המחברים רוצה להכיר אוניברסיטת ואנדרבילט ו המכון לביולוגיה כימיים עבור תמיכה כספית. מר ברקלי אליס, פרופסור ג'ון מקלין הם הכירו עבור ניתוח ספקטרלי של מסה להדפסה ברזולוציה גבוהה.

1. נציג מיקרוגל-בסיוע Denitration
<ol><li>במקום אסתר חנקת azido (1.0 equiv., 0.2 mmol) בתוך המבחנה התגובה מיקרוגל 8 מ ל. ניתן להגדיל את היקף התגובה ל mmol מספר ללא כל השפעה שלילית על התקדמות התגובה.</li>
	<li>להמיס אסתר azido-ניטראט ב 20% aq. אצטון (0.1 M, 2.0 מ"ל). פירידין (5.0 equiv., 0.08 מל ', 1.0 mmol) להוסיף מיכל התגובה. וחוץ את המבחנה הקרנה במיקרוגל ולמקם את מיכל התגובה חור בכור מיקרוגל.</li>
	<li>. להאיר את הפתרון ב- 120 מעלות למשך 15 דקות עם ערבוב, עם זמן המתנה קבועה... הזמן מייצג כמה זמן ההקרנות תתרחש ב המיועד טמפרטורה, לחץ תוצאות. מחממים את כל התגובות הטמפרטורה המדווחת ramping במשך 2 דקות. נטר את הטמפרטורה על ידי חיישן מוכלת IR.</li>
	<li>לאחר 15 דקות, לנתח את תערובת התגובה באמצעות שכבה דקה כרומטוגרפיה (TLC) כדי לאשר את הצריכה של חומר המוצא. להשתמש אתיל אצטט 1:1 / hexanes eluent.<ol>
<li>דמיינו את הצלחת TLC באמצעות הכתם molybate אמוניום ceric. Rf של מגיבים, המוצר עשוי להשתנות, אך האלכוהול תוך צמצום בדרך כלל 0.05 ל 0.1 התחתון Rf מאשר מגיבים.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. היווצרות trichloroacetimidate
<ol><li>בעקבות צריכת מוחלטת של חומר המוצא, להתנדף הממס לאמצעי אחסון מופחת באמצעות חברת תעופה. לאחר מכן, לדלל עם (דיכלורומתאן) CH2Cl2 (1.0 מ"ל) והשתמש מזרק כדי להסיר את שכבת מים. לאחר הסרת השכבה מים, מגניב את תערובת התגובה עד 0 ° C בעזרת אמבט קרח-מים.</li>
	<li>לאחר מכן, להוסיף DBU (10 eq, 0.3 mL, 1.9 mmol) ו- 2,2,2-trichloroacetonitrile (50 eq, 1.0 מ"ל, 10 mmol) מיכל התגובה. ריאגנטים הן מתווספות עודף, מינימום של המקבילה בסיס 1 ו- 1 המקבילה 2,2,2-trichloroacetonitrile יש צורך.</li>
	<li>לאפשר את תערובת התגובה לעורר בעת ההתחממות לטמפרטורת הסביבה. נטר את התגובה על ידי TLC לאשר הצריכה של חומר המוצא.<ol>
<li>להשתמש אתיל אצטט 1:1 / hexanes eluent. דמיינו את הצלחת TLC באמצעות הכתם molybate אמוניום ceric. Rf של מגיבים ושל המוצר ישתנו.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>לאחר צריכת מלאה החל חומר, להעביר את תערובת התגובה בקבוקון שחזור ולרכז את התערובת ב vacuo ב- 30 ° C. אידוי של הממס תספק צהוב חיוור גולמי שמן חום.</li>
	<li>לטהר את המוצר גולמי על ידי סיליקה ג'ל עמודה כרומטוגרפיה ועם לעמודה כרומטוגרפיה 1.5 ס מ 1:4 אתיל אצטט/hexanes כמו eluent. הצורה הפיזי של imidate ישתנו מולקולה מולקולה.</li>
</ol><img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56610/56610fig1v3.jpg"> איור 1. דוגמאות מייצגות של ההמרה סיר אחד של 2-azido-1-ניטראט אסטרים ל- 2-azido-1-trichloroimidates. <a href="//cloudflare.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56610/56610fig1v3large.jpg" target="_blank">אנא לחץ כאן כדי להציג גירסה גדולה יותר של הדמות הזאת.</a>

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המחברים יש אין אינטרסים כלכליים מתחרים.

