Name: techniques for investigating the anatomy of the ant visual system
Uploaded: 2017-11-27T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 56 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Techniques for Investigating the Anatomy of the Ant Visual System at JoVE.com

Siamo grati a Jochen Zeil, Paul Cooper e Birgit Greiner per condividere le loro conoscenze in anatomia degli insetti e per dimostrare alcune delle tecniche che abbiamo descritto qui. Siamo grati per il personale di talento e di supporto al centro per microscopia avanzata alle ANU e la microscopia Unit presso MQU. Questo lavoro è stato supportato da una borsa di studio laureato a FRE e sovvenzioni da Australian Research Council (DE120100019, FT140100221, DP150101172).

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B. 277, 1531-1538 (2010).</li><li>Narendra, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Caste-specific+visual+adaptations+to+distinct+daily+activity+schedules+in+Australian+Myrmecia+ants.">Caste-specific visual adaptations to distinct daily activity schedules in Australian Myrmecia ants.</a> Proc. R. Soc. B. 278, 1141-1149 (2011).</li><li>Moser, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eye+size+and+behaviour+of+day-and+night-flying+leafcutting+ant+alates.">Eye size and behaviour of day-and night-flying leafcutting ant alates.</a> J. Zool. 264, 69-75 (2004).</li><li>St&#246;ckl, A. L., Ribi, W. A., Warrant, E. 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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Twilight+orientation+to+polarised+light+in+the+crepuscular+dung+beetle+Scarabaeus+zambesianus.">Twilight orientation to polarised light in the crepuscular dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 206, 1535-1543 (2003).</li><li>Greiner, B., Ribi, W. A., Warrant, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+and+optical+adaptations+for+nocturnal+vision+in+the+halictid+bee+Megalopta+genalis.">Retinal and optical adaptations for nocturnal vision in the halictid bee Megalopta genalis.</a> Cell Tiss Res. 316, 377-390 (2004).</li><li>Warrant, E. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nocturnal+vision+and+landmark+orientation+in+a+tropical+halictid+bee.">Nocturnal vision and landmark orientation in a tropical halictid bee.</a> Curr. Biol. 14, 1309-1318 (2004).</li><li>Lattke, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Ants Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. , 155-171 (2000).</li><li>Ribi, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A Handbook in Biological Electron Microscopy. , 1-106 (1987).</li><li>Narendra, A., Ramirez-Esquivel, F., Ribi, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compound+eye+and+ocellar+structure+for+walking+and+flying+modes+of+locomotion+in+the+Australian+ant,+Camponotus+consobrinus.">Compound eye and ocellar structure for walking and flying modes of locomotion in the Australian ant, Camponotus consobrinus.</a> Sci. Rep. 6, 22331 (2016).</li><li>Narendra, A., Greiner, B., Ribi, W. A., Zeil, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+and+dark+adaptation+mechanisms+in+the+compound+eyes+of+Myrmecia+ants+that+occupy+discrete+temporal+niches.">Light and dark adaptation mechanisms in the compound eyes of Myrmecia ants that occupy discrete temporal niches.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 219, 2435-2442 (2016).</li><li>Ribi, W. A., Zeil, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+visual+system+of+the+Australian+&amp;#34;Redeye&amp;#34;+cicada+(Psaltoda+moerens).">The visual system of the Australian &amp;#34;Redeye&amp;#34; cicada (Psaltoda moerens).</a> Arthr. Struct. Dev. 44, 574-586 (2015).</li><li>Ribi, W. A., Warrant, E. J., Zeil, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+organization+of+honeybee+ocelli:+regional+specializations+and+rhabdom+arrangements.">The organization of honeybee ocelli: regional specializations and rhabdom arrangements.</a> Arthr. Struct. Dev. 40, 509-520 (2011).</li><li>Ribi, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colour+receptors+in+the+eye+of+the+digger+wasp,+Sphex+cognatus+Smith:+evaluation+by+selective+adaptation.">Colour receptors in the eye of the digger wasp, Sphex cognatus Smith: evaluation by selective adaptation.</a> Cell Tiss. Res. 195, 471-483 (1978).</li><li>Ribi, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructure+and+migration+of+screening+pigments+in+the+retina+of+Pieris+rapae+L.+(Lepidoptera,+Pieridae).">Ultrastructure and migration of screening pigments in the retina of Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).</a> Cell Tiss. Res. 191, 57-73 (1978).</li><li>Lau, T., Gross, E., Meyer-Rochow, V. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sexual+dimorphism+and+light/dark+adaptation+in+the+compound+eyes+of+male+and+female+Acentria+ephemerella+(Lepidoptera:+Pyraloidea:+Crambidae).">Sexual dimorphism and light/dark adaptation in the compound eyes of male and female Acentria ephemerella (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae).</a> Eur. J. Entomol. 104, 459-470 (2007).</li><li>Wipfler, B., Pohl, H., Yavorskaya, M. I., Beutel, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+methods+for+analysing+insect+structures+-+the+role+of+morphology+in+the+age+of+phylogenomics.">A review of methods for analysing insect structures - the role of morphology in the age of phylogenomics.</a> Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 18, 60-68 (2016).</li><li>Streinzer, M., Brockmann, A., Nagaraja, N., Spaethe, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sex+and+caste-specific+variation+in+compound+eye+morphology+of+five+honeybee+species.">Sex and caste-specific variation in compound eye morphology of five honeybee species.</a> PLoS ONE. 8, e57702 (2013).</li><li>Somanathan, H., Warrant, E. J., Borges, R. M., Wall&#233;n, R., Kelber, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resolution+and+sensitivity+of+the+eyes+of+the+Asian+honeybees+Apis+florea,+Apis+cerana+and+Apis+dorsata.">Resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the Asian honeybees Apis florea, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 212, 2448-2453 (2009).</li></ol>

