Vorremmo ringraziare Renee L. Pasker e Harpreet K. Brar per l&#39;assistenza tecnica di esperti sui protocolli descritti in questo lavoro. Inoltre, vorremmo riconoscere il mentoring di Christopher B. Newgard alla Duke University e Alan D. Attie presso l&#39;Università del Wisconsin-Madison, con il supporto dei loro membri di laboratorio, che ci ha permesso il tempo e il supporto necessario per ottimizzare l&#39; protocolli descritti. In particolare, ringraziamo Hans HOHMEIER, Danhong Lu, e Helena Winfield nel Laboratorio Newgard e Maria Rabaglia nel Laboratorio Attie per le discussioni produttive e consigli. Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto da NIH DK080845 sovvenzione e Juvenile Diabetes 594 Research Foundation concessione 17-2011-608 (a MEK)

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Con la prevalenza di diabete proiettate a pregiudicare il 7,7% della popolazione mondiale, l&#39;esigenza di nuove tecniche di ricerca è fondamentale sia per capire e curare il diabete 18. L&#39;attuale isolamento delle isole è un protocollo ben consolidata utilizzati per la sperimentazione in vitro ed è stato presentato in precedenza con lievi modifiche 11,14,16. Anche se la secrezione di insulina è un&#39;applicazione a valle comune di isole isolate, concentrandosi su componenti a mo...

