracrânienne dans des souris C57BL / 6J ou RAG1 souris - / -, établissant ainsi l&#39;indépendance de T ou cellules B sur cette forme de rejet de la tumeur. NK immunodéplétion de la cellule avec un anticorps anti-asialo GM1 anti-sérum ou des anticorps NK1.1 monoclonaux dirigés à la restauration complète de l&#39;évolution de gliome gal-1-deficient intracrânienne, en établissant le rôle des cellules NK en gal-1-deficient rejet de gliome. Nous montrons maintenant que immunodéplétion des cellules myéloïdes Gr-1 + / CD11b + est suffisante pour prévenir le rejet d&#39;un gliome gal-1 déficiente en dépit de la présence de cellules NK, révélant ainsi un rôle d&#39;auxiliaire indispensable pour les cellules myéloïdes dans l&#39;aide apportée à l&#39;gal NK médiée lyse tumorale -1 déficiente (données non publiées). Ce résultat inattendu nous a conduit à développer un protocole détaillé pour l&#39;isolement et l&#39;analyse des cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique (PBMC) quiinfiltrer le microenvironnement d&#39;une tumeur cérébrale, peu après la prise de greffe intracrânienne afin que nous puissions mieux caractériser les événements d&#39;infiltration immunitaires qui prédicat rejet de gliome gal-1 déficient. La méthode est démontré ici en utilisant des cellules de gliome de GL26 de souris qui expriment constitutivement mCitrine protéine fluorescente, appelée GL26-Cit, qui autorisent la visualisation de la cellule tumorale directe par microscopie à fluorescence 21. Ces cellules sont greffées stéréotactique dans le cerveau de souris C57BL / 6J et syngéniques sont laissées se développer pendant 24, 48 ou 72 heures avant l&#39;euthanasie des souris. PBMC de gliome infiltrant sont ensuite isolés et immunomarquées utilisant des anticorps anti -CD45, -GR-1, et -CD11b -NK1.1 anticorps de surface cellulaire conjointement avec immunomarquage intracellulaire de granzyme B (GZMB). Cette combinaison permet d&#39;anticorps spécifique pour l&#39;identification des Gr-1 + / + CD11b cellules myéloïdes infiltrant les tumeurs et NK1.1 +, les cellules NK, les types de cellules, nous avons been impliqué dans le rejet de la tumeur gal-1 déficient. Le profil d&#39;infiltration immunitaire de Gal-1-deficient GL26-Cit gliome, appelé ici GL26-Cit-gal1i, est ensuite comparée à celle des gliomes exprimant des taux normaux de Gal-1 appelé GL26-Cit-NT qui contiennent une non- ciblant le contrôle shRNA épingle à cheveux. Le protocole commence par une description sur la façon de la culture des cellules GL26-Cit gliome in vitro, qui est suivie d&#39;une explication sur la façon de greffer orthotopiquement ces cellules dans le striatum de souris C57BL / 6J syngéniques. Il procède ensuite à énumérer les étapes impliquées dans l&#39;isolement et l&#39;immunomarquage des PBMC de gliome infiltrant pour l&#39;analyse par cytométrie en flux. Le protocole se termine par une explication de l&#39;analyse de données standard et de représentation graphique. La démonstration révèle que les deux Gr-1 + / + CD11b cellules myéloïdes et les cellules NK NK1.1 + accumuler de préférence dans le microenvironnement tumeur cérébrale gal-1 déficient dans les 48h d&#39;implantation de la tumeur, un résultat qui contribue à expliquer pourquoi ces tumeurs subissent rapidement lyse tumorale complète d&#39;environ 1 semaine de prise de greffe tumorale post-20. Le procédé est facilement adaptable à un certain nombre de différents modèles expérimentaux in vivo dans lequel des données temporelles sur infiltration immunitaire dans le cerveau est nécessaire. Un seul expérimentateur peut effectuer le protocole de récolte cerveau analyse cytométrique de flux de PBMC de gliome infiltrant en environ 4-6 heures en fonction du nombre d&#39;échantillons à analyser. Le procédé peut également être combiné avec des expériences visant à caractériser le profil de circulation des PBMC chez les souris porteuses de tumeur pour la comparaison avec ceux qui infiltrent le cerveau afin d&#39;identifier les phénotypes d&#39;immunosuppression spécifiquement induites par le micro-environnement de la tumeur. Application de la présente et des méthodes similaires devrait faciliter une meilleure compréhension des facteurs impliqués dans le trafic de cellules immunitaires périphériques dans le microenvironnement de la tumeur du cerveau.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Modification of Eagles Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12430-054</td>
			<td>with 4.5g/L D-glucose, L-glutamine, 25mM HEPES and phenol red&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate-buffered Saline&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144&#160;</td>
			<td>without calcium chloride or Magnesium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>FB-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>10,000U/ml Penicillin; 10,000&#956;g/ml Streptomycin&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-081</td>
			<td>200mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>G418 sulfate&#160;</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td>GN-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puromycin dihydrochloride&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8833</td>
			<td>from Streptomyces alboniger</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HyClone HyQTase non-mammalian trypsin alternative&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SV30030.01</td>
			<td>in DPBS with EDTA&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phase contrast hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td>0.1mm deep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan blue stain</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 0.9% NaCl injection, USP</td>
			<td>Hospira</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-4888</td>
			<td>10ml vials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.6ml conical polypropylenemi microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atipamezole hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Orion Pharma</td>
			<td>NDC: 52483-6298</td>
			<td>5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Fort Dodge</td>
			<td>NDC: 0409-2051</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td>NDC: 54771-2805</td>
			<td>0.5mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Lloyd</td>
			<td>NDC: 61311-481</td>
			<td>100mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen injection</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>NDC: 61106-8501</td>
			<td>50mg/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine hydrochloride injection</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benckiser</td>
			<td>NDC: 12496-0757</td>
			<td>0.3mg/ml ampuls</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml tuberculin syringes&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8881501400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26G x &#189; (0.45mm x 13mm) syringe needles&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical clippers</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>9661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Providone-iodine solution</td>
			<td>Aplicare</td>
			<td>82-217</td>
			<td>NDC: 52380-1905</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile petrolatum ophthalmic ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td>NDC: 17033-211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% isopropyl alcohol prep pads</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>6818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8044</td>
			<td>non-woven, 4&#34; x 4&#34;, 4-ply&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.7ml conical polypropylene microtubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>22-281</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>51730</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical lamp</td>
			<td>Philips Burton</td>
			<td>CS316W</td>
			<td>Coolspot II Variable Spotlight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved dissecting forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>5431</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Colibri retractors&#160;</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>17000-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cordless precision power drill</td>
