The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Gli animali sono alloggiati in una struttura senza barriere patogeno. Tutti gli animali ricevono cure umana nel rispetto dei &quot;Principi di cura degli animali da laboratorio&quot; formulate dalla Società Nazionale per la ricerca medica &quot;e la&quot; Guida per la cura e l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio &quot;, preparati dalla National Academy of Sciences e pubblicata dal National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication no. 86-23, rivisto 1985). Tutti gli esperimenti sono approvati dal Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, la Scienza e la Cultura austriaca. 1 Destinatario Preparazione <ol><li> Anestetizzare il destinatario animale con una iniezione im di xilazina (5 mg / kg di peso corporeo) e ketamina (100 mg / kg di peso corporeo). </li><li> Rimuovere tutti i capelli della regione cervicale laterale dell&#39;animale e macchia il campo operatorio tre volte utilizzando chlorhexdine. </li><li> Posizionare il mouse in posizione supina sul campo operatorio. </li><li> Successivo fare una incisione cutanea dal inc giugulareIsion alla mandibola in basso a destra. </li><li> Successivamente, senza mezzi termini mobilitare la giusta vena giugulare esterna (EJV) e dividere i rami tra legature. </li><li> Poi dividere il EJV tra legature avendo cura di lasciare una lunghezza sufficiente per rovesciare il moncone prossimale sul corpo del bracciale. </li><li> Avanti rimuovere il lobo destro della ghiandola sottomandibolare. </li><li> Per l&#39;anastomosi venosa passare l&#39;estremità prossimale del EJV attraverso il bracciale polietilene e fissarlo alla maniglia del bracciale con un micro pinza. </li><li> Rimuovere la legatura alla fine della nave, Evert il lume sopra il bracciale e fissarlo con un 8-0 loop di seta (Figura 1a). </li><li> Successivamente transetto il muscolo sternocleidomastoideo destro con cauterizzazione bipolare per accedere alla carotide comune. </li><li> Successivo mobilitare l&#39;arteria carotide comune e tagliare il vaso tra le legature. </li><li> Successivo mobilitare l&#39;arteria carotide comune e tagliare il vaso tra le legature. </li><li> Passare i disTal fine della nave attraverso il bracciale e fissarla con la fascetta arteria. </li><li> Rimuovere la legatura all&#39;estremità della nave e distendere il lume usando dilatatori vascolari. Successivamente, in analogia al EJV Evert l&#39;arteria sopra il bracciale e fissarlo con un ciclo di 8-0 seta. </li></ol> Procurement 2 Cuore <ol><li> Anestetizzare il topo donatore con un&#39;iniezione im di xilazina (5 mg / kg di peso corporeo) e ketamina (100 mg / kg di peso corporeo). Quindi rimuovere tutti i capelli della regione addominale dell&#39;animale. Scrub il campo operativo tre volte utilizzando chlorhexdine. Posto Avanti il ​​mouse in posizione supina sul campo operatorio come precedentemente descritto. </li><li> A seguito di una incisione