La rigorosa manutenzione di euglicemia è indispensabile per evitare morbosità come la neuropatia, nefropatia e retinopatia, che sono tutte caratteristiche della patologia di incontrollata di tipo 1 e 2 il diabete 1. Funzione β-cellulare ridotto e di massa sia di tipo 1 e diabete 2 perturbano le concentrazioni di glucosio nel sangue 2. Considerando che tipo immuno-mediata 1 diabete risultati da una perdita devastante di β-cellule che producono insulina, alterata secrezione di insulina β-cellulare e la segnalazione periferica all&#39;insulina nel diabete di tipo 2 insieme promuovono iperglicemia, dislipidemia, e aumento della produzione epatica di glucosio, che alla fine si traduce in sia la perdita della massa β-cellulare e la secrezione di insulina capacità da singoli β-cellule 3. La comprensione dei meccanismi alla base β-cellule nella progressione di tipo 1 e diabete 2 si spera, darà luogo a nuove terapie per prevenire e curare queste malattie. In vitro timodelli di coltura SSUE, come l&#39;INS-1 e MIN6 immortalati linee di β-cellule, possono essere strumenti utili per la comprensione delle funzioni β-cellulari specifici. Tuttavia, le interazioni tra i diversi tipi cellulari all&#39;interno isolotto si possono regolare la funzione β-cellulare. Ad esempio, l&#39;influenza paracrina di glucagone (rilasciato da α-cellule) e somatostatina (rilasciato da δ-cellule) in aumentando e diminuendo la secrezione di insulina, rispettivamente, dimostra l&#39;importanza della prossimità cella cella nella risposta endocrina 4. Inoltre, giunzioni gap tra β-cellule potenziano il rilascio di insulina 5. Inoltre, sebbene progressi sono stati fatti nel generare linee insulinoma che meglio replicato la risposta fisiologica di isole isolate al glucosio (ad esempio, l&#39;INS-1-derivato 832/13 e 832/3 linee cellulari), la rispondenza glucosio differenti rispetto ratto normale isolotti 6,7. Inoltre, la risposta di queste linee cellulari clonali insulinomaal peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonisti glucagone-simile possono differire notevolmente l&#39;uno dall&#39;altro, così come da isolotti normali 6. Pertanto, le linee cellulari immortalizzate non possono rappresentare il modello migliore per saggiare gli agenti che hanno un impatto sulla produzione di cAMP. In contrasto con le linee cellulari derivate insulinoma, studiando funzione β-cellula esclusivamente in modelli animali interi offre una propria serie di complicazioni. Una delle maggiori sfide nel lavoro con tessuto endocrino sta misurando la concentrazione precisa di ormone rilasciato. In particolare, il fegato gioca un ruolo importante metabolizzare insulina, e il pancreas flusso sanguigno va direttamente al fegato. Così, una misura insulinemia non può ritrarre con precisione le quantità di insulina essere secreti dal pancreas stesso o l&#39;impatto di trattamenti diversi sul tasso di secrezione insulinica 8. Inoltre, il metabolismo renale di glucagone può limitare l&#39;affidabilità di uscita glucagone dall&#39;Islet α-cellule 9. Pertanto, isolando isole primari di topo per la sperimentazione in vitro fornisce una comprensione più precisa di come l&#39;isolotto sta rispondendo a stimoli specifici per integrare le misurazioni effettuate in vivo. Il presente protocollo per l&#39;isolamento di isole di topo è un protocollo ben consolidata utilizzato da un certo numero di gruppi (con lievi modifiche che possono contribuire ad aumentare il successo) 10,11. Inoltre, la determinazione della produzione di cAMP consente una lettura diretta della reattività incretin delle β-cellule. In combinazione con la misurazione cAMP, contenuto proteico e la secrezione di insulina possono anche essere quantificato dal medesimo preparazione del campione cAMP, contribuendo a determinare se un difetto nella funzione β-cellula si trova prossimale o distale di cAMP 10. Il contenuto di cAMP e l&#39;applicazione finale secrezione insulinica in questo protocollo può essere uno strumento molto potente per comprendere l&#39;influenza delle componenti farmaceutici, alimentari, tra l&#39;altros, in cAMP e la secrezione di insulina. Oltre alla stimolazione da solo glucosio, altri composti possono essere utilizzati per misurare le variazioni di cAMP e secrezione insulinica 10,11. Infine, anche se l&#39;insulina è il principale ormone che saggio da isole isolate, altri ormoni, quali il glucagone e la somatostatina, così come le citochine, eicosanoidi e adenosina monofosfato ciclico, può anche essere misurata, mediante un saggio stimolazione transiente o quantificazione di ai livelli del terreno di coltura 12. Infine, anche se al di fuori del campo di applicazione di questo manoscritto, isolamento delle isole con il metodo di isolamento collagenasi descritto consente per la conservazione isolotto in modo che molte altre applicazioni a valle possono essere perseguiti, come il trapianto di isole, l&#39;isolamento di RNA per quantitativa in tempo reale PCR o microarray analisi, proteine isolamento per Western blotting, isolotto incorporamento e di imaging immunofluorescenza, e l&#39;incorporazione di [3H]-timidina come misura di replicazione delle cellule insularizione, alcuni dei quali sono stati descritti in precedenti articoli JoVE 13-16. Nel complesso, seguendo la procedura di isolamento delle isole descritta nel protocollo può fornire un ricercatore con informazioni importanti e utili per lo sviluppo di terapie e promuovere la scoperta di farmaci volti a migliorare la funzione β-cellulare.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="502">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:235px;">Collagenase: Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum suitable for isolating active islets</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C7657</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Ficoll 400</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F9378</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td>14065-056</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Hepes</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">RPMI 1640 (powder)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">31800-022</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Albumin from Bovine Serum (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7888</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">3/0 Silk Suture Thread</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18020-30</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Dumont #5 Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">0.8 mm Forceps&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">11050-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Curved Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14061-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:235px;">Vannas-T&#252;bingen Spring Scissors - Straight/Sharp/8.5 cm/5 mm Cutting Edge</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15003-08</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14002-14</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">5ml BD Luer-Lok Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">309646</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">1ml BD syringe</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">309628</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">30 G BD Needle 1/2&#34; Length</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">305106</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">27 G BD Needle 1/2&#34; Length</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">305109</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Sharpening Stone</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">29008-01</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">2-2-2 tribromoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">T48402-25G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">2-methyl-2-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>240486-100mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3911</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:235px;">Monopotassium Phosphate (KH2PO4)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P0662</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">Sodium Bicarbonate (NaCHO3)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">S6014</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">CaCl2 *2H2O</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C3881</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">MgSO4 *7H2O</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">M9397</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15140-122</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:235px;">Heat Inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (H.I. FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">SH30088.03HI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">5879-100MG</td>
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a method for mouse pancreatic islet isolation and intracellular camp determination