			<td>Dremel&#160;</td>
			<td>1100-01</td>
			<td>Stylus model; 7.2-Volt Lithium-Ion with Docking Station</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Engraving Cutter</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>105</td>
			<td>1/32&#34; or 0.8 mm bit diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>75</td>
			<td>Hamilton Microliter&#174; Syringes 700 series; 5&#956;l volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microliter syringe needles</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>7762-06</td>
			<td>33G, small hub RN NDL, 1.5 in, point style 3, 6/PK</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethilon 3-0 black monofilament nylon sutures&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>1663</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>74950-296</td>
			<td>7.9mm diameter x 50mm length (5/16&#34; diameter x 2&#34; length)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1L glass screw-cap storage bottle</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>1395</td>
			<td>Type 1, Class A borosilicate glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium&#160;</td>
			<td>Sagent</td>
			<td>NDC: 25021-400</td>
			<td>1,000U/ml solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Cole Parmer Instruments Group</td>
			<td>77200-60</td>
			<td>Master Flex Easy Load II console drive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>compressed carbogen (95% O2 / 5% CO2)</td>
			<td>available from local vendor</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>A-type, large cylinder&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20G x 1 &#189;&#34; aluminum hub blunt needles</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>8881202363</td>
			<td>0.9mm x 38.1mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyurethane ice bucket</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>02-591-45</td>
			<td>Capacity: 0.152 oz. (4.5L)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase (Type I-S)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C1639</td>
			<td>from Clostridium histolyticum&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxyribonuclease I</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical Corp.</td>
			<td>LS002007</td>
			<td>&#62;2,000 Kunitz units per mg dry weight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antistatic polystyrene hexagonal weighing dishes</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>20157-3</td>
			<td>top I.D. 115mm, base I.D. 85mm, 203ml volume&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel single edged razor blades&#160;</td>
			<td>Garvey</td>
			<td>40475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone rongeurs</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>16001-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>13014-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large dissection scissors</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>1316</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small dissection scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14094-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blunt end forceps</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>13250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7ml glass Dounce tissue grinder</td>
			<td>Kontes</td>
			<td>KT885300-0007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percoll Density Centrifugation Media&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>GE17-0891-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL serological pipettes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>12-104</td>
			<td>single use; sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70&#956;m sterile nylon mesh cell strainers&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>22363548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD45 (clone: 30-F11)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse anti-mouse NK1.1 (clone: PK136)</td>
			<td>eBiosciences&#160;</td>
			<td>17-5941-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse Gr-1 (clone:RB6-8C5)</td>
			<td>BD Pharmigen</td>
			<td>553128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD11b (clone: M1/70)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC-conjugated mouse IgG2a, &#954; (clone: eBM2a) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: eB149/10H5) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-4031-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCP/Cy5.5-conjugated rat IgG2b, &#954; (clone: RTK4530) isotype control</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse anti-mouse granzyme B (Clone: GB11)&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>515403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse IgG1, &#954; (Clone: MOPC-21) isotype control&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554714</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-103</td>
			<td>conical bottom&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>21-108</td>
			<td>conical bottom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12x75mm round-bottom polypropylene FACS tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-956-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSAria Special Order Research Product flow cytometer/cell sorter</td>
			<td>BD&#160;</td>
			<td>650033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Class II Biological Safety Cabinet</td>
			<td>The Baker Company</td>
			<td>SG603</td>
			<td>model: SterilGARD III Advance</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Notre laboratoire a démontré récemment que les cellules tueuses naturelles (NK) sont capables d&#39;éradiquer GL26 de souris orthotopique implanté et rat CNS-1 gliomes malins peu de temps après la prise de greffe intracrânienne si les cellules cancéreuses sont rendues déficientes dans l&#39;expression de la lectine galectine β-galactoside liaison -1 (gal-1). Des travaux plus récents montre maintenant que une population de GR-1 des cellules myéloïdes + / CD11b + est essentiel à cet effet. Pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels les NK et les cellules myéloïdes coopèrent pour conférer rejet de tumeur gal-1-deficient nous avons mis au point un protocole détaillé pour l&#39;isolement et l&#39;analyse des cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique gliome infiltrant (PBMC). La méthode est mise en évidence en comparant les PBMC ici infiltration dans le microenvironnement tumoral de Gal-1 exprimant GL26 gliomes avec ceux-gal rendu déficient par une shRNA-knockdown. Le protocole commence par une description de la façon dont la culture et de préparer GL26 CElls pour l&#39;inoculation dans le cerveau de souris C57BL / 6J syngénique. On explique ensuite les étapes impliquées dans l&#39;isolement et l&#39;analyse par cytométrie flux de PBMC de gliome infiltrant du micro-environnement de la tumeur cérébrale précoce. Le procédé est adaptable à un certain nombre de modèles expérimentaux in vivo dans lequel des données temporelles sur infiltration immunitaire dans le cerveau est nécessaire. La méthode est sensible et hautement reproductibles, comme des PBMC de gliome infiltrant peuvent être isolées à partir de tumeurs intracrâniennes dès que la prise de greffe de post-tumeur 24 h avec le nombre de cellules observées similaires de points appariés de temps tout au long de tumeurs expériences indépendantes. Un seul expérimentateur peut réaliser le procédé à partir de cerveau de récolte de circuler analyse cytométrique des PBMC de gliome infiltrant dans environ 4-6 heures selon le nombre d&#39;échantillons à analyser. Modèles de gliome alternatifs et / ou de détection des anticorps spécifiques de cellules peuvent également être utilisés à la discrétion des expérimentateurs pour évaluer l&#39;infiltration de plusieurs autres immune types cellulaires d&#39;intérêt sans la nécessité de modification de la procédure globale.