הפרוטוקול המתואר במדריך זה מספק שיטה להמרת חנקתי אסטרים פונקציונליות שימושית, תגובתי. במובן רחב יותר, העסקת כור מיקרוגל להשלמת תמרונים ספציפי במהלך סינתזה פחמימות יש פוטנציאל להפוך שינויי צורה קשה נתיישב, שגרתיות. מטרתנו במדריך זה כדי להדגים כיצד להתמודד עם פחמימות בהקשר של הקרנה במיקרו?...

עקב המצאות שלהם בכל מקום ב ביולוגיה מולקולרית, פחמימות היו מטרות ארוכת שנים עבור סינתזה. 1 , 2 , 3 -הליבה של כל קמפיין מוצלח סינתטי הוא פריסה נכונה של גליקוזילציה תגובות לבנות את השרשרת פחמימה # מיון הפחמימות. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 . באופן לא מפתיע, ישנם מספר רב של שיטות כדי להתקין את glycosidic אגרות חוב. 13 , 14 בשיטה Koenigs-קנור הוא אחד מההליכים הידוע המוקדם, כרוך צימוד של כלוריד glycosyl או ברומיד עם מרכיב אלכוהולי, בדרך כלל תחת הפעלת מתכות כבדות (כספית או כסף). 15 ופלואורידים glycosyl קשורים הוכנסו הראשון בתור תורמים בשנת 1981 על ידי קבוצת Mukaiyama, מצאו יישום נרחב עקב יציבות מוגברת שלהם תרמי וכימיים. 16 בקצה השני של הספקטרום תגובתיות הם glycosyl iodides, אשר מגיב הרבה יותר מאשר הלידים אחרים. תגובתיות מוגברת מלווה stereocontrol מוגברת, במיוחד כאשר ויוצרים מקושרים-α oligosaccharides. 17 בנוסף "haloglycosides", thioglycosides מצאו כלי רחב, בין השאר, הודות לקלות שלהם היווצרות, יציבות כדי שפע של תנאי ריאקציה, והפעלה עם ריאגנטים electrophilic. 18
השיטות המתוארות לעיל פוקוס על המרת anomeric אלכוהול כדי, המכילים "-חמצן" החבויים עוזב קבוצה מופעל, בסופו של דבר שנעקרו על ידי אלכוהול מ מולקולה מקבל. Anomeric חמצן הפעלה כפי שתואר על ידי בית הספר שמידט, מתמקד המרת החמצן C1 עצמו, קבוצה עוזבת. 19 בשיטה זו היא החזקה ביותר, בשימוש נרחב תגובות כימיות גליקוזילציה. Trichloroacetimidate תורמים מוכנים ברצון הפחתת סוכר, trichloroacetonitrile בנוכחות בסיס כגון אשלגן פחמתי (K2CO3) או 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU). מינים אלה מופעלים באמצעות חומצות לואיס. 20
לאחרונה, אנחנו דיווחו על כך להיות מוכן ישירות תורמים 2-azido-1-trichloroacetimidate מ- glycals. התהליך כרוך ריאקציה שני, נוהל סיר אחד מ- 2-azido-1-ניטראט אסטרים. 21 פרוטוקול מפורט זה נועד לסייע למטפלים בהצלחה להשלים את השינוי בתשואה גבוהה. עניין מיוחד הוא הצעד הראשון של הרצף, אשר מתמקדת denitration תרמי תחת מיקרוגל - בסיוע חימום. אנו גם מקווים לספק מדריך חזותי על העסקת מיקרוגל כורים ב סינתזה אורגנית.

<table><tbody><tr><td>230 400 mesh silica gel</td><td>SiliCycle Inc</td><td>R10030B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TLC plates</td><td>SiliCycle Inc</td><td>TLG-R10014B-527</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceric ammonium molybdate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A1343</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Solvent Still</td><td>Mbraun</td><td>MB-SPS-800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Infared spectrometer</td><td>Thermo</td><td>Thermo Electron IR100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</td><td>Bruker</td><td></td><td>400, 600 MHz</td></tr><tr><td>LC/MS</td><td>Thermo/Dionex</td><td></td><td>Single quad, ESI</td></tr><tr><td>HRMS</td><td>Agilent</td><td>Synapt G2 S HDMS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microwave reactor</td><td>Anton Parr</td><td>Anton Parr G10 Monowave 200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DBU</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>139009</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;CN</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T53805</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pyridine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>270970</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A18-20</td><td>Tech. grade</td></tr><tr><td>Phase separator</td><td>Biotage</td><td>120-1901-A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotary evaporator</td><td>Buchi</td><td>R-100</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

one-pot microwave-assisted conversion of anomeric nitrate-esters to trichloroacetimidates