addominale mediana, ritrarre i visceri con Q-punte a sinistra, al fine di esporre la vena cava inferiore (IVC). </li><li> Iniettare 400 ml di una 1: soluzione di sodio 4 eparina nella IVC per eparinizzazione. </li><li> Eseguire una toracotomia e piegare la parete toracica anteriore sopra cranialmente per guadagnare access al cuore. </li><li> Quindi, rimuovere il timo e fare sfiato incisioni nella vena cava superiore sinistra e destra. </li><li> Successivamente, profumato cuore in maniera retrograda con 4 ° C la soluzione HTK dalla cannulazione dell&#39;arco aortico con una siringa G 27 a livello del ramo brachiocefalico. </li><li> Legare l&#39;inferiore e vena cava superiore con 8-0 seta e dividerli distalmente alle legature. </li><li> Accanto dividere aortico a livello della cannulazione precedente e sezionare libera il tronco polmonare e dividerlo per quanto distalmente possibile. </li><li> In seguito, legare le vene polmonari con una legatura di massa e dividerli distalmente alle legature. </li><li> Infine, rimuovere il cuore dal sito donatore e conservarla in 4 ° Celsius soluzione HTK (Figura 1b). </li></ol> 3. impianto <ol><li> Posizionare il trapianto di cuore nella regione del collo destinatario in una posizione capovolta (Figura 1c </strong&gt;). </li><li> Successivo tirare il tronco polmonare del cuore sopra il costrutto bracciale vena del destinatario e fissarlo con un ciclo di seta (Figura 1d). </li><li> Eseguire l&#39;anastomosi tra l&#39;aorta dell&#39;innesto e l&#39;arteria estroflesso del destinatario degli animali nello stesso modo (Figura 1e). </li><li> Successivamente, rimuovere il morsetto venoso prima, seguita dalla pinza arteriosa. Il cuore è riperfuso e inizia a battere in 1-2 min. Durante la riperfusione inumidire il cuore con caldo (35 ° C) soluzione salina. </li><li> Infine, chiudere la ferita chirurgica con 6-0 sutura continua (Figura 1e). </li></ol> 4 Cura postoperatoria, Endpoint <ol><li> Rinunciare a 0,3 ml di soluzione fisiologica normale ip dopo l&#39;intervento per la sostituzione del fluido. </li><li> Posizionare l&#39;animale sotto una lampada di calore fino risveglio dall&#39;anestesia. </li><li> Una volta sveglio, rispedire l&#39;animale verso la struttura alloggiativa dove ricevono cibo e acqua ad libitum. </li><li> A MIdolore nimize durante i primi 7 giorni postoperatori amministrare carprofene (4 mg / kg per via sottocutanea ogni 12 ore (sc). Inoltre, dare buprenorfina (0,1 mg / kg), subito dopo l&#39;operazione ogni 12 ore per 5 giorni. </li><li> Ottenere il peso (g) di ogni destinatario animale settimanale per valutare il corretto apporto nutrizionale. Se vi sono prove di oltre il 10-15% di perdita di peso rispetto al peso alla chirurgia-data, apatia, paralizzante o una schiena molto piegata, sacrificare l&#39;animale con terminale inalazione isoflurano prima di raggiungere il punto finale clinico. Anche sacrificare l&#39;animale dopo che il cuore è stato respinto. </li></ol>