La stratégie de déclenchement suivant est utilisé pour une expérience typique: FSC-A vs SSC-A → SSC-H vs SSC-W → FSC-H vs FSC-W → CD45 vs. comptage → Gr-1 contre CD11b → NK1.1 contre comptage. Gates a mis sur Gr-1 + / + CD11b cellules myéloïdes et les cellules NK NK1.1 + sont ensuite stratifié basé sur l&#39;expression GZMB (figure 5A). Backgating ces cellules identifiées comme des cellules NK et NK1.1 + Gr-1 + / + CD11...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Présenté ici est une méthode simple pour l&#39;isolement et le flux analyse cytométrique de cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique gliome infiltrant qui donne des données quantitatives en fonction du temps sur le nombre et le statut activation des cellules immunitaires qui entrent dans le microenvironnement de tumeur cérébrale tôt.

L&#39;isolement et la cytométrie en flux analyse des cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique gliome infiltrant

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

isolation-flow-cytometric-analysis-glioma-infiltrating-peripheral

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

15.6K vues.  University of Michigan.  Présenté ici est une méthode simple pour l'isolement et le flux analyse cytométrique de cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique gliome infiltrant qui donne des données quantitatives en fonction du temps sur le nombre et le statut activation des cellules immunitaires qui entrent dans le microenvironnement de tumeur cérébrale tôt. 