La glicemia incontrollata è una caratteristica del diabete mellito e promuove patologie come la neuropatia, nefropatia e retinopatia. Con la crescente prevalenza del diabete, sia immuno-mediata di tipo 1 e obesità legati tipo 2, gli studi volti a delineare fisiopatologia del diabete e dei meccanismi terapeutici sono di importanza critica. I β-cellule delle isole pancreatiche di Langerhans sono responsabili opportunamente secrezione di insulina in risposta a concentrazioni di glucosio nel sangue. Oltre al glucosio e altri nutrienti, i β-cellule sono stimolate dagli ormoni specifici, incretins, che sono secreti dall&#39;intestino in risposta ai pasti e agire sui recettori β-cellule che aumentano la produzione intracellulare di adenosina monofosfato ciclico (definito cAMP). Diminuzione della funzione β-cellulare, massa, e la reattività incretine sono ben compresi, per contribuire alla fisiopatologia del diabete di tipo 2, e sono anche sempre più collegate with diabete di tipo 1. L&#39;attuale topo isolamento delle isole e il protocollo determinazione cAMP possono essere uno strumento per aiutare a delineare i meccanismi che promuovono la progressione della malattia e gli interventi terapeutici, in particolare quelli che sono mediate dai recettori incretine o recettori che agiscono attraverso la modulazione della produzione di cAMP intracellulare legato. Mentre saranno descritte soltanto misurazioni cAMP, il protocollo di isolamento isolotto descritto crea un preparato pulito che consente anche per molte altre applicazioni a valle, come il glucosio stimolata la secrezione di insulina, [3 H]-timidina, proteine ​​abbondanza, e l&#39;espressione di mRNA.

Per garantire un alto rendimento isolotto durante l&#39;isolamento, tecniche chirurgiche descritte nel protocollo devono essere seguiti attentamente. Sebbene le tecniche qui presentate saranno su misura per ogni laboratorio, ci sono alcuni passaggi critici che porterà ad un isolamento di successo. Al fine di rendere il dotto biliare comune facilmente accessibile, si raccomanda che gli organi spostati a destra del mouse (Figura 1). Inoltre, questo permetterà il pancreas a gonfiare con una quantità inf...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination at JoVE.com

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Saggio funzione in vitro β-cellulare utilizzando isolate del mouse isole di Langerhans è una componente importante nello studio della fisiopatologia del diabete e terapeutica. Mentre molte applicazioni a valle sono disponibili, questo protocollo descrive specificamente la misurazione di intracellulare adenosina monofosfato ciclico (cAMP) come parametro essenziale determinare la funzione β-cellulare.

Un metodo per l&#39;isolamento del mouse isole pancreatiche e intracellulare cAMP Determinazione

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

65.0K Views.  University of Wisconsin-Madison.  Saggio funzione in vitro β-cellulare utilizzando isolate del mouse isole di Langerhans è una componente importante nello studio della fisiopatologia del diabete e terapeutica. Mentre molte applicazioni a valle sono disponibili, questo protocollo descrive specificamente la misurazione di intracellulare adenosina monofosfato ciclico (cAMP) come parametro essenziale determinare la funzione β-cellulare. 

Video: A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation

Murino pancreatica isolamento Islet

Ricerca

Biologia

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of glucose monitoring and new insulin formulations, many individuals still develop devastating secondary complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore near normal glucose control in diabetic patients 1, without the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes that are associated with intensive insulin therapy. Providing sufficient islet mass is important for successful islet transplantation. However, donor characteristic, organ procurement and preservation affect the isolation outcome 2. At University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) we have developed a successful isolation protocol with an improved purification gradient 3. The program started in January 2004, and more than 300 isolations were performed up to November 2008. The pancreata were sent in cold preservation solutions (UW, University of Wisconsin or HTK, Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate) 4-7 to the Cell Isolation Laboratory at UIC for islet isolation. Pancreatic islets were isolated using the UIC method, which is a modified version of the method originally described by Ricordi et al 8. Briefly, after cleaning the pancreas from the surrounding tissue, it was perfused with enzyme solution (Serva Collagenase + Neutral Protease or Sigma V enzyme). The distended pancreas was then transferred to the Ricordi digestion chamber, connected to a modified, closed circulation tubing system, and warmed up to 37&deg;C. During the digestion, the chamber was shaken gently. Samples were taken continuously to monitor the digestion progress. Once free islets were detected under the microscope, the digestion was stopped by flushing cold (4&deg;C) RPMI dilution solution (Mediatech, Herndon, VA) into the circulation system to dilute the enzyme. After being collected and washed in M199 media supplemented with human albumin, the tissue was sampled for pre-purification count and incubated with UW solution before purification. Purification process will be described in Part II: Purification and Culture of Human Islets.