<ol>
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D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+mechanisms+of+cardiac+allograft+vasculopathy+an+update.">Immune mechanisms of cardiac allograft vasculopathy an update.</a> Transpl Immunol. 1, 237-249 (1993).</li><li>Libby, P., Pober, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+rejection.">Chronic rejection.</a> Immunity. 14, 387-397 (2001).</li><li>Kouwenhoven, E. A., de Bruin, R. W., Heemann, U. W., Marquet, R. L., Ijzermans, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Late+graft+dysfunction+after+prolonged+cold+ischemia+of+the+donor+kidney+inhibition+by+cyclosporine.">Late graft dysfunction after prolonged cold ischemia of the donor kidney inhibition by cyclosporine.</a> Transplantation. 68, 1004-1010 (1999).</li><li>Kouwenhoven, E. A., Ijzermans, J. N., de Bruin, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Etiology+and+pathophysiology+of+chronic+transplant+dysfunction.">Etiology and pathophysiology of chronic transplant dysfunction.</a> Transpl Int. 13, 385-401 (2000).</li><li>Chen, Z. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+technique+of+cervical+heterotopic+heart+transplantation+in+mice.">A technique of cervical heterotopic heart transplantation in mice.</a> Transplantation. 52, 1099-1101 (1991).</li><li>Huang, X., Chen, D., Chen, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=[A+modified+model+of+cervical+heterotopic+cardiac+transplantation+for+chronic+rejection+research].">[A modified model of cervical heterotopic cardiac transplantation for chronic rejection research].</a> Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 22, 1508-1510 (2008).</li><li>Hasegawa, T., Visovatti, S. H., Hyman, M. C., Hayasaki, T., Pinsky, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotopic+vascularized+murine+cardiac+transplantation+to+study+graft+arteriopathy.">Heterotopic vascularized murine cardiac transplantation to study graft arteriopathy.</a> Nat Protoc. 2, 471-480 (2007).</li><li>Wang, C. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+murine+cardiac+allograft+arteriopathy+by+long-term+blockade+of+CD40-CD154+interactions.">Suppression of murine cardiac allograft arteriopathy by long-term blockade of CD40-CD154 interactions.</a> Circulation. 105, 1609-1614 (2002).</li><li>Matsuura, A., Abe, T., Yasuura, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+mouse+cervical+heart+transplantation+using+a+cuff+technique.">Simplified mouse cervical heart transplantation using a cuff technique.</a> Transplantation. 51, 896-898 (1991).</li><li>Tomita, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+technique+of+heterotopic+cervical+heart+transplantation+in+mice.">Improved technique of heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice.</a> Transplantation. 64, 1598-1601 (1997).</li><li>Zhou, Y., Gu, X., Xiang, J., Qian, S., Chen, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+study+on+suture+versus+cuff+anastomosis+in+mouse+cervical+cardiac+transplant.">A comparative study on suture versus cuff anastomosis in mouse cervical cardiac transplant.</a> Exp Clin Transplant. 8, 245-249 (2010).</li><li>Corry, R. J., Winn, H. J., Russell, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primarily+vascularized+allografts+of+hearts+in+mice.+The+role+of+H-2D,+H-2K,+and+non-H-2+antigens+in+rejection.">Primarily vascularized allografts of hearts in mice. The role of H-2D, H-2K, and non-H-2 antigens in rejection.</a> Transplantation. 16, 343-350 (1973).</li><li>Kamada, N., Calne, R. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat.+Technique+using+cuff+for+portal+vein+anastomosis+and+biliary+drainage.">Orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. Technique using cuff for portal vein anastomosis and biliary drainage.</a> Transplantation. 28, 47-50 (1979).</li><li>Zimmermann, F. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techniques+for+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+rat+and+some+studies+of+the+immunologic+responses+to+fully+allogeneic+liver+grafts.">Techniques for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat and some studies of the immunologic responses to fully allogeneic liver grafts.</a> Transplant Proc. 11, 571-577 (1979).</li><li>Maglione, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Donor+pretreatment+with+tetrahydrobiopterin+saves+pancreatic+isografts+from+ischemia+reperfusion+injury+in+a+mouse+model.">Donor pretreatment with tetrahydrobiopterin saves pancreatic isografts from ischemia reperfusion injury in a mouse model.</a> Am J Transplant. 10, 2231-2240 (2010).</li><li>Heron, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+technique+for+accessory+cervical+heart+transplantation+in+rabbits+and+rats.">A technique for accessory cervical heart transplantation in rabbits and rats.</a> Actapathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica Section A, Pathology. 79, 366-372 (1971).</li></ol>