Gli autori non dichiarano interessi concorrenti.

La suite dei metodi descritti sopra consentono un'efficace indagine il sistema ottico di formiche e altri insetti. Queste tecniche di informare la nostra comprensione della risoluzione di campionamento, sensibilità ottica e potenziale sensibilità di polarizzazione dell'occhio in fase di studio. Questa conoscenza fornisce una base importante per indagini fisiologiche e comportamentali nella loro capacità visiva. Inoltre, mentre i metodi descritti qui sono concentrati su sistemi visivi formica, queste tecniche possono e...

Vision è una modalità sensoriale importante per la maggior parte degli animali. Visione è fondamentale soprattutto nel contesto della navigazione per individuare obiettivi, che istituisce e aderendo alle rotte e come ottenere informazioni bussola1,2. Insetti di rilevare informazioni visive usando un paio di occhi composti e, in alcuni casi, da uno a tre posti dorsalmente semplici occhi chiamato ocelli3,4,5.
Gli occhi di formiche sono di particolare interesse perché, mentre le formiche sono meravigliosamente diversificate, conservano alcune caratteristiche chiave tra le specie. Nonostante la drammatica variazione in anatomia, dimensioni e l'ecologia, la maggior parte delle specie è eusociali e vive in colonie; di conseguenza, diverse specie affrontano sfide simili visual in termini di navigazione avanti e indietro tra un posto centrale e risorse. Attraverso le formiche la stessa base occhio bauplan può essere osservata in animali che vanno da 0,5-26 mm in lunghezza del corpo, da esclusivamente diurno di specie strettamente notturne e da lento a piedi sotterraneo leaping visual predatori6,7, 8,9,10. Tutte queste differenze sconcertante in ecologia e comportamento dar luogo a innumerevoli permutazioni delle stesse strutture di base dell'occhio per adattarsi a diversi ambienti, stili di vita e dimensioni del corpo11,12. Di conseguenza, studiando l'ecologia visiva di formiche fornisce un vero e proprio tesoro di possibilità per l'investigatore risoluto.
Capire il sistema visivo degli insetti è essenziale a comprendere un loro funzionalità comportamentale. Questo è evidente da studi integrativa che ben combinano anatomia con ecologia e il comportamento di un grande successo in alcuni gruppi di insetti (per esempio, riferimenti13,14,15,16, 17). anche se il campo di navigazione di formica e il comportamento della formica, in generale, è stato molto efficace, pochissima enfasi è stata posta sulla visione di formica di fuori di alcune specie selezionate. Qui, ci soffermeremo sulle tecniche coinvolte nell'inchiesta di disegno dell'occhio di formiche. Mentre ci si concentrerà sulle formiche, queste tecniche possono essere applicate, con lievi modifiche, agli altri insetti, troppo.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Ant</td><td>Myrmecia midas</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stereomicroscope</td><td>Leica M205 FA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sputter coater</td><td>Pro Sci Tech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish</td><td>ProSciTech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting microscope</td><td>Leica MZ6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insect Pin</td><td>ProSciTech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Colourless nail polish</td><td>Non branded: from any cosmetic store</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass slide</td><td>ProSciTech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Razor blade</td><td>ProSciTech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foreceps</td><td>ProSciTech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cover slip</td><td>ProSciTech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Compound microscope</td><td>Leica DM5000 B</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutaraldehyde</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraformalydehyde</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Chloride (KCl)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>di-Sodium Hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium di-Hydrogen Phosphate (KH2PO4)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Osmium tetroxide</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Araldite Epoxy Resin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pasteur pipette</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Toluidie Blue</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hotplate</td><td>Riechert HK120</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