Achieving high quality and appropriate quantity of human islets is one of the prominent prerequisites for successful islet transplantation. In this video, we describe step by step the procedures for human pancreatic islet isolation (part I: digestion and collection of pancreatic tissue) using a modified automated method.

Isolamento delle isole pancreatiche umane: Parte I: Digestione e Collezione di tessuto pancreatico

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of ...

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part II: Purification and Culture of Human Islets

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of glucose monitoring and new insulin formulations, many individuals still develop devastating secondary complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore near normal glucose control in diabetic patients 1, without the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes that are associated with intensive insulin therapy. Providing sufficient islet mass is important for successful islet transplantation. However, donor characteristics, organ procurement and preservation affect the isolation outcome 2. At University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) we developed a successful isolation protocol with an improved purification gradient 3. The program started in January 2004 and more than 300 isolations were performed up to November 2008. The pancreata were sent in cold preservation solutions (UW, University of Wisconsin or HTK, Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate) 4-7 to the Cell Isolation Laboratory at UIC for islet isolation. Pancreatic islets were isolated using the UIC method, which is a modified version of the method originally described by Ricordi et al 8. As described in Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue, human pancreas was trimmed, cannulated, perfused, and digested. After collection and at least 30 minutes of incubation in UW solution, the tissue was loaded in the cell separator (COBE 2991, Cobe, Lakewood, CO) for purification 3. Following purification, islet yield (expressed as islet equivalents, IEQ), tissue volume, and purity was determined according to standard methods 9. Isolated islets were cultured in CMRL-1066 media (Mediatech, Herndon, VA), supplemented with 1.5% human albumin, 0.1% insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), 1 ml of Ciprofloxacin, 5 ml o f 1M HEPES, and 14.5 ml of 7.5% Sodium Bicarbonate in T175 flasks at 37&deg;C overnight culture before islets were transplanted or used for research.

Achieving high quality and appropriate quantity of human islets is one of the prominent prerequisites for successful islet transplantation. In this video, we describe step by step the procedures for human pancreatic islet isolation (part II: purification and culture of human islets) using a modified automated method.

Isolamento del pancreas umano Islet: Parte II: La purificazione e la cultura di isole umane

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), and delta-cells (somatostatin) that are embedded in the exocrine tissues and comprise 1-2% of the entire pancreas. There is a close correlation between body and pancreas weight. Total beta-cell mass also increases proportionately to compensate for the demand for insulin in the body. What escapes this proportionate expansion is the size distribution of islets. Large animals such as humans share similar islet size distributions with mice, suggesting that this micro-organ has a certain size limit to be functional. The inability of large animal pancreata to generate proportionately larger islets is compensated for by an increase in the number of islets and by an increase in the proportion of larger islets in their overall islet size distribution. Furthermore, islets exhibit a striking plasticity in cellular composition and architecture among different species and also within the same species under various pathophysiological conditions. In the present study, we describe novel approaches for the analysis of biological image data in order to facilitate the automation of analytic processes, which allow for the analysis of large and heterogeneous data collections in the study of such dynamic biological processes and complex structures. Such studies have been hampered due to technical difficulties of unbiased sampling and generating large-scale data sets to precisely capture the complexity of biological processes of islet biology. Here we show methods to collect unbiased "representative" data within the limited availability of samples (or to minimize the sample collection) and the standard experimental settings, and to precisely analyze the complex three-dimensional structure of the islet. Computer-assisted automation allows for the collection and analysis of large-scale data sets and also assures unbiased interpretation of the data. Furthermore, the precise quantification of islet size distribution and spatial coordinates (i.e. X, Y, Z-positions) not only leads to an accurate visualization of pancreatic islet structure and composition, but also allows us to identify patterns during development and adaptation to altering conditions through mathematical modeling. The methods developed in this study are applicable to studies of many other systems and organisms as well.

Novel computer-assisted methods of large-scale procurement and analysis of immunohistochemically stained pancreatic specimens are described: (1) Virtual Slice capture of the entire section; (2) Mass analysis of large-scale data; (3) Reconstruction of 2D Virtual Slices; (4) 3D islet mapping; and (5) Mathematical analysis.