This study has been supported by grant #207 of the &#8220;Medizinischer Forschungsfond Tirol&#8221;, grant #2010022010 of the &#8220;MUI-START F&#246;rderungsprogramm&#8221; of the Innsbruck Medical University.

Rifiuto di trapianti vascolarizzati comporta una pletora di diverse fasi che possono essere non sufficientemente valutati solo con modelli in vitro. Fenomeni come la sensibilizzazione dei destinatari, trasformazione antigeni negli organi linfoidi secondari, ma anche la differenziazione e la proliferazione delle cellule immuno-competenti sono meglio caratterizzati in vivo. I modelli animali sono quindi lo strumento ideale per la ricerca traslazionale 16. Modelli murini rappresentano ancora il...

Il trapianto cardiaco rappresenta la terapia di scelta per i pazienti affetti da diverse malattie di cuore allo stadio terminale. I progressi nelle tecniche chirurgiche, più efficace profilassi delle infezioni, e nuovi regimi immunosoppressivi determinato marcatamente migliore risultato del trapianto di organi 6. Tuttavia, la sopravvivenza del trapianto a lungo termine non è migliorata con rigore negli ultimi anni 7. Rigetto cronico, caratterizzata da trapianto arteriosclerosi continua ad essere un grave ostacolo per la sopravvivenza del trapianto a lungo termine 8-11. Il modello di trapianto cardiaco eterotopico nei topi fornisce uno strumento importante e valido per l&#39;analisi del meccanismo immunologico durante acuta e rigetto cronico 12-15. Ad oggi il modello di trapianto più frequente è ancora il trapianto di cuore del mouse addominale utilizzando la tecnica di sutura. L&#39;aorta ascendente del cuore del donatore viene anastomizzato alla unbdominal aorta e l&#39;arteria polmonare è anastomizzati alla vena cava inferiore del destinatario. Gran parte delle difficoltà microchirurgico del modello di sutura si basa sulla piccola dimensione dei vasi, che vengono suturate 16,17. In contrasto con il modello sutura cuore è posto nella regione del collo del recipiente in cui la vena giugulare esterna è anastomizzato l&#39;arteria polmonare e l&#39;arteria carotide comune l&#39;aorta del donatore. La logica dello sviluppo del modello di trapianto di cuore cervicale con la tecnica bracciale era di avere un modello animale, che permette di ottenere alte percentuali di successo con le abilità di microchirurgia di base che permetteranno un&#39;ampia applicazione di questo modello. I principali vantaggi di questo metodo sono l&#39;anastomosi significativamente meno che si verificano complicazioni come emorragie e trombosi correlata rispetto al modello di sutura 18.

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			<td>Yasargil Clip Mini Permanent 7mm</td>
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			<td>Micro vessel clip</td>
			<td>S &#38; T</td>
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			<td>Microscissor</td>
			<td>FST</td>
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			<td rowspan="2">Vesseldilatator</td>
			<td rowspan="2">S &#38; T</td>
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			<td>Clipapplicator</td>
			<td>S &#38; T</td>
			<td>CAF-4 00072</td>
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			<td>Microvessel clip</td>
			<td>S &#38; T</td>
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murine cervical heart transplantation model using a modified cuff technique

<html> Modelli murini sono di particolare interesse per la ricerca in quanto una grande varietà di anticorpi monoclonali e commercialmente definiti inbred e ceppi di eliminazione diretta sono a disposizione per effettuare meccanicistico studi in vivo. Mentre i modelli di trapianto di cuore utilizzando una tecnica di sutura sono stati sviluppati con successo nei ratti, la traduzione in un altrettanto diffuso equivalente murino usato non è mai stata raggiunta a causa della complessità tecnica del procedimento microchirurgico. Al contrario, le tecniche di gemelli non sutura, anche sviluppati inizialmente nei ratti, sono stati adattati con successo per l&#39;utilizzo nei topi 1-3. Questa tecnica di rivascolarizzazione prevede due fasi principali I) eversione della nave ricevente su un bracciale in polietilene; II) tirando la nave cedente sopra la nave ricevente precedentemente estroflesso e tenendolo in posizione con un pareggio circonferenziale. Ciò garantisce una continuità dello strato endoteliale, tempo di funzionamento breve e molto elevati tassi di pervietà 4. t &quot;&gt; Utilizzando questa tecnica di anastomosi vascolare abbiamo effettuato più di 1.000 trapianti di cuore cervicale con un tasso di successo complessivo del 95%. Per afflusso arterioso l&#39;arteria carotide comune e l&#39;arco aortico prossimale sono stati anastomizzata conseguente perfusione retrograda del cuore trapiantato. Per il drenaggio venoso polmonare dell&#39;innesto è stata anastomizzata con la vena giugulare esterna del destinatario 5. Qui, forniamo ulteriori dettagli di questa tecnica per integrare il video.

