This work is supported by grants from the NIH (P01CA142536 to RAS, T32CA009361 to DPY) and the Pediatric Low Grade Astrocytoma foundation.

<ol>
	<li>Heddleston, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glioma+stem+cell+maintenance:+the+role+of+the+microenvironment.">Glioma stem cell maintenance: the role of the microenvironment.</a> Curr Pharm Des. 17 (23), 2386-2401 (2013).</li><li>Sasai, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shh+pathway+activity+is+down-regulated+in+cultured+medulloblastoma+cells:+implications+for+preclinical+studies.">Shh pathway activity is down-regulated in cultured medulloblastoma cells: implications for preclinical studies.</a> Cancer Res. 66 (8), 4215-4222 (2006).</li><li>Louis, D. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+2007+WHO+classification+of+tumours+of+the+central+nervous+system.">The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 114 (2), 97-109 (2007).</li><li>Duffau, H., Capelle, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preferential+brain+locations+of+low-grade+gliomas.">Preferential brain locations of low-grade gliomas.</a> Cancer. 100 (12), 2622-2626 (2004).</li><li>Chourmouzi, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manifestations+of+pilocytic+astrocytoma:+a+pictorial+review.">Manifestations of pilocytic astrocytoma: a pictorial review.</a> Insights Imaging. 5 (3), 387-402 (2014).</li><li>Buonamici, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interfering+with+resistance+to+smoothened+antagonists+by+inhibition+of+the+PI3K+pathway+in+medulloblastoma.">Interfering with resistance to smoothened antagonists by inhibition of the PI3K pathway in medulloblastoma.</a> Sci Transl Med. 2 (51), 51ra70 (2010).</li><li>Choi, Y., Borghesani, P. R., Chan, J. A., Segal, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Migration+from+a+mitogenic+niche+promotes+cell-cycle+exit.">Migration from a mitogenic niche promotes cell-cycle exit.</a> J Neurosci. 25 (45), 10437-10445 (2005).</li><li>Chan, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteoglycan+interactions+with+Sonic+Hedgehog+specify+mitogenic+responses.">Proteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses.</a> Nat Neurosci. 12 (4), 409-417 (2009).</li><li>Stoppini, L., Buchs, P. A., Muller, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+organotypic+cultures+of+nervous+tissue.">A simple method for organotypic cultures of nervous tissue.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 37 (2), 173-182 (1991).</li><li>Kenny, H. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+high+throughput+screening+using+a+primary+human+three-+dimensional+organotypic+culture+predicts+in+vivo+efficacy.">Quantitative high throughput screening using a primary human three- dimensional organotypic culture predicts in vivo efficacy.</a> Nat Commun. 6, 6220 (2015).</li><li>Liu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ROCK+inhibitor+and+feeder+cells+induce+the+conditional+reprogramming+of+epithelial+cells.">ROCK inhibitor and feeder cells induce the conditional reprogramming of epithelial cells.</a> Am J Pathol. 180 (2), 599-607 (2012).</li></ol>

None of the authors have competing interests or conflicting interests.

Questo protocollo descrive come le cellule tumorali cerebrali possono essere fluorescente e piastrate su una sezione sagittale del cervello di un topo P6 e poi monitorati per una settimana in coltura. Questo tumore cerebrale / organotipica assay fetta co-coltura può essere utilizzato per determinare l&#39;effetto del microambiente regionale sul numero delle cellule tumorali e può essere utilizzato anche come un sistema per misurare l&#39;efficacia di nuovi farmaci sulla crescita tumorale umano. Precedenti studi hanno ...