מטרת ההליך הבא נועד לספק הפגנה של ההמרה סיר אחד של 2-azido-1-חנקת-אסתר תורם glycosyl trichloroacetimidate. בעקבות azido-ניטרציה של glycal, אסתר 2-azido-1-ניטראט מוצר יכול להיות הידרוליזה תחת הקרנה בסיוע מיקרוגל. שינוי זה מושגת בדרך כלל בעזרת ריאגנטים חריפה נוקלאופילי, זמני תגובה ארוכים. הקרנה במיקרוגל גורם הידרוליזה, בהיעדרו של ריאגנטים, עם זמני תגובה קצרים. בעקבות denitration, מומר האלכוהול anomeric ביניים, בסיר אותה המקביל 2-azido-1-trichloroacetimidate.

הטכנולוגיה המתוארים בזאת הודגם על מאגר של שלושה אסטרים 2-azido-1-חנקתי. בכל מקרה ומקרה הושלם השלב הראשון של התגובה תוך 20 דקות.
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56610/56610fig2v3.jpg"> איור 2- נציג דוגמה הידרוליזה (1 ->2), סיר אחד ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates at JoVE.com

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

סיר אחד בסיוע מיקרוגל ההמרה של חנקת Anomeric-אסטרים Trichloroacetimidates

2-azido-1-חנקת-אסתר ניתן להמיר את המקביל 2-azido-1-trichloroacetimidate בהליך סיר אחד. המטרה של כתב היד היא להדגים את השירות של הכור מיקרוגל בסינתזה של פחמימות.

The goal of the following procedure is to provide a demonstration of the one-pot conversion of a 2-azido-1-nitrate-ester to a trichloroacetimidate ...

one-pot-microwave-assisted-conversion-anomeric-nitrate-esters-to

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7.4K Views.  Vanderbilt University. 2-azido-1-חנקת-אסתר ניתן להמיר את המקביל 2-azido-1-trichloroacetimidate בהליך סיר אחד. המטרה של כתב היד היא להדגים את השירות של הכור מיקרוגל בסינתזה של פחמימות.

Video: One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order to streamline synthesis by saving steps, time and material compared to conventional methods that require the introduction and removal of activating or directing groups. Therefore, the functionalization of C-H bonds is also attractive for green chemistry. Under oxidative conditions, two C-H bonds or one C-H and one heteroatom-H bond can be transformed to C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, respectively. Often these oxidative coupling reactions require synthetic oxidants, expensive catalysts or high temperatures. Here, we describe a two-step procedure to functionalize indole derivatives, more specifically tetrahydrocarbazoles, by C-H amination using only elemental oxygen as oxidant. The reaction uses the principle of C-H functionalization via Intermediate PeroxideS (CHIPS). In the first step, a hydroperoxide is generated oxidatively using visible light, a photosensitizer and elemental oxygen. In the second step, the N-nucleophile, an aniline, is introduced by Br&#248;nsted-acid catalyzed activation of the hydroperoxide leaving group. The products of the first and second step often precipitate and can be conveniently filtered off. The synthesis of a biologically active compound is shown.

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

A two-step procedure for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active indole-derivatives by C-H functionalization with anilines is described, using photo- and Br&#248;nsted acid catalysis.

סינתזה של נגזרות אנטי Tetrahydrocarbazole ידי פוטו וFunctionalization CH זרז חומצה באמצעות חמצניים ביניים (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order ...

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

In organic chemistry ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as safe and recyclable reaction solvents. In the presence of a base ILs can be deprotonated to form catalytically active N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). Here we have used ILs as precatalysts in the addition of &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated aldehydes to chalcones to form 1,6-ketoesters, incorporating an anti-diphenyl moiety in a highly stereoselective fashion. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and several functional groups and heteroaromatics can be integrated into the ketoester backbone in generally good yields with maintained stereoselectivity. The reaction protocol is robust and scalable. The starting materials are inexpensive and the products can be obtained after simple filtration, avoiding solvent-demanding chromatography. Furthermore, the IL can be recycled up to 5 times without any loss of reactivity. Moreover, the 1,6-ketoester end product is a potent gelator in several hydrocarbon based solvents. The method enables rapid access to and evaluation of a new class of low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) from recyclable and inexpensive starting materials.