La Figura 2 mostra i dati di sopravvivenza rappresentativi di trapianti cardiaci da donatori BALB / c dopo il trapianto in pieno MHC non corrispondenti C57BL / 6 destinatari. I cuori sono respinti il ​​giorno 7 ± 1 dopo il trapianto. Finger palpazione del trapianto allogenico trapiantato è un metodo sensibile per rilevare il corso dipendente dal tempo di rigetto. Tutti i trapianti di cuore eseguiti singeniche nella nostra serie sono sopravvissuti a tempo indeterminato (&gt; 150 giorni). <p cla...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique at JoVE.com

Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Il modello murino di trapianto di cuore cervicale è adatto per immunologica nonché studi danno da ischemia riperfusione. Abbiamo modificato la procedura utilizzando una tecnica bracciale non sutura ed eseguito più di 1.000 trapianti di successo con questo approccio. Qui, forniamo ulteriori dettagli di questa tecnica per integrare il video.

Murino cervicale Cuore trapianto Modello utilizzando una tecnica Cuff Modificato

Mouse models are of special interest in research since a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies and commercially defined inbred and knockout strains are ...

murine-cervical-heart-transplantation-model-using-modified-cuff

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.7K Views.  Innsbruck Medical University.  Il modello murino di trapianto di cuore cervicale è adatto per immunologica nonché studi danno da ischemia riperfusione. Abbiamo modificato la procedura utilizzando una tecnica bracciale non sutura ed eseguito più di 1.000 trapianti di successo con questo approccio. Qui, forniamo ulteriori dettagli di questa tecnica per integrare il video. 

Video: Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. Impaired wound healing, which occurs in diabetic patients for example, can lead to severe unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. There is, therefore, an increasing impetus to develop novel agents that promote wound repair. The testing of these has been limited to large animal models such as swine, which are often impractical. Mice represent the ideal preclinical model, as they are economical and amenable to genetic manipulation, which allows for mechanistic investigation. However, wound healing in a mouse is fundamentally different to that of humans as it primarily occurs via contraction. Our murine model overcomes this by incorporating a splint around the wound. By splinting the wound, the repair process is then dependent on epithelialization, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, which closely mirror the biological processes of human wound healing. Whilst requiring consistency and care, this murine model does not involve complicated surgical techniques and allows for the robust testing of promising agents that may, for example, promote angiogenesis or inhibit inflammation. Furthermore, each mouse acts as its own control as two wounds are prepared, enabling the application of both the test compound and the vehicle control on the same animal. In conclusion, we demonstrate a practical, easy-to-learn, and robust model of wound healing, which is comparable to that of humans.

A murine model of cutaneous wound healing that can be used to assess therapeutic compounds in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

Modello murino di guarigione delle ferite

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Technique

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become proficient in and utilize this technique, it is now widely used by many laboratories around the world. A significant refinement to the original technique was developed and reported in 2001 by Niimi. Described here are the techniques that have evolved over more than a decade in the hands of three surgeons (Plenter, Grazia, Pietra) in our center. These techniques are now being passed on to a younger generation of surgeons and researchers.
Based largely on the Niimi experience, the procedures used have evolved in the fine details - details which we will endeavor to relate here in such a way that others may be able to use this very useful model. Like Niimi, we have found that a video aid to learning is a priceless resource for the beginner.

The manuscript describes the steps required to perform the heterotopic heart transplant in the mouse.

Murini eterotopica cuore Tecnica Trapianto

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become ...

Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed results. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the neotissue development, valve thickening, and stenosis development are not researched extensively. To answer the above questions, we developed a murine heterotopic heart valve transplantation model. A heart valve was harvested from a valve donor mouse and transplanted to a heart donor mouse. The heart with a new valve was transplanted heterotopically to a recipient mouse. The transplanted heart showed its own heartbeat, independent of the recipient&#8217;s heartbeat. The blood flow was quantified using a high frequency ultrasound system with a pulsed wave Doppler. The flow through the implanted pulmonary valve showed forward flow with minimal regurgitation and the peak flow was close to 100 mm/sec. This murine model of heart valve transplantation is highly versatile, so it can be modified and adapted to provide different hemodynamic environments and/or can be used with various transgenic mice to study neotissue development in a tissue engineered heart valve.

In order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neotissue formation and stenosis development in tissue engineered heart valves, a murine model of heterotopic heart valve transplantation was developed. A pulmonary heart valve was transplanted to recipient using the heterotopic heart transplantation technique.