Vidéo: Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Isolation of Mouse Peritoneal Cavity Cells

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal tract and other viscera. It harbors a number of immune cells including macrophages, B cells and T cells. The presence of a high number of na&iuml;ve macrophages in the peritoneal cavity makes it a preferred site for the collection of na&iuml;ve tissue resident macrophages (1). The peritoneal cavity is also important to the study of B cells because of the presence of a unique peritoneal cavity-resident B cell subset known as B1 cells in addition to conventional B2 cells. B1 cells are subdivided into B1a and B1b cells, which can be distinguished by the surface expression of CD11b and CD5. B1 cells are an important source of natural IgM providing early protection from a variety of pathogens (2-4). These cells are autoreactive in nature (5), but how they are controlled to prevent autoimmunity is still not understood completely. On the contrary, CD5+ B1a cells possess some regulatory properties by virtue of their IL-10 producing capacity (6). Therefore, peritoneal cavity B1 cells are an interesting cell population to study because of their diverse function and many unaddressed questions associated with their development and regulation. The isolation of peritoneal cavity resident immune cells is tricky because of the lack of a defined structure inside the peritoneal cavity. Our protocol will describe a procedure for obtaining viable immune cells from the peritoneal cavity of mice, which then can be used for phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry and for different biochemical and immunological assays.

The peritoneal cavity in mammals contains different immune cell populations crucial for innate immune responses. An efficient isolation method is required for biochemical and functional analyses of these cells. Here we provide a comprehensive method for the isolation of peritoneal cavity cells in the mouse.

L&#39;isolement des cellules de souris cavité péritonéale

The peritoneal cavity is a membrane-bound and fluid-filled abdominal cavity of mammals, which contains the liver, spleen, most of the gastro-intestinal ...

Recherche

Immunologie et infection

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. Polysaccharides such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and glycolipids stain bright magenta making it easy to enumerate positive and negative cells within the tissue. In muscle cells PAS staining is used to determine the glycogen content in different types of muscle cells, while in blood cell samples PAS staining has been explored as a diagnostic tool for a variety of conditions. Blood contains a proportion of white blood cells that belong to the immune system. The notion that cells of the immune system possess glycogen and use it as an energy source has not been widely explored. Here, we describe an adapted version of the PAS staining protocol that can be applied on peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells from human venous blood. Small cells with PAS-positive granules and larger cells with diffuse PAS staining were observed. Treatment of samples with amylase abrogates these patterns confirming the specificity of the stain. An alternate technique based on enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence and amount of glycogen in the samples. This protocol is useful for hematologists or immunologists studying polysaccharide content in blood-derived lymphocytes.

Periodic acid Schiff staining is a technique that visualizes the polysaccharide content of tissues. This article demonstrates periodic acid Schiff staining protocol adapted for use on peripheral blood mononuclear cells purified from human venous blood. Such samples are enriched for lymphocytes and other white blood cells of the immune system.

Détection glycogène dans les cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique avec l&#39;acide périodique Schiff coloration

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

Isolement et analyse par cytométrie en flux des cellules immunitaires du cerveau ischémique souris

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of this assay can be considered unstable, either because of user&#39;s errors or because of the sensitivity of NK cells to experimental manipulation. To eliminate these issues, a workflow that reduces them to a minimum was established and is presented here. To illustrate, we obtained blood samples, at various time points, from runners (n = 4) that were submitted to an intense bout of exercise. First, NK cells are simultaneously identified and isolated through CD56 tagging and magnetic-based sorting, directly from whole blood and from as little as one milliliter. The sorted NK cells are removed of any reagent or capping antibodies. They can be counted in order to establish an accurate NK cell count per milliliter of blood. Secondly, the sorted NK cells (effectors cells or E) can be mixed with 3,3&#39;-Diotadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) tagged K562 cells (target cells or T) at an assay-optimal 1:5 T:E ratio, and analyzed using an imaging flow-cytometer that allows for the visualization of each event and the elimination of any false positive or false negatives (such as doublets or effector cells). This workflow can be completed in about 4 h, and allows for very stable results even when working with human samples. When available, research teams can test several experimental interventions in human subjects, and compare measurements across several time points without compromising the data&#39;s integrity.

This work describes an advanced workflow for the accurate and fast determination of NK (Natural Killer) cell count and NK cell cytotoxicity in human blood samples.