techniques for investigating the anatomy of the ant visual system

Questo articolo viene descritta una suite di tecniche in microscopia (LM) e microscopia elettronica (EM) che può essere utilizzata per studiare l'anatomia interna ed esterna dell'occhio degli insetti. Questi includono tecniche istologiche tradizionali ottimizzato per il lavoro sugli occhi di formica e adattato a lavorare di concerto con altre tecniche quali la microscopia elettronica a trasmissione (TEM) e microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM). Queste tecniche, sebbene notevolmente utile, possono essere difficile per il microscopista novizio, quindi grande enfasi è stata posta in questo articolo sulla risoluzione dei problemi e ottimizzazione per diversi esemplari. Forniamo informazioni su tecniche di imaging per l'intero campione (foto-microscopia e SEM) e discutere i vantaggi e svantaggi. Evidenziamo la tecnica utilizzata nel determinare i diametri della lente per l'occhio intero e discutere nuove tecniche per il miglioramento. Infine, verranno illustrate tecniche coinvolte nella preparazione dei campioni per LM e TEM, sezionamento, colorazione e questi campioni di imaging. Discutiamo le transenne che uno potrebbe venire da altra parte quando preparare campioni e il modo migliore per navigare intorno a loro.

I metodi descritti qui abilitare studio dettagliato dei semplici e occhi composti di formiche. Vista dorsale della testa usando Z-stack fotomicrografia tecniche di imaging permette di ottenere una panoramica del layout del sistema visivo (Figura 1). Si tratta di una buona preparazione per dissezioni e per determinare l'angolo di taglio desiderato. Questa tecnica è anche utile per effettuare le misurazioni come larghezza della testa, occhio lunghezza e diamet...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Techniques for Investigating the Anatomy of the Ant Visual System at JoVE.com

Techniques for Investigating the Anatomy of the Ant Visual System

Questo articolo viene descritta una suite di tecniche in luce e la microscopia elettronica per studiare l'anatomia interna ed esterna dell'occhio degli insetti. Questi includono diverse tecniche tradizionali ottimizzate per il lavoro su occhi di formica, dettagliati risoluzione dei problemi e suggerimenti per l'ottimizzazione per diversi esemplari e aree di interesse.

Tecniche per lo studio dell'anatomia del sistema visivo Ant

This article outlines a suite of techniques in light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) which can be used to study the internal and external eye ...

techniques-for-investigating-the-anatomy-of-the-ant-visual-system

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

13.2K Views.  Australian National University. Questo articolo viene descritta una suite di tecniche in luce e la microscopia elettronica per studiare l'anatomia interna ed esterna dell'occhio degli insetti. Questi includono diverse tecniche tradizionali ottimizzate per il lavoro su occhi di formica, dettagliati risoluzione dei problemi e suggerimenti per l'ottimizzazione per diversi esemplari e aree di interesse.

Video: Techniques for Investigating the Anatomy of the Ant Visual System

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, studies implementing classical conditioning paradigms with harnessed insects have been important for investigating the exact cues that individuals learn and the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory formation. Here we present a protocol for evoking visual associative learning in wood ants through classical conditioning. In this paradigm, ants are harnessed and presented with a visual cue (a blue cardboard), the conditional stimulus (CS), paired with an appetitive sugar reward, the unconditional stimulus (US). Ants perform a Maxilla-Labium Extension Reflex (MaLER), the unconditional response (UR), which can be used as a readout for learning. Training consists of 10 trials, separated by a 5-minute intertrial interval (ITI). Ants are also tested for memory retention 10 minutes or 1 hour after training. This protocol has the potential to allow researchers to analyze, in a precise and controlled manner, the details of visual memory formation and the neural basis of learning and memory formation in wood ants.

We present a protocol for the classical conditioning of harnessed ants that permits researchers to study visual learning and memory formation at a level of analysis not possible with freely moving individuals.

Visual condizionamento classico in legna formiche

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, ...

Ricerca

Comportamento

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye

The visual system in humans is considered the gateway to the world and plays a principal role in the plethora of sensory, perceptual and cognitive processes. It is therefore not surprising that quality of vision is tied to quality of life . Despite widespread clinical and basic research surrounding the causes of visual disorders, many forms of visual impairments, such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration, lack effective treatments. Non-human primates have the closest general features of eye development to that of humans. Not only do they have a similar vascular anatomy, but amongst other mammals, primates have the unique characteristic of having a region in the temporal retina specialized for high visual acuity, the fovea1. Here we describe a general technique for dissecting the primate retina to provide tissue for retinal histology, immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection, as well as light and electron microscopy. With the extended use of the non-human primate as a translational model, our hope is that improved understanding of the retina will provide insights into effective approaches towards attenuating or reversing the negative impact of visual disorders on the quality of life of affected individuals.

The non-human primate is an important translational species for our understanding of development and aging. The anatomical organization of the primate retina may provide important insights into normal and pathological conditions in humans.

La Porta del Cervello: Dissezione l&#39;Occhio Primate

The visual system in humans is considered the  gateway  to the world and plays a principal role in the plethora of sensory, perceptual and cognitive ...

Biologia

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are eusocial insects and well known for their complex division of labor and associative learning capability1, 2. The worker bees spend the first half of their life inside the dark hive, where they are nursing the larvae or building the regular hexagonal combs for food (e.g. pollen or nectar) and brood3. The antennae are extraordinary multisensory feelers and play a pivotal role in various tactile mediated tasks4, including hive building5 and pattern recognition6. Later in life, each single bee leaves the hive to forage for food. Then a bee has to learn to discriminate profitable food sources, memorize their location, and communicate it to its nest mates7. Bees use different floral signals like colors or odors7, 8, but also tactile cues from the petal surface9 to form multisensory memories of the food source. Under laboratory conditions, bees can be trained in an appetitive learning paradigm to discriminate tactile object features, such as edges or grooves with their antennae10, 11, 12, 13. This learning paradigm is closely related to the classical olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) in harnessed bees14. The advantage of the tactile learning paradigm in the laboratory is the possibility of combining behavioral experiments on learning with various physiological measurements, including the analysis of the antennal movement pattern.

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees Apis mellifera L.

In this protocol we show how to condition harnessed honey bees to tactile stimuli and introduce a 2D motion capture technique for analyzing the kinematics of fine-scale antennal sampling pattern.

Condizionata tattile e Analisi del Movimento di strategie di campionamento antennale di api mellifere (<em&gt; Apis mellifera</em&gt; L.)

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are eusocial insects and well known for their complex division of labor and associative learning capability1, 2. The worker ...

Neuroscienze

Preparation of Developing and Adult Drosophila Brains and Retinae for Live Imaging

The Drosophila brain and visual system are widely utilized model systems to study neuronal development, function and degeneration. Here we show three preparations of the brain and visual system that cover the range from the developing eye disc-brain complex in the developing pupae to individual eye and brain dissection from adult flies. All protocols are optimized for the live culture of the preparations. However, we also present the conditions for fixed tissue immunohistochemistry where applicable. Finally, we show live imaging conditions for these preparations using conventional and resonant 4D confocal live imaging in a perfusion chamber. Together, these protocols provide a basis for live imaging on different time scales ranging from functional intracellular assays on the scale of minutes to