Il trapianto di valvola polmonare Utilizzando un modello murino di trapianto cardiaco eterotopico

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed ...

Murine Corneal Transplantation: A Model to Study the Most Common Form of Solid Organ Transplantation

Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation in the United States with between 45,000 and 55,000 procedures performed each year. While several animal models exist for this procedure and mice are the species that is most commonly used. The reasons for using mice are the relative cost of using this species, the existence of many genetically defined strains that allow for the study of immune responses, and the existence of an extensive array of reagents that can be used to further define responses in this species. This model has been used to define factors in the cornea that are responsible for the relative immune privilege status of this tissue that enables corneal allografts to survive acute rejection in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy. It has also been used to define those factors that are most important in rejection of such allografts. Consequently, much of what we know concerning mechanisms of both corneal allograft acceptance and rejection are due to studies using a murine model of corneal transplantation. In addition to describing a model for acute corneal allograft rejection, we also present for the first time a model of late-term corneal allograft rejection.

Mice have been used as a model for studying many forms of transplantation, including corneal transplantation. We describe in this report a murine model for both acute and late-term corneal transplantation.

Murini trapianto di cornea: Un modello per studiare la forma più comune di trapianto di organi solidi

Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation in the United States with between 45,000 and 55,000 procedures performed each ...

Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplantation in Mice

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies this model by avoiding challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels thereby reducing warm ischemia time. In comparison to abdominal graft implantation the cervical model is less invasive and the implanted graft is easily accessible for further follow-up examinations. Anastomoses are performed by pulling the ascending aorta of the graft over the cuff with the recipient&#8217;s common carotid artery and by pulling the main pulmonary artery over the cuff with the external jugular vein. Selection of appropriate cuff size and complete mobilization of the vessels are important for successful revascularization. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can be minimized by perfusing the graft with a cardioplegic solution and by hypothermia. In this article, we provide technical details for a simplified and improved cuff technique, which should allow surgeons with basic microsurgical skills to perform the procedure with a high success rate.

The cuff technique shortens and facilitates the model of heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice by avoiding technically challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels. The technical details shown in this video paper should allow researches to establish this model in their laboratories.

Eterotopico cervicale trapianto cardiaco nei topi

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies ...

Using the Sleeve Technique in a Mouse Model of Aortic Transplantation - An Instructional Video

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the aorta in mice using the sleeve method was short and easy averaging 20 min, permitting studies of iso/allo grafts. The following article describes the aortic transplantation procedure used in our laboratory. The mice were anesthetized with a mixture of 1.5% volume isoflurane and 100% oxygen through a face mask. At this point, the segment of the aorta between the renal arteries and its bifurcation was separated from the vena cava, freely prepared and clampedat the proximal and distal segments with a single silk suture. Prior to the removal of the aorta, a saline solution containing heparin was injected into the inferior vena cava. Then the aorta was cut between the clamps and a saline heparin solution was used to flush the lumen. The sleeve technique with monofilament sutures was used in order to transplant the abdominal aorta in the orthotopic position.

We present an orthotopic aortic transplantation model using the sleeve technique in mice. It is a very rapid anastomosis method, which can be employed in studies of vascular disease.

Utilizzando la tecnica di manica in un modello murino di trapianto aortico - un Video didattico

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the ...

Mouse Model for Pancreas Transplantation Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Mouse models have several advantages in transplantation research, including easy handling, a variety of genetically well-defined strains, and the availability of the widest range of molecular probes and reagents to perform in vivo as well as in vitro studies. Based on our experience with various murine transplantation models, we developed a heterotopic pancreas transplantation model in mice with the intent to analyze mechanisms underlying severe ischemia reperfusion injury-associated early graft damage. In contrast to previously described techniques using suture techniques, herein we describe a new procedure using a non-suture cuff technique. 
In recent years, we have performed more than 300 pancreas transplantations in mice with an overall success rate of &gt;90%, a success rate never described before in mouse pancreas transplantation. The backbone of this non-suture cuff technique for graft revascularization consists of two major steps: (I) pulling the recipient vessel over a polyethylene/polyamide cuff and fixing it with a circumferential ligature, and (II) placing the donor vessel over the everted recipient vessel and fixing it with a second circumferential ligature. The resultant continuity of the endothelial layer results in less thrombogenic lesions with high patency rates and, finally, high success rates.
In this model, arterial anastomosis is achieved by pulling the abdominal aorta of the donor graft over the everted common carotid artery of the recipient animal. Venous drainage of the graft is achieved by pulling the portal vein of the graft over the everted external jugular vein of the recipient. This manuscript provides details and crucial steps of the organ recovery and organ implantation procedures, which will allow researchers with microsurgical skills to perform the transplantation successfully in their laboratories.