Cytométrie en flux Analyse des cellules tueuses naturelles lytique Activité dans le sang humain

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Isolement et cytométrie de flux Analyse de Human Endocervical Gamma Delta cellules T

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Digestion du foie murin pour une cytométrie de cellules endothéliales lymphatiques

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...

Digestion of Whole Mouse Eyes for Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Innate immune cells, specifically mononuclear phagocytes, express overlapping cell surface markers, which makes identifying these populations a challenge. Multi-parameter flow cytometry allows for the simultaneous, quantitative analysis of multiple cell surface markers in order to differentiate monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells in mouse eyes. This protocol describes the enucleation of whole mouse eyes, ocular dissection, digestion into a single cell suspension, and staining of the single cell suspension for myeloid cell markers. Additionally, we explain the proper methods for determining voltages using single color controls and for delineating positive gates using fluorescence minus one controls. The major limitation of multi-parameter flow cytometry is the absence of tissue architecture. This limitation can be overcome by multi-parameter flow cytometry of individual ocular compartments or complimentary immunofluorescence staining. However, immunofluorescence is limited by its lack of quantitative analysis and reduced number of fluorophores on most microscopes. We describe the use of multi-parametric flow cytometry to provide highly quantitative analysis of mononuclear phagocytes in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Additionally, multi-parameter flow cytometry can be used for the identification of macrophage subsets, fate mapping, and cell sorting for transcriptomic or proteomic studies.

This protocol provides a method to digest whole eyes into a single cell suspension for the purpose of multi-parameter flow cytometric analysis in order to identify specific ocular mononuclear phagocytic populations, including monocytes, microglia, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Digestion des yeux de souris entières pour l’analyse cytométrique de flux multi-paramètres des phagocytes mononucléaires

The innate immune system plays important roles in ocular pathophysiology including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. ...

Flotation-Based T Cell Isolation, Activation, and Expansion from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Samples Using Microbubbles

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical testing, and cell-based therapies. In this study, a simple, novel protocol to isolate, activate, and expand T cells from PBMCs ex vivo is presented. This study utilizes functionalized buoyancy-activated cell sorting (BACS) technology to isolate and activate T cells. Briefly, the protocol involves the positive selection of CD3+ cells from leukopak-derived PBMCs, followed by a 48 h co-stimulation with pre-conjugated anti-CD28-bound streptavidin microbubbles (SAMBs) prior to transduction in 24-well plates. Functionalized microbubbles offer a unique opportunity to buoyantly activate cells, leading to proliferative phenotypes that allow for expansion with minimal exhaustion. This technique offers reduced exhaustion because the co-stimulatory microbubbles remain buoyant and return to the top of the culture medium, thus reducing the amount of time that the expanding cells are in contact with the co-stimulatory factors. The results indicate that the isolated and cultured T cells receive enough stimulation to activate and proliferate but not to an extent that leads to overactivation, which then leads to exhaustion, as demonstrated by the presence of excessive PD-1.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of flotation-based separation to isolate, activate, and expand primary human T cells.

Isolement, activation et expansion des lymphocytes T par flottation à partir d’échantillons de cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique humain à l’aide de microbulles

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical ...

Collection et cryostockage PBMC pour l’analyse bioénergétique mitochondriale

Cryopreservation and Bioenergetic Evaluation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases and aging. Oxidative phosphorylation plays a decisive role, as it is crucial for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. PBMCs have been identified as a minimally invasive sample to measure mitochondrial function and have been shown to reflect disease conditions. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be limited by several factors in human samples. Limitations are the amount of samples taken, sampling time, which is often spread over several days, and locations. Cryopreservation of the collected samples can ensure consistent collection and measurement of samples. Care should be taken to ensure that the parameters measured are comparable between cryopreserved and freshly prepared cells. Here, we describe methods for isolating and cryopreserving PBMCs from human blood samples to analyze the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in these cells. PBMC cryopreserved according to the protocol described here show only minor differences in cell number and viability, adenosine triphosphate levels, and measured respiratory chain activity compared with freshly harvested cells. Only 8-24 mL of human blood is needed for the described preparations, making it possible to collect samples during clinical studies multicentrally and determine their bioenergetics on site.

Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Préservation des paramètres bioénergétiques dans les cellules mononucléées du sang périphérique après cryoconservation 

Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used for the analysis of immune functions and disorders, metabolic diseases, or mitochondrial functions. In this work, we describe a standardized method for the preparation of PBMCs from whole blood and the subsequent cryopreservation. Cryopreservation makes this time and place independent.

Cryoconservation et évaluation bioénergétique des cellules mononucléées du sang périphérique humain

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases ...