Gostaríamos de agradecer a Renee L. Pasker e Harpreet K. Brar para assistência técnica especializada sobre os protocolos descritos neste trabalho. Além disso, gostaríamos de reconhecer a orientação de Christopher B. Newgard na Duke University e Alan D. Attie na Universidade de Wisconsin-Madison, juntamente com o apoio de seus membros de laboratório, o que nos permitiu a tempo e apoio necessários para otimizar o protocolos descritos. Em particular, agradecemos Hans Hohmeier, Danhong Lu, e Helena Winfield no Laboratório Newgard e Maria Rabaglia no Laboratório Attie para discussões produtivas e conselhos. Este trabalho foi financiado pelo NIH DK080845 concessão e diabetes juvenil 594 Fundação de Pesquisa de concessão 17-2011-608 (a MEK)

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Com a prevalência de diabetes projetados para afetar 7,7% da população do mundo, a exigência de novas técnicas de pesquisa é fundamental para entender e tratar a diabetes 18. O presente isolamento de ilhotas é um protocolo bem estabelecido utilizado para experimentação in vitro e tem sido apresentado anteriormente, com ligeiras modificações 11,14,16. Embora a secreção de insulina é uma aplicação comum para a jusante ilhotas isoladas, com foco em componentes a montante, tais...

A manutenção rigorosa de euglicemia é imperativo para evitar morbidades, tais como neuropatia, nefropatia e retinopatia, que são todas as características da patologia da descontrolada tipo 1 e 2 diabetes 1. Função das células-β e de massa em ambos tipo 1 e diabetes 2 perturbar as concentrações de glicose no sangue 2. Considerando tipo imune mediada por uma diabetes resulta de uma perda devastadora de células-β produtoras de insulina, a secreção de insulina das células β prejudicada e sinalização da insulina periférica na diabetes tipo 2 em conjunto promover hiperglicemia, dislipidemia e aumento da produção hepática de glicose, o que acaba por resultar em tanto a perda da capacidade de destruição de células β e secreção de insulina a partir de células individuais β-3. Compreender os mecanismos de células-β subjacentes a progressão da diabetes tipo 1 e 2, esperamos dar origem a novas terapias para prevenir e tratar estas doenças. In vitro timodelos de cultura ssue, tais como o INS-1 e MIN6 linhas de células imortalizadas β, podem ser ferramentas úteis para a compreensão da função das células β específicos. No entanto, as interações entre os diferentes tipos de células dentro da ilhota-se pode regular a função das células β. Por exemplo, a influência parácrina de glucagon (libertado a partir de células-α) e somatostatina (libertado a partir de células-δ) em aumentar e diminuir a secreção de insulina, respectivamente, demonstra a importância da proximidade de células de células na resposta endócrina 4. Além disso, junções entre as células-β potencializar a liberação de insulina 5. Além disso, embora tenham sido feitos progressos na geração de linhas de insulinoma que melhor replicados a resposta fisiológica de ilhéus isolados de glicose (por exemplo, o INS-1 derivado de 832/13 e 832/3 linhas de células), a sua capacidade de resposta de glucose ainda difere do normal de rato ilhotas 6,7. Além disso, a resposta destas linhas celulares de insulinoma clonaisa peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonistas de glucagon-like pode variar drasticamente de uma outra, bem como a partir de ilhéus normais 6. Portanto, as linhas de células imortalizadas podem não representar o melhor modelo para os agentes de ensaio que o impacto sobre a produção de cAMP. Em contraste com as linhas de células derivadas de insulinoma, estudar a função das células β exclusivamente em modelos animais completos oferece o seu próprio conjunto de complicações. Um dos maiores desafios no trabalho com tecido endócrino está medindo a concentração precisa de hormônio liberado. Especificamente, o fígado desempenha um papel importante metabolizar a insulina, e o fluxo de sangue pâncreas vai directamente para o fígado. Assim, uma medição de insulina no plasma podem não descrever com precisão a quantidade de insulina a ser segregadas a partir da própria pâncreas ou o impacto de diferentes tratamentos sobre a taxa de secreção de insulina 8. Além disso, o metabolismo renal do glucagon pode limitar a confiabilidade da produção de glucagon a partir de células dos ilhéus α-9. Portanto, isolar ilhotas principal do mouse para a experimentação in vitro proporciona uma compreensão mais precisa de como a ilhota está respondendo a estímulos específicos para complementar as medições feitas in vivo. O presente protocolo para o isolamento de ilhotas de rato é um protocolo bem estabelecido usado por um número de grupos (com pequenas modificações que podem ajudar a aumentar o sucesso) 10,11. Além disso, a determinação da produção de cAMP permite uma leitura directa da capacidade de resposta das células incretina-β. Em conjunção com a medição de cAMP, teor de proteína e a secreção de insulina pode também ser quantificada a partir da mesma preparação de amostras de cAMP, ajudando a determinar se um defeito na função das células-β reside proximal ou distal em AMPc 10. O conteúdo cAMP final e aplicação da secreção de insulina neste protocolo pode ser uma ferramenta muito poderosa para a compreensão da influência de componentes farmacêuticos e dietéticos, entre outross, em cAMP e secreção de insulina. Além disso a estimulação da glucose sozinha, outros compostos podem ser utilizados para medir as alterações do cAMP e secreção de insulina 10,11. Finalmente, embora a insulina é a hormona primária que ensaiar a partir de ilhotas isoladas, outras hormonas, como o glucagon e somatostatina, assim como citoquinas, e eicosanóides, o monofosfato cíclico de adenosina, pode também ser medida, quer por um ensaio de estimulação transitória ou por quantificação de os seus níveis no meio de cultura 12. Finalmente, embora fora do âmbito deste manuscrito, isolamento de ilhotas com o método de isolamento da colagenase descrita permite a preservação da ilhota de forma que muitas outras aplicações a jusante, pode ser exercida, tal como o transplante de ilhotas, para isolamento de RNA por PCR quantitativo em tempo real ou de microarray análises de proteínas isolamento por Western blot, dos ilhéus incorporação e imagiologia de imunofluorescência, e incorporação de [3H]-timidina como medida de repli antiilhotascação, alguns dos quais têm sido descritas em artigos anteriores JoVE 13-16. No geral, seguindo o procedimento de isolamento das ilhotas descritos no protocolo pode fornecer um pesquisador com informações importantes e úteis para o desenvolvimento de terapias e promover a descoberta de medicamentos destinado a melhorar a função das células β.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="502">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:235px;">Collagenase: Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum suitable for isolating active islets</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C7657</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Ficoll 400</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F9378</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td>14065-056</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Hepes</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">RPMI 1640 (powder)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">31800-022</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Albumin from Bovine Serum (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7888</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">3/0 Silk Suture Thread</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18020-30</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Dumont #5 Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">0.8 mm Forceps&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">11050-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Curved Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14061-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:235px;">Vannas-T&#252;bingen Spring Scissors - Straight/Sharp/8.5 cm/5 mm Cutting Edge</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15003-08</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14002-14</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">5ml BD Luer-Lok Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">309646</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">1ml BD syringe</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">309628</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">30 G BD Needle 1/2&#34; Length</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">305106</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">27 G BD Needle 1/2&#34; Length</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">305109</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Sharpening Stone</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">29008-01</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">2-2-2 tribromoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">T48402-25G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">2-methyl-2-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>240486-100mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3911</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:235px;">Monopotassium Phosphate (KH2PO4)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P0662</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">Sodium Bicarbonate (NaCHO3)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">S6014</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">CaCl2 *2H2O</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C3881</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:235px;">MgSO4 *7H2O</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">M9397</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Invitrogen (Gibco)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15140-122</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:235px;">Heat Inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (H.I. FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">SH30088.03HI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:235px;">3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)</td>
			<td style="width:131px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">5879-100MG</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method for mouse pancreatic islet isolation and intracellular camp determination

Glicemia descontrolada é uma característica da diabetes mellitus e promove morbidades como neuropatia, nefropatia e retinopatia. Com o aumento da prevalência de diabetes, tanto imunomediada tipo 1 e ligado à obesidade do tipo 2, estudos que visam delinear fisiopatologia diabetes e mecanismos terapêuticos são de importância crítica. As células-β dos ilhéus pancreáticos de Langerhans são responsáveis ​​pela apropriadamente secretoras de insulina, em resposta a concentrações elevadas de glicose no sangue. Em adição à glucose e outros nutrientes, as células-β também são estimulados por hormonas específicas, denominado incretinas, que são secretadas a partir do intestino em resposta a uma refeição e agem em receptores de células β que aumentam a produção intracelular de monofosfato de adenosina cíclico ( cAMP). Diminuição da função das células-β, massa e capacidade de resposta incretina são bem compreendidos a contribuir para a fisiopatologia do diabetes tipo 2, e também estão sendo cada vez mais ligada wiª diabetes tipo 1. O presente rato isolamento ilhéu e protocolo determinação cAMP pode ser uma ferramenta para ajudar a delinear os mecanismos que promovem a progressão da doença e intervenções terapêuticas, particularmente aquelas que são mediadas pelos receptores de incretinas ou receptores que atuam através da modulação da produção de cAMP intracelular relacionados. Embora apenas as medições de cAMP será descrito, o protocolo de isolamento de ilhotas descrito cria uma preparação limpa, que permite também a muitas outras aplicações a jusante, incluindo a glicose estimulou a secreção de insulina, [3 H]-timidina, a abundância de proteínas, e a expressão do mRNA.

Para garantir um alto rendimento ilhota durante o isolamento, as técnicas cirúrgicas descritas no protocolo deve ser seguido de perto. Embora as técnicas apresentadas aqui vai ser adaptado para cada laboratório, existem alguns passos críticos que levarão a um isolamento bem sucedido. A fim de tornar o canal biliar comum de fácil acesso, recomenda-se que os órgãos de ser deslocado para o lado direito do rato (Figura 1). Além disso, isto irá permitir que o pâncreas são accionados com uma quan...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination at JoVE.com

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Ensaiando in vitro a função das células β usando o mouse ilhotas isoladas de Langerhans é um componente importante no estudo da fisiopatologia do diabetes e terapêutica. Embora muitas aplicações a jusante estão disponíveis, este protocolo descreve especificamente a medida da intracelular monofosfato cíclico de adenosina (AMPc) como um parâmetro essencial para definir a função das células β.

Um Método para Mouse ilhotas pancreáticas Isolamento e intracelular cAMP Determinação

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing ...

a-method-for-mouse-pancreatic-islet-isolation-intracellular-camp

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

65.0K visualizações.  University of Wisconsin-Madison.  Ensaiando in vitro a função das células β usando o mouse ilhotas isoladas de Langerhans é um componente importante no estudo da fisiopatologia do diabetes e terapêutica. Embora muitas aplicações a jusante estão disponíveis, este protocolo descreve especificamente a medida da intracelular monofosfato cíclico de adenosina (AMPc) como um parâmetro essencial para definir a função das células β. 

Vídeo: A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation

Isolamento Islet murino de pâncreas

Biologia

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of glucose monitoring and new insulin formulations, many individuals still develop devastating secondary complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore near normal glucose control in diabetic patients 1, without the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes that are associated with intensive insulin therapy. Providing sufficient islet mass is important for successful islet transplantation. However, donor characteristic, organ procurement and preservation affect the isolation outcome 2. At University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) we have developed a successful isolation protocol with an improved purification gradient 3. The program started in January 2004, and more than 300 isolations were performed up to November 2008. The pancreata were sent in cold preservation solutions (UW, University of Wisconsin or HTK, Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate) 4-7 to the Cell Isolation Laboratory at UIC for islet isolation. Pancreatic islets were isolated using the UIC method, which is a modified version of the method originally described by Ricordi et al 8. Briefly, after cleaning the pancreas from the surrounding tissue, it was perfused with enzyme solution (Serva Collagenase + Neutral Protease or Sigma V enzyme). The distended pancreas was then transferred to the Ricordi digestion chamber, connected to a modified, closed circulation tubing system, and warmed up to 37&deg;C. During the digestion, the chamber was shaken gently. Samples were taken continuously to monitor the digestion progress. Once free islets were detected under the microscope, the digestion was stopped by flushing cold (4&deg;C) RPMI dilution solution (Mediatech, Herndon, VA) into the circulation system to dilute the enzyme. After being collected and washed in M199 media supplemented with human albumin, the tissue was sampled for pre-purification count and incubated with UW solution before purification. Purification process will be described in Part II: Purification and Culture of Human Islets.

Achieving high quality and appropriate quantity of human islets is one of the prominent prerequisites for successful islet transplantation. In this video, we describe step by step the procedures for human pancreatic islet isolation (part I: digestion and collection of pancreatic tissue) using a modified automated method.

Isolamento Islet humana Pancreatic: Parte I: Digestão e Coleta de tecido pancreático

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of ...

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part II: Purification and Culture of Human Islets

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of glucose monitoring and new insulin formulations, many individuals still develop devastating secondary complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore near normal glucose control in diabetic patients 1, without the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes that are associated with intensive insulin therapy. Providing sufficient islet mass is important for successful islet transplantation. However, donor characteristics, organ procurement and preservation affect the isolation outcome 2. At University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) we developed a successful isolation protocol with an improved purification gradient 3. The program started in January 2004 and more than 300 isolations were performed up to November 2008. The pancreata were sent in cold preservation solutions (UW, University of Wisconsin or HTK, Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate) 4-7 to the Cell Isolation Laboratory at UIC for islet isolation. Pancreatic islets were isolated using the UIC method, which is a modified version of the method originally described by Ricordi et al 8. As described in Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue, human pancreas was trimmed, cannulated, perfused, and digested. After collection and at least 30 minutes of incubation in UW solution, the tissue was loaded in the cell separator (COBE 2991, Cobe, Lakewood, CO) for purification 3. Following purification, islet yield (expressed as islet equivalents, IEQ), tissue volume, and purity was determined according to standard methods 9. Isolated islets were cultured in CMRL-1066 media (Mediatech, Herndon, VA), supplemented with 1.5% human albumin, 0.1% insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), 1 ml of Ciprofloxacin, 5 ml o f 1M HEPES, and 14.5 ml of 7.5% Sodium Bicarbonate in T175 flasks at 37&deg;C overnight culture before islets were transplanted or used for research.

Achieving high quality and appropriate quantity of human islets is one of the prominent prerequisites for successful islet transplantation. In this video, we describe step by step the procedures for human pancreatic islet isolation (part II: purification and culture of human islets) using a modified automated method.

Isolamento Islet humana Pancreatic: Parte II: Purificação e Cultura de Ilhotas Humanos

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), and delta-cells (somatostatin) that are embedded in the exocrine tissues and comprise 1-2% of the entire pancreas. There is a close correlation between body and pancreas weight. Total beta-cell mass also increases proportionately to compensate for the demand for insulin in the body. What escapes this proportionate expansion is the size distribution of islets. Large animals such as humans share similar islet size distributions with mice, suggesting that this micro-organ has a certain size limit to be functional. The inability of large animal pancreata to generate proportionately larger islets is compensated for by an increase in the number of islets and by an increase in the proportion of larger islets in their overall islet size distribution. Furthermore, islets exhibit a striking plasticity in cellular composition and architecture among different species and also within the same species under various pathophysiological conditions. In the present study, we describe novel approaches for the analysis of biological image data in order to facilitate the automation of analytic processes, which allow for the analysis of large and heterogeneous data collections in the study of such dynamic biological processes and complex structures. Such studies have been hampered due to technical difficulties of unbiased sampling and generating large-scale data sets to precisely capture the complexity of biological processes of islet biology. Here we show methods to collect unbiased "representative" data within the limited availability of samples (or to minimize the sample collection) and the standard experimental settings, and to precisely analyze the complex three-dimensional structure of the islet. Computer-assisted automation allows for the collection and analysis of large-scale data sets and also assures unbiased interpretation of the data. Furthermore, the precise quantification of islet size distribution and spatial coordinates (i.e. X, Y, Z-positions) not only leads to an accurate visualization of pancreatic islet structure and composition, but also allows us to identify patterns during development and adaptation to altering conditions through mathematical modeling. The methods developed in this study are applicable to studies of many other systems and organisms as well.

Novel computer-assisted methods of large-scale procurement and analysis of immunohistochemically stained pancreatic specimens are described: (1) Virtual Slice capture of the entire section; (2) Mass analysis of large-scale data; (3) Reconstruction of 2D Virtual Slices; (4) 3D islet mapping; and (5) Mathematical analysis.

Assistida por computador visualização de grande escala e Quantificação da Missa das ilhotas pancreáticas, distribuição de tamanho e Arquitetura

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), ...

Mouse Islet of Langerhans Isolation using a Combination of Purified Collagenase and Neutral Protease

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines to the study of isolated rodent islets. Primary islets offer the distinct advantage that they more faithfully reflect the biology of intracellular signaling pathways and secretory responses. Whereas the method of islet isolation using tissue dissociating enzyme (TDE) preparations has been well established in many laboratories1-4, variations in the consistency of islet yield and quality from any given rodent strain limit the extent and feasibility of primary islet studies. These variations often occur as a result of the crude partially purified TDEs used in the islet isolation procedure; TDEs frequently exhibit lot-to-lot variations in activity and often require adjustments to the dose of enzyme used. A small number of reports have used purified TDEs for rodent cell isolations5, 6, but the practice is not widespread despite the routine use and advantages of purified TDEs for human islet isolations. In collaboration with VitaCyte, LLC (Indianapolis, IN), we developed a modified mouse islet isolation protocol based on that described by Gotoh7, 8, in which the TDEs are perfused directly into the pancreatic duct of mice, followed by crude tissue fractionation through a Histopaque gradient9, and isolation of purified islets. A significant difference in our protocol is the use of purified collagenase (CIzyme MA) and neutral protease (CIzyme BP) combination. The collagenase was characterized by the use of a6 fluorescence collagen degrading activity (CDA) assay that utilized fluorescently labeled soluble calf skin fibrils as substrate6. This substrate is more predictive of the kinetics of collagen degradation in the tissue matrix because it relies on native collagen as the substrate. The protease was characterized with a sensitive fluorescent kinetic assay10. Utilizing these improved assays along with more traditional biochemical analysis enable the TDE to be manufactured more consistently, leading to improved performance consistency between lots. The protocol described in here was optimized for maximal islet yield and optimal islet morphology using C57BL/6 mice. During the development of this protocol, several combinations of collagenase and neutral proteases were evaluated at different concentrations, and the final ratio of collagenase:neutral protease of 35:10 represents enzyme performance comparable to Sigma Type XI. Because significant variability in average islet yields from different strains of rats and mice have been reported, additional modifications of the TDE composition should be made to improve the yield and quality of islets recovered from different species and strains.

A detailed description of mouse islet isolation is described using the technique of in situ pancreatic ductal cannulation and perfusion of a combination of purified collagenase and neutral protease.

Rato Ilhéu de Langerhans isolamento usando uma combinação de colagenase purificada e Protease Neutra

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

Isolamento e Cultura do mouse primárias células pancreáticas acinares

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Near Infrared (NIr) Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and exercise. However, these approaches do not address the underlying causes of balance decline. Using mice, the impact of near infrared light (NIr) on the metabolism of cells in the vestibular sensory epithelium was assessed. Data collected shows that this simple and safe intervention may protect these vulnerable cells from the deleterious effects of natural aging. mRNA was extracted from the isolated peripheral vestibular sensory epithelium (crista ampullaris and utricular macula) and subsequently transcribed into a cDNA library. This library was then probed for the expression of ubiquitous antioxidant (SOD-1). Antioxidant gene expression was then used to quantify cellular metabolism. Using transcranial delivery of NIr in young (4 weeks) and older (8 - 9 months) mice, and a brief treatment regime (90 sec/day for 5 days), this work suggests NIr alone may be sufficient to improve mitochondrial function in the vestibular sensory epithelium. Since there are currently no available, affordable, non-invasive methods of therapy to improve vestibular hair cell function, the application of external NIr radiation provides a potential strategy to counteract the impact of aging on cellular metabolism inthe vestibular sensory epithelium.

Near Infrared NIr Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cellular senescence. This paper uses non-invasive near-infrared (NIr) treatment to improve mitochondrial function in the aging mouse vestibular sensory epithelium.

Infravermelho Próximo (NIR) Luz aumenta a expressão de um marcador da função mitocondrial no mouse Vestibular Sensorial Epithelium

Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and ...

