Medical University of Graz

We present a protocol for structural and compositional analysis of natural oral biofilm from orthodontic appliances with in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Oral biofilm samples were collected from palatal expanders, scraping acrylic-resin flakes off their surface and referring them for molecular processing.

This manuscript presents protocols for the application of novel genetically encoded nitric oxide (NO•) probes (geNOps) to monitor single cell NO• fluctuations in real-time using fluorescence microscopy. The Ca²⁺-triggered NO• formation on the level of individual endothelial cells was visualized by combining geNOps with a chemical Ca²⁺ sensor.

Changes in the oral microbiome throughout childhood are of growing interest. Comparison of different microbiome studies reveals a lack of standardized sampling protocols. Limited space makes sampling the sound subgingival sulcus of children challenging. Paper point sampling is presented here in detail as the method of choice for this area.

This protocol is to recover and prepare rare target cells from a mixture with non-target background cells for molecular genetic characterization at the single-cell level. DNA quality is equal to non-treated single cells and allows for single-cell application (both screening based and targeted analysis).

Here we describe and compare two positions for obtaining the apical four-chamber view in mice. These positions enable the quantification of the right ventricular function, provide comparable results, and can be used interchangeably.

We introduce a novel workflow for electron microscopy investigations of brain tissue. The method allows the user to examine neuronal features in an unbiased fashion. For elemental analysis, we also present a script that automatizes most of the workflow for randomized sampling.

Here, we describe the staining of blood vessels using latex milk injections. This procedure provides anatomical knowledge of the oral blood supply for detailed macroscopic vascular mapping of the oral mucosa, as well as understanding of proper flap design to prevent complications and promote postoperative wound healing.

The present protocol describes the preparation and quantitative measurement of free and protein-bound arginine and methyl-arginines by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.

Novel strategies to faithfully model somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are necessary to better study hematopoietic stem cell biology and hematological malignancies. Here, a protocol to model heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in HSPCs by combining the use of CRISPR/Cas9 and dual rAAV donor transduction is described.

Here is a protocol for culturing placental explants under constant flow conditions. This approach enhances traditional static villous culture systems by enabling the replication of dynamic physiological environments.