Here, a critical hindlimb ischemia experimental model is presented followed by a battery of functional, histologic and molecular tests to assess the effectiveness of angiogenic therapies.
A non-invasive protocol for transthoracic echocardiography assessment of cardiac anatomy and function for adult rats is presented in the current study. The heart valves, all four cardiac chambers and the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta are studied in detail.