Among abdominal solid organ transplantation, pancreatic grafts are prone to develop severe ischemia reperfusion injury-associated graft damage, leading eventually to early graft loss. This protocol describes a model of murine pancreas transplantation using a non-suture cuff technique, ideally suited for analyzing these early, deleterious damages.

Modello di topo per il trapianto di Pancreas usando una tecnica modificata polsino

Mouse models have several advantages in transplantation research, including easy handling, a variety of genetically well-defined strains, and the ...

A Pre-Clinical Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart failure. Multiple small-animal models of heart transplantation have been used to study the acute and long-term effects of novel therapies. However, few are tested and demonstrated success in clinical trials. It is of critical importance to evaluate new therapies in a clinically relevant large-animal model for efficient and reliable translation of basic studies&#39;&#160;findings. Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and previously used to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies. This procedure focuses on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury and is a reliable method to investigate novel interventions which have been tested and validated in smaller experimental models, such as the murine model. We demonstrate its usefulness in assessing cardiac performance during the early post-transplantation period and other potential possibilities enabled by the model.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and utilized to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies.

Un modello pre-clinico di trapianto di cuore ortotopico

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart ...

Murine Cervical Aortic Transplantation Model using a Modified Non-Suture Cuff Technique

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. However, only minor improvement in the long-term results of transplanted solid organs could be observed over the past decades. In this context, chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) still represents the leading cause of late organ failure in cardiac, renal and pulmonary transplantation.
Thus far, the underlying pathogenesis of CAV development remains unclear, explaining why effective treatment strategies are presently missing and emphasizing a need for relevant experimental models in order to study the underlying pathophysiology leading to CAV formation. The following protocol describes a murine heterotopic cervical aortic transplantation model using a modified non-suture cuff technique. In this technique, a segment of the thoracic aorta is interpositioned in the right common carotid artery. With the use of the non-suture cuff technique, an easy to learn and reproducible model can be established, minimizing the possible heterogeneity of sutured vascular micro anastomoses.

Here, we present a protocol of heterotopic aortic transplantation in mice using the non-suture cuff technique in a cervical murine model. This model can be used to study the underlying pathology of chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and can help evaluate new therapeutic agents in order to prevent its formation.

Modello di trapianto aortico cervicale murine utilizzando una tecnica di manette non sutura modificata

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. ...

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of transplant with the potential to deliver durable heart valves capable of somatic growth with no requirement for anticoagulation. However, the immunobiology of heart valve transplants remains unexplored, highlighting the need for animal models to study this new type of transplant. Previous rat models for heterotopic aortic valve transplantation into the abdominal aorta have been described, though they are technically challenging and costly. For addressing this challenge, a renal subcapsular transplant model was developed in rodents as a practical and more straightforward method for studying heart valve transplant immunobiology. In this model, a single aortic valve leaflet is harvested and inserted into the renal subcapsular space. The kidney is easily accessible, and the transplanted tissue is securely contained in a subcapsular space that is well vascularized and can accommodate a variety of tissue sizes. Furthermore, because a single rat can provide three donor aortic leaflets and a single kidney can provide multiple sites for transplanted tissue, fewer rats are required for a given study. Here, the transplantation technique is described, providing a significant step forward in studying the transplant immunology of heart valve transplantation.

This protocol describes a simple and efficient method for the transplantation of aortic valve leaflets under the renal capsule to allow for the study of alloreactivity of heart valves.