Ionic liquids (ILs) mediate fast, simple and cheap access to 1,6-ketoesters in high diastereoselectivities and good yields. The reaction protocol is robust and the 1,6-ketoesters can be obtained in gram scale after a simple filtration protocol. Moreover, the 1,6-ketoesters are potent gelators in hydrocarbon solvents.

סינתזה מאוד Stereoselective של 1,6-Ketoesters מתווכת על ידי נוזלים יוניים: תגובת שלושה רכיבי הפעלה מהירה גישה לסוג חדש של נמוך Gelators משקל המולקולרי

In organic chemistry ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as safe and recyclable reaction solvents. In the presence of a base ILs can be deprotonated to form ...

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated aromatic compounds remains a formidable challenge in organic synthesis. Conventional approaches often suffer from poor substrate scope, or require use of highly toxic, difficult-to-handle, and/or thermally labile reagents. Herein, we report a user-friendly protocol for the synthesis of methyl 4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate using 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (Togni reagent II). Treating methyl 4-(N-hydroxyacetamido)benzoate (1a) with Togni reagent II in the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) in chloroform at RT afforded methyl 4-(N-(trifluoromethoxy)acetamido)benzoate (2a). This intermediate was then converted to the final product methyl 4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate (3a) in nitromethane at 120 &#176;C. This procedure is general and can be applied to the synthesis of a broad spectrum of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives, which could serve as useful synthetic building blocks for the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials.

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

An operationally simple procedure for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethoxylated aniline derivatives via a two-step sequence of O-trifluoromethylation of N-aryl-N-hydroxyacetamide followed by thermally induced intramolecular OCF3-migration is reported.

פרוטוקול לסינתזה של<em&gt; Ortho</em&gt; נגזרי אנילין -trifluoromethoxylated

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Direct cross-coupling between two alkenes via vinylic C-H bond activation represents an efficient strategy for the synthesis of butadienes with high atomic and step economy. However, this functionality-directed cross-coupling reaction has not been developed, as there are still limited directing groups in practical use. In particular, a stoichiometric amount of oxidant is usually required, producing a large amount of waste. Due to our interest in novel 1,3-butadiene synthesis, we describe the ruthenium-catalyzed olefination of electron-deficient alkenes using allyl acetate and without external oxidant. The reaction of 2-phenyl acrylamide and allyl acetate was chosen as a model reaction, and the desired diene product was obtained in 80% isolated yield with good stereoselectivity (Z,E/Z,Z = 88:12) under optimal conditions: [Ru(p-cymene) Cl2]2 (3 mol %) and AgSbF6 (20 mol %) in DCE at 110 &#186;C for 16 h. With the optimized catalytic conditions in hand, representative &#945;- and/or &#946;-substituted acrylamides were investigated, and all reacted smoothly, regardless of aliphatic or aromatic groups. Also, differently N-substituted acrylamides have proven to be good substrates. Moreover, we examined the reactivity of different allyl derivatives, suggesting that the chelation of acetate oxygen to the metal is crucial for the catalytic process. Deuterium-labeled experiments were also conducted to investigate the reaction mechanism. Only Z-selective H/D exchanges on acrylamide were observed, indicating a reversible cyclometalation event. In addition, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 3.2 was observed in the intermolecular isotopic study, suggesting that the olefinic C-H metalation step is probably involved in the rate-determining step.

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

The ruthenium-catalyzed olefination of electron-deficient alkenes with allyl acetate is described here. By using aminocarbonyl as a directing group, this external oxidant-free protocol has high efficiency and good stereo- and regioselectivity, opening a novel synthetic route to (Z,E)-butadiene skeletons.

הכנת פסילי (2)<em&gt; Z</em&gt; 4<em&gt; ה</em&gt;) - Dienamides על ידי Olefination של אלקנים אלקטרון לקוי עם Allyl אצטט

Direct cross-coupling between two alkenes via vinylic C-H bond activation represents an efficient strategy for the synthesis of butadienes with high ...