Assistita da computer su larga scala di visualizzazione e quantificazione della Messa di isole pancreatiche, distribuzione delle dimensioni e architettura

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), ...

Mouse Islet of Langerhans Isolation using a Combination of Purified Collagenase and Neutral Protease

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines to the study of isolated rodent islets. Primary islets offer the distinct advantage that they more faithfully reflect the biology of intracellular signaling pathways and secretory responses. Whereas the method of islet isolation using tissue dissociating enzyme (TDE) preparations has been well established in many laboratories1-4, variations in the consistency of islet yield and quality from any given rodent strain limit the extent and feasibility of primary islet studies. These variations often occur as a result of the crude partially purified TDEs used in the islet isolation procedure; TDEs frequently exhibit lot-to-lot variations in activity and often require adjustments to the dose of enzyme used. A small number of reports have used purified TDEs for rodent cell isolations5, 6, but the practice is not widespread despite the routine use and advantages of purified TDEs for human islet isolations. In collaboration with VitaCyte, LLC (Indianapolis, IN), we developed a modified mouse islet isolation protocol based on that described by Gotoh7, 8, in which the TDEs are perfused directly into the pancreatic duct of mice, followed by crude tissue fractionation through a Histopaque gradient9, and isolation of purified islets. A significant difference in our protocol is the use of purified collagenase (CIzyme MA) and neutral protease (CIzyme BP) combination. The collagenase was characterized by the use of a6 fluorescence collagen degrading activity (CDA) assay that utilized fluorescently labeled soluble calf skin fibrils as substrate6. This substrate is more predictive of the kinetics of collagen degradation in the tissue matrix because it relies on native collagen as the substrate. The protease was characterized with a sensitive fluorescent kinetic assay10. Utilizing these improved assays along with more traditional biochemical analysis enable the TDE to be manufactured more consistently, leading to improved performance consistency between lots. The protocol described in here was optimized for maximal islet yield and optimal islet morphology using C57BL/6 mice. During the development of this protocol, several combinations of collagenase and neutral proteases were evaluated at different concentrations, and the final ratio of collagenase:neutral protease of 35:10 represents enzyme performance comparable to Sigma Type XI. Because significant variability in average islet yields from different strains of rats and mice have been reported, additional modifications of the TDE composition should be made to improve the yield and quality of islets recovered from different species and strains.

A detailed description of mouse islet isolation is described using the technique of in situ pancreatic ductal cannulation and perfusion of a combination of purified collagenase and neutral protease.

Mouse Isolotto di Langerhans isolamento utilizzando una combinazione di Collagenasi depurato e proteasi neutra

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

Isolamento e Cultura del mouse principale acinose pancreatiche Cellule

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Near Infrared (NIr) Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and exercise. However, these approaches do not address the underlying causes of balance decline. Using mice, the impact of near infrared light (NIr) on the metabolism of cells in the vestibular sensory epithelium was assessed. Data collected shows that this simple and safe intervention may protect these vulnerable cells from the deleterious effects of natural aging. mRNA was extracted from the isolated peripheral vestibular sensory epithelium (crista ampullaris and utricular macula) and subsequently transcribed into a cDNA library. This library was then probed for the expression of ubiquitous antioxidant (SOD-1). Antioxidant gene expression was then used to quantify cellular metabolism. Using transcranial delivery of NIr in young (4 weeks) and older (8 - 9 months) mice, and a brief treatment regime (90 sec/day for 5 days), this work suggests NIr alone may be sufficient to improve mitochondrial function in the vestibular sensory epithelium. Since there are currently no available, affordable, non-invasive methods of therapy to improve vestibular hair cell function, the application of external NIr radiation provides a potential strategy to counteract the impact of aging on cellular metabolism inthe vestibular sensory epithelium.

Near Infrared NIr Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cellular senescence. This paper uses non-invasive near-infrared (NIr) treatment to improve mitochondrial function in the aging mouse vestibular sensory epithelium.

Vicino infrarosso (NIR) Luce aumenta l&#39;espressione di un marcatore di mitocondriale Funzione nel mouse vestibolare sensoriale Epithelium

Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and ...