Recenti ricerche cancro ha fatto progressi significativi nell&#39;identificazione mutazioni genetiche, modifiche molecolari e possibili trattamenti per una varietà di tumori cerebrali. Nonostante questi progressi, tumori cerebrali rimangono una delle principali cause di mortalità cancro-correlata per adulti e bambini. Fattori limitanti nella ricerca tumore cerebrale includono la disponibilità limitata di campioni primarie e linee cellulari e la difficoltà di replicare microambiente cerebrale unico ed eterogenei in sistemi sperimentali accessibili. Per molti tumori cerebrali le condizioni necessarie per mantenere le cellule tumorali nel tempo non sono ancora noti. Anche per i tumori cerebrali che possono essere coltivate in sospensione cellulare come neurosfere, condizioni di coltura possono influenzare le cellule tumorali 1,2. Infatti, l&#39;aggiunta di fattore di crescita basico dei fibroblasti o fattore di crescita epidermico incoraggiare la proliferazione e differenziazione inibiscono possono alterare l&#39;espressione genica 1. Altri metodi per la crescita delle cellule tumorali, qualicome propagazione del tumore nei topi mediante xenotrapianto ortotopico o sottocutanea di cellule tumorali sono saggi preziosi, ma sono limitati da fattori come il tempo di sviluppo di tumori (in particolare per i tumori di basso grado), il costo e il numero di cellule tumorali che può essere iniettato e studiata . Così i metodi attuali per la coltivazione di cellule tumorali del cervello umani sono inadeguati per il mantenimento di alcuni tipi di tumore, e spesso forniscono ambienti artificiali che non lo fanno da vicino gli ambienti tumorali imitare in vivo. Diversi tipi di tumori cerebrali pediatrici crescono in luoghi altamente specializzate all&#39;interno del cervello [3, 4] e questo riflette probabilmente requisiti microambientali distinti per la crescita del tumore [5]. Questo protocollo descrive un nuovo sistema in cui le cellule che sono difficili da diffondere nelle normali condizioni di coltura può essere coltivata in un microambiente del cervello organotipica che imita in condizioni di crescita tumorale in vivo. In questo saggio quantitativo, fluorescentele cellule tumorali del cervello sono placcati su minorenni fettine organotipiche cervello di topo e monitorati nel tempo. Questo test può essere utilizzato per indagare l&#39;effetto del microambiente sulla crescita tumorale, e di testare nuove terapie farmacologiche in un microambiente cerebrale clinicamente rilevante.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Invitrogen&#160;</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17502048</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pennicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14185-052</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B-27</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N2</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17502-048</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamax</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">Neurobasal-A- Medium minus phenol red</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Invitrogen&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2">12349015</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low Melting Point Agarose</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>V2111</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slice Culture Inserts&#160;</td>
			<td>Milipore</td>
			<td>PICM0RG50</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laminin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>23017015</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cm-DiI&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen&#160;</td>
			<td>V22888</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDU (Labeling and Detection)&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>c10337</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microspheres&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>F-21010</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vibratome&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal Microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Nikon Eclipse Ni C2si</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image J software&#160;</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5mm Cover Glasses&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>64-0700 (CS-5R)</td>
			<td colspan="3"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a brain tumor/organotypic slice co-culture system for studying tumor microenvironment and targeted drug therapies

Brain tumors are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapeutics for these cancers is difficult, as many of these tumors are not easily grown in standard culture conditions. Neurosphere cultures under serum-free conditions and orthotopic xenografts have expanded the range of tumors that can be maintained. However, many types of brain tumors remain difficult to propagate or study. This is particularly true for pediatric brain tumors such as pilocytic astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. This protocol describes a system that allows primary human brain tumors to be grown in culture. This quantitative assay can be used to investigate the effect of microenvironment on tumor growth, and to test new drug therapies. This protocol describes a system where fluorescently labeled brain tumor cells are grown on an organotypic brain slice from a juvenile mouse. The response of tumor cells to drug treatments can be studied in this assay, by analyzing changes in the number of cells on the slice over time. In addition, this system can address the nature of the microenvironment that normally fosters growth of brain tumors. This brain tumor organotypic slice co-culture assay provides a propitious system for testing new drugs on human tumor cells within a brain microenvironment.

Questa sezione esemplifica il tipo di risultati da aspettarsi dalla utilizzando il tumore cerebrale / organotipica fetta co-coltura per indagare preferenza microambiente regionale e per testare nuove terapie. Abbiamo dimostrato che il saggio è progettato per replicare il microambiente per i tumori cerebrali, come l&#39;organizzazione dei tessuti e proliferative della fetta viene mantenuta (Figura 3). Abbiamo anche dimostrato che un aumento del numero di cellule tumorali sulla fetta nel tempo può in pa...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Brain Tumor/Organotypic Slice Co-culture System for Studying Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Drug Therapies at JoVE.com

A Brain Tumor/Organotypic Slice Co-culture System for Studying Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Drug Therapies

Many types of human brain tumors are localized to specific regions within the brain and are difficult to grow in culture. This protocol addresses the role of tumor microenvironment and investigates new drug treatments by analyzing fluorescent primary brain tumor cells growing in an organotypic mouse brain slice. &#160;

Un tumore cerebrale / organotipica fetta sistema di co-coltura per lo Studio microambiente tumorale e mirata terapie farmacologiche

Brain tumors are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapeutics for these cancers is difficult, as many of these ...

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11.0K Views.  Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Many types of human brain tumors are localized to specific regions within the brain and are difficult to grow in culture. This protocol addresses the role of tumor microenvironment and investigates new drug treatments by analyzing fluorescent primary brain tumor cells growing in an organotypic mouse brain slice.  