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Decomposition of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with rhodium(II) acetate dimer in the presence of alcohols forms synthetically versatile N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides, which react under a variety of conditions to afford useful N- and O-containing compounds. Acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols or thiols to N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide-containing phthalans provides access to ketals and thioketals, respectively. Selective reduction of the vinyl group in N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide-containing phthalans via hydrogenation yields the corresponding phthalan in good yield, whereas reduction with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminumhydride generates a ring-opened phenethylamine analogue. Because the N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide functional group is synthetically versatile, but often hydrolytically unstable, this protocol emphasizes key techniques in preparing, handling, and reacting these pivotal substrates in several useful transformations.

Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Representative experimental procedures for the synthesis of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides and subsequent conversion to phthalan and phenethylamine derivatives are presented in detail.

הכנת N-(2-alkoxyvinyl) sulfonamides N- tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles, הבאים ההמרה ל שהוחלפו Phthalans ו- Phenethylamines

Decomposition of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with rhodium(II) acetate dimer in the presence of alcohols forms synthetically versatile ...

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

The conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls represents an important method to generate C&#8211;C bonds in the preparation of all-carbon quaternary centers. Though conjugate additions of organometallic reagents are typically performed utilizing highly reactive organolithium or Grignard reagents, organozinc reagents have garnered attention for their enhanced chemoselectivity and mild reactivity. Despite numerous recent advances with more reactive diorganozinc and mixed diorganozinc reagents, the generation of all-carbon quaternary centers via the conjugate addition of functionalized monoorganozinc reagents remains a challenge. This protocol details a convenient and mild &#8220;one-pot&#8221; preparation and copper mediated conjugate addition of functionalized monoorganozinc bromides to cyclic &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls to afford a broad scope of all-carbon quaternary centers in generally excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. Key to the development of this technology is the utilization of DMA as a reaction solvent with TMSCl as a Lewis acid. Notable advantages to this methodology include the operational simplicity of the organozinc reagent preparation afforded by the utilization of DMA as a solvent, as well as an efficient conjugate addition mediated by various Cu(I) and Cu(II) salts. Moreover, an intermediate silyl enol ether can be isolated utilizing a modified workup procedure. The substrate scope is limited to cyclic unsaturated ketones, and the conjugate addition is impeded by stabilized (e.g., allyl, enolate, homoenolate) and sterically encumbered (e.g., neopentyl, o-aryl) monoorganozinc reagents. Conjugate additions to five- and seven-membered rings were effective, albeit in lower yields compared with six-membered ring substrates.

A simple and practical protocol for the efficient conjugate addition of functionalized monoorganozinc bromides to cyclic &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls to furnish all-carbon quaternary centers was developed.

סינתזה יעילה של מרכזי הפחמן הדו הדו באמצעות התוספת המשלים של מונואורגאורומטוזיס

The conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated carbonyls represents an important method to generate C&#8211;C bonds in the ...

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

A synthetic process for the preparation of a variety of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines was developed. The microwave-mediated nature of this method makes it efficient in both time and resources and utilizes water as the solvent. 3-Aminocrotononitrile or an appropriate &#945;-cyanoketone is combined with an aryl hydrazine and dissolved in 1 M HCl. The mixture is then heated in a microwave reactor at 150 &#176;C, typically for 10-15 min. The product can be readily obtained by basifying the solution with 10% NaOH and isolating the desired compound with a simple vacuum filtration. The use of water as a solvent in this reaction lends to its ease and utility in production, and this method is easily reproducible with a variety of functional groups. Typical isolated yields range from 70-90%, and reactions can be performed on the milligram to gram scale with little to no change in observed yields. Some of the applications of these molecules and their derivatives include pesticides, anti-malarials, and chemotherapeutics, among many others.

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines are prepared from aryl hydrazines combined with either 3-aminocrotononitrile or an &#945;-cyanoketone in a 1 M HCl solution using a microwave reactor. Most reactions are done in 10-15 minutes and pure product can be obtained via vacuum filtration with typical isolated yields of 70-90%.

הכנת בעזרת מיקרוגל של 1-Aryl-1H-קורטידול-5-amines

A synthetic process for the preparation of a variety of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines was developed. The microwave-mediated nature of this method makes it ...

