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Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

11 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Biology

Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Using the STEMCCA Lentiviral Vector
Andreia Gianotti Sommer 1, Sarah S. Rozelle 1, Spencer Sullivan 2, Jason A. Mills 3, Seon-Mi Park 1, Brenden W. Smith 1, Amulya M. Iyer 1, Deborah L. French 3, Darrell N. Kotton 1, Paul Gadue 3, George J. Murphy 1, Gustavo Mostoslavsky 1
1Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University School of Medicine, 2Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Here we show a simple and effective protocol for the generation of human iPSCs from 3-4 ml of peripheral blood using a single lentiviral reprogramming vector. Reprogramming of readily available blood cells promises to accelerate the utilization of iPSC technology by making it accessible to a broader research community.

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Neuroscience

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Colin J. Smith 1,2, Brian N. Johnson 1, Jaclynn A. Elkind 1, Jill M. See 1, Guoxiang Xiong 1, Akiva S. Cohen 1,3
1Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

A multi-faceted approach to investigating functional changes to hippocampal circuitry is explained. Electrophysiological techniques are described along with the injury protocol, behavioral testing and regional dissection method. The combination of these techniques can be applied in similar fashion for other brain regions and scientific questions.

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Biology

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors
Jesse J. Hubbard 1, Spencer K. Sullivan 2, Jason A. Mills 3, Brian J. Hayes 1, Beverly J. Torok-Storb 1, Aravind Ramakrishnan 1
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 2Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood using an episome based reprogramming strategy and histone deacetylase inhibitors.

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Genetics

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
Clark Fritsch 1,2, Jean-Francois Pierre Gout 3,4, Marc Vermulst 1
1Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 3Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University

This protocol provides researchers with a new tool to monitor the fidelity of transcription in multiple model organisms.

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Developmental Biology

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model
Nicholas J. Ahn 1, John D. Stratigis 1, Barbara E. Coons 1, Alan W. Flake 1, Hyun-Duck Nah-Cederquist 2, William H. Peranteau 1
1Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

We describe a protocol for performing an in utero transplantation (IUT) through intravenous and intra-amniotic routes of injection in the murine model. This protocol can be used to introduce cells, viral vectors, and other substances into the unique immune-tolerant fetal environment.

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Medicine

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
Jing Liu 1,2, Roberto Copetti 3, Erich Sorantin 4, Jovan Lovrenski 5, Javier Rodriguez-Fanjul 6, Dalibor Kurepa 7, Xing Feng 8, Luigi Cattaross 9, Huayan Zhang 10,11, Misun Hwang 12, Tsu F. Yeh 13,14, Yisrael Lipener 7, Abhay Lodha 15, Jia-Qin Wang 16, Hai-Ying Cao 2,17, Cai-Bao Hu 2,18, Guo-Rong Lyu 19, Xin-Ru Qiu 1,2, Li-Qun Jia 20, Xiao-Man Wang 20, Xiao-Ling Ren 1,2, Jiu-Ye Guo 1,2, Yue-Qiao Gao 1,2, Jian-Jun Li 1,2, Ying Liu 1,2, Wei Fu 1,2, Yan Wang 21, Zu-Lin Lu 1,2, Hua-Wei Wang 8, Li-Li Shang 22
1Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, 2The Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Base, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound, 3Emergency Department, Cattinara University Hospital, 4Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 5Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Radiology Department, Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of Vojvodina, 6Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Service Hospital Joan XXIII Tarragona, University Rovira i Virgil, 7Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 8Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 9Department of Neonatology, Udine University Hospital, 10Center for Newborn Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 11Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 12Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 13Division of Neonatology and NICU, Cook County Children's Hospital, University of Illinois, 14Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University, 15Department of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 16Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 17Department of Ultrasound, GE Healthcare, 18Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Hospital, 19Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, 20Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, 21Department of Neonatology and NICU, Tai'an City Central Hospital of Shandong Province, 22Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine

Lung ultrasound is a noninvasive and valuable tool for bedside evaluation of neonatal lung diseases. However, a relative lack of reference standards, protocols and guidelines may limit its application. Here, we aim to develop a standardized neonatal lung ultrasound diagnostic protocol to be used in clinical decision-making.

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Bioengineering

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
Jenni Firrman 1, LinShu Liu 1, Pieter Van den Abbeele 2, Ceylan Tanes 3, Kyle Bittinger 3, Peggy Tomasula 1
1Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2ProDigest, 3Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Here, we present a protocol for culturing the gut microbiota of the colon in vitro, using a series of bioreactors that simulate the physiological conditions of the gastro intestinal tract.

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Genetics

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Fabian L. Cardenas-Diaz *1, Jean Ann Maguire *1, Paul Gadue 1,2,3, Deborah L. French 1,2,3
1Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

This protocol provides a method to facilitate the generation of defined heterozygous or homozygous nucleotide changes using CRISPR-CAS9 in human pluripotent stem cells.

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JoVE Core

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
Jing Liu 1,2, Dalibor Kurepa 3, Francesco Feletti 4,5, Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena 6, Jovan Lovrenski 7, Roberto Copetti 8, Erich Sorantin 9, Javier Rodriguez-Fanjul 10, Karishma Katti 3, Andrea Aliverti 4, Huayan Zhang 11,12, Misun Hwang 13, Tsu F. Yeh 14, Cai-Bao Hu 15, Xing Feng 16, Ru-Xin Qiu 1,2, Jing-Han Chi 17, Li-Li Shang 18, Guo-Rong Lyu 19, Shao-Zheng He 20, Yan-Fen Chai 21, Zhan-Jun Qiu 22, Hai-Ying Cao 2,23, Yue-Qiao Gao 1,2, Xiao-Ling Ren 1,2, Guo Guo 1,24, Li Zhang 1,2, Ying Liu 1,2, Wei Fu 1,2, Zu-Lin Lu 1,2, Hong-Lei Li 1,2
1Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, 2The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Base, 3Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 4Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 5Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Ausl della Romagna, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, 6Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of Vojvodina, 8Emergency Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 9Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 10Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Service Hospital Joan XXIII Tarragona, University Rovira i Virgil, 11Center for Newborn Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 12Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 13Section of Neonatal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 14Maternal Child Health Research institute, Taipei Medical University and China Medical University, 15Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Hospital, 16Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 17Department of Neonatology and NICU, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 18Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 19Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, 20Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 21Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 22Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 23Department of Ultrasound, GE Healthcare, 24The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital

Pneumothorax is a common emergency and critical disease in newborn infants that needs rapid, clear diagnosis and timely treatment. Diagnosis and treatment based on chest X-rays are associated with delayed management and radiation damage. Lung ultrasound (US) provides useful guidance for rapid, accurate diagnosis and the precise thoracentesis of pneumothorax.

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Cancer Research

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
Jody Fromm Longo 1, Stephanie N. Brosius 2,3, Steven L. Carroll 1
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 2Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, 3Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Here, we present a protocol for performing gene knockouts that are embryonic lethal in vivo in genetically engineered mouse model-derived tumors and then assessing the effect that the knockout has on tumor growth, proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and the transcriptome in vitro and in vivo.

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Developmental Biology

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Mutant Whole Mouse Embryos: From the Epiblast to the End of Gastrulation
Elizabeth Abraham 1, Mikel Zubillaga 1, Thomas Roule 2, Eleonora Stronati 3, Naiara Akizu 2, Conchi Estaras 1
1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 2Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

This paper establishes a pipeline for high-quality single-cell and nuclei suspensions of gastrulating mouse embryos for sequencing of single cells and nuclei.

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