A Simple High Efficiency Protocol for Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Mice

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: &#945; cells secrete glucagon, &#946; cells secrete insulin, &#948; cells secrete somatostatin, &#949; cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are &#946; cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. Acquiring high quality islets is of great importance for diabetes research. Most islet isolation procedures require technically difficult to access site of collagenase injection, harsh and complex digestion procedures, and multiple density gradient purification steps. This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. The advantages of this method are the injection of digestive enzyme using the more accessible ampulla of Vater, more complete digestion using combination of enzymatic and mechanical approaches, and a simpler single gradient purification step. This protocol produces approximately 250&#8212;350 islets per mouse; and islets are suitable for various ex vivo studies. Possible caveats of this procedure are potentially damaged islets due to enzymatic digestion and/or prolonged gradient incubation, all of which can be largely avoided by careful ad justification of incubation time.

This islet isolation protocol described a novel route of collagenase injection to digest the exocrine tissue and a simplified gradient procedure to purify the islets from mice. It involves enzymatic digestion, gradient separation/purification, and islet hand-picking. Successful isolation can yield 250&#8211;350 high quality and fully functional islets per mouse.

Un semplice protocollo ad alta efficienza per l'isolamento delle isolozioni pancreatiche dai topi

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other ...

A Method for Islet Transplantation to the Omentum in Mouse

Islet transplantation has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Recent compelling evidence indicates that intravascular islet infusion is far from ideal and therefore, the omentum is re-emerging as a potentially valuable site for islet transplantation. This experiment requires the isolation of high quality islets and the implantation of the islets to the diabetic recipients. Transplantation to the omentum requires surgical steps that can be better demonstrated visually. Here, the detailed steps for this procedure are presented. Two methods of mixing the isolated islets with hydrogel before placing the mixture into the omental pouch of diabetic mice are described here. Different hydrogels are used for the different conditions. Blood glucose levels of diabetic mouse recipients of syngeneic islets in the omentum were monitored for up to 35 days. Some animals were sacrificed after 14 days to perform immuno-histochemical analysis. This pre-clinical transplantation approach can be used as preliminary data leading up to translation to clinical transplantation.

A method for the omental transplantation of islets in a mouse is introduced. The isolated islets are mixed with hydrogel and the mixture is placed into the omental pouch of a diabetic mouse. Then, the blood glucose is monitored, and immuno-histochemical analysis is performed.

Un metodo per il trapianto dell'isolotto al omento in Mouse

Islet transplantation has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Recent compelling evidence indicates that intravascular islet ...

Pancreatic Islet Embedding for Paraffin Sections

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a mixed cell population in a structured architecture that impacts function, and human islets are widely variable in cell type composition. Current frequently used methods to study cultured islets include molecular studies performed on whole islets, lumping disparate islet cell types together, or microscopy or molecular studies on dispersed islet cells, disrupting islet architecture. For in vivo islet studies, paraffin-embedded pancreas sectioning is a powerful technique to assess cell-specific outcomes in the native pancreatic environment. Studying post-culture islets by paraffin sectioning would offer several advantages: detection of multiple outcomes on the same islets (potentially even the exact-same islets, using serial sections), cell-type-specific measurements, and maintaining native islet cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions both during experimental exposure and for analysis. However, existing techniques for embedding isolated islets post-culture are inefficient, time consuming, prone to loss of material, and generally produce sections with inadequate islet numbers to be useful for quantifying outcomes. Clinical pathology laboratory cell block preparation facilities are inaccessible and impractical for basic research laboratories. We have developed an improved, simplified bench-top method that generates sections with robust yield and distribution of islets. Fixed islets are resuspended in warm histological agarose gel and pipetted into a flat disc on a standard glass slide, such that the islets are distributed in a plane. After standard dehydration and embedding, multiple (10+) 4 - 5 &#181;m sections can be cut from the same islet block. Using this method, histological&#160;and immunofluorescent analyses can be performed on mouse, rat, and human islets. This is an effective, inexpensive, time-saving approach to assess cell-type-specific, intact-architecture outcomes from cultured islets.

Ex vivo pancreatic islet studies are important for diabetes research. Existing techniques to study cultured islets in their native 3-dimensional architecture are time consuming, inefficient, and infrequently used. This work describes a new, simple, and efficient method for generating high-quality paraffin sections of whole cultured islets.

Isole pancreatiche incorporamento per sezioni di paraffina

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a ...