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

aza-Michael adducts of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron are synthesized by two different methods. Primary aliphatic amines and cyclic secondary amines participate in a direct aza-Michael reaction with tricarbonyl(tropone)iron under solvent-free conditions. Less nucleophilic aniline derivatives and more hindered secondary amines add efficiently to the cationic tropone complex formed by protonation of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron. While the protocol utilizing the cationic complex is less efficient overall for accessing the aza-Michael adducts than the direct, solvent-free addition to the neutral complex, it allows the use of a broader range of amine nucleophiles. Following protection of the amine of the aza-Michael adduct as a tert-butyl carbamate, the diene is decomplexed from the iron tricarbonyl fragment upon treatment with cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate to provide derivatives of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one. These products can serve as precursors to diverse compounds containing a seven-membered carbocyclic ring. Because the demetallation requires protection of the amine as a carbamate, the aza-Michael adducts of secondary amines cannot be decomplexed using the protocol described here.

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyltroponeiron

Representative experimental procedures for the addition of amine nucleophiles to tricarbonyl(tropone)iron and subsequent demetallation of the resulting complexes are presented in detail.

הכנת 6-האמילוציהועד 2, 4-דיין-1-הנגזרים באמצעות טריקרבוניל (טרופון) ברזל

aza-Michael adducts of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron are synthesized by two different methods. Primary aliphatic amines and cyclic secondary amines participate ...

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

CO2 transformations using a one-pot two-step method are presented herein. The purpose of the method is to give access to a variety of value-added products and notably to generate chiral carbon centers. The crucial first step consists in the selective double hydroboration of CO2 catalyzed by an iron hydride complex. The product obtained with this 4 e- reduction is a rare bis(boryl)acetal, compound 1, which is subjected in situ to three different reactions in a second step. The first reaction concerns a condensation reaction with (diisopropyl)phenylamine affording the corresponding imine 2. In the second and third reaction, intermediate 1 reacts with triazol-5-ylidene (Enders&#39; carbene) to afford compounds 3 or 4, depending on the reaction conditions. In both compounds, C-C bonds are formed, and chiral centers are generated from CO2 as the only source of carbon. Compound 4 exhibits two chiral centers obtained in a diastereoselective manner in a formose-type mechanism. We proved that the remaining boryl fragment plays a key role in this unprecedented stereocontrol. The interest of the method stands on the reactive and versatile nature of 1, giving rise to various complex molecules from a single intermediate. The complexity of a two-step method is compensated by the overall short reaction time (2 h for the larger reaction time), and mild reaction conditions (25 &#176;C to 80 &#176;C and 1 to 3 atm of CO2).

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

CO2 transformations are conducted in a one-pot two-step procedure for the synthesis of complex molecules. The selective 4 e- reduction of CO2 with a hydroborane reductant affords a reactive and versatile bis(boryl)acetal intermediate which is subsequently involved in condensation reaction or carbene-mediated C-C coupling generation.

CO רב-תכליתי2 העתקות לתוך מוצרים מורכבים: אחד-סיר 2-צעד אסטרטגיה

CO2 transformations using a one-pot two-step method are presented herein. The purpose of the method is to give access to a variety of value-added products ...

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

Heteroarylation introduces heteroaryl fragments to organic molecules. Despite the numerous available reactions reported for arylation via transition metal catalysis, the literature on direct heteroarylation is scarce. The presence of heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen often make heteroarylation a challenging research field due to catalyst poisoning, product decomposition and the rest. This protocol details a highly efficient direct &#945;-C(sp3) heteroarylation of ketones under microwave irradiation. Key factors for successful heteroarylation include the use of XPhos Palladacycle Gen. 4 Catalyst, excess base to suppress side reactions and the high temperature and pressure achieved in a sealed reaction vial under microwave irradiation. The heteroarylation compounds prepared by this method were fully characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). This methodology has several advantages over literature precedents including broad substrate scope, rapid reaction time, greener procedure and operational simplicity by eliminating the preparation of intermediates such as silyl enol ether. Possible applications for this protocol include, but are not limited to, diversity-oriented synthesis for the discovery of biologically active small molecules, domino synthesis for the preparation of natural products and ligand development for new transition metal catalytic systems.

Heteroaryl compounds are important molecules utilized in organic synthesis, medicinal and biological chemistry. A microwave-assisted heteroarylation using palladium catalysis provides a rapid and efficient method to attach heteroaryl moieties directly to ketone substrates.

מיקרוגל בסיוע ישיר הטרולציה של Ketones באמצעות מתכת מעבר זרז

Heteroarylation introduces heteroaryl fragments to organic molecules. Despite the numerous available reactions reported for arylation via transition metal ...

סיר אחד בסיוע מיקרוגל ההמרה של חנקת Anomeric-אסטרים Trichloroacetimidates

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