A Simple High Efficiency Protocol for Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Mice

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: &#945; cells secrete glucagon, &#946; cells secrete insulin, &#948; cells secrete somatostatin, &#949; cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are &#946; cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. Acquiring high quality islets is of great importance for diabetes research. Most islet isolation procedures require technically difficult to access site of collagenase injection, harsh and complex digestion procedures, and multiple density gradient purification steps. This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. The advantages of this method are the injection of digestive enzyme using the more accessible ampulla of Vater, more complete digestion using combination of enzymatic and mechanical approaches, and a simpler single gradient purification step. This protocol produces approximately 250&#8212;350 islets per mouse; and islets are suitable for various ex vivo studies. Possible caveats of this procedure are potentially damaged islets due to enzymatic digestion and/or prolonged gradient incubation, all of which can be largely avoided by careful ad justification of incubation time.

This islet isolation protocol described a novel route of collagenase injection to digest the exocrine tissue and a simplified gradient procedure to purify the islets from mice. It involves enzymatic digestion, gradient separation/purification, and islet hand-picking. Successful isolation can yield 250&#8211;350 high quality and fully functional islets per mouse.

Um protocolo de alta eficiência simples para isolamento de Islet pancreático de camundongos

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other ...

A Method for Islet Transplantation to the Omentum in Mouse

Islet transplantation has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Recent compelling evidence indicates that intravascular islet infusion is far from ideal and therefore, the omentum is re-emerging as a potentially valuable site for islet transplantation. This experiment requires the isolation of high quality islets and the implantation of the islets to the diabetic recipients. Transplantation to the omentum requires surgical steps that can be better demonstrated visually. Here, the detailed steps for this procedure are presented. Two methods of mixing the isolated islets with hydrogel before placing the mixture into the omental pouch of diabetic mice are described here. Different hydrogels are used for the different conditions. Blood glucose levels of diabetic mouse recipients of syngeneic islets in the omentum were monitored for up to 35 days. Some animals were sacrificed after 14 days to perform immuno-histochemical analysis. This pre-clinical transplantation approach can be used as preliminary data leading up to translation to clinical transplantation.

A method for the omental transplantation of islets in a mouse is introduced. The isolated islets are mixed with hydrogel and the mixture is placed into the omental pouch of a diabetic mouse. Then, the blood glucose is monitored, and immuno-histochemical analysis is performed.

Um método de transplante de ilhotas para o omento no Mouse

Islet transplantation has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Recent compelling evidence indicates that intravascular islet ...

Pancreatic Islet Embedding for Paraffin Sections

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a mixed cell population in a structured architecture that impacts function, and human islets are widely variable in cell type composition. Current frequently used methods to study cultured islets include molecular studies performed on whole islets, lumping disparate islet cell types together, or microscopy or molecular studies on dispersed islet cells, disrupting islet architecture. For in vivo islet studies, paraffin-embedded pancreas sectioning is a powerful technique to assess cell-specific outcomes in the native pancreatic environment. Studying post-culture islets by paraffin sectioning would offer several advantages: detection of multiple outcomes on the same islets (potentially even the exact-same islets, using serial sections), cell-type-specific measurements, and maintaining native islet cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions both during experimental exposure and for analysis. However, existing techniques for embedding isolated islets post-culture are inefficient, time consuming, prone to loss of material, and generally produce sections with inadequate islet numbers to be useful for quantifying outcomes. Clinical pathology laboratory cell block preparation facilities are inaccessible and impractical for basic research laboratories. We have developed an improved, simplified bench-top method that generates sections with robust yield and distribution of islets. Fixed islets are resuspended in warm histological agarose gel and pipetted into a flat disc on a standard glass slide, such that the islets are distributed in a plane. After standard dehydration and embedding, multiple (10+) 4 - 5 &#181;m sections can be cut from the same islet block. Using this method, histological&#160;and immunofluorescent analyses can be performed on mouse, rat, and human islets. This is an effective, inexpensive, time-saving approach to assess cell-type-specific, intact-architecture outcomes from cultured islets.

Ex vivo pancreatic islet studies are important for diabetes research. Existing techniques to study cultured islets in their native 3-dimensional architecture are time consuming, inefficient, and infrequently used. This work describes a new, simple, and efficient method for generating high-quality paraffin sections of whole cultured islets.

Ilhota pancreatic incorporação para cortes de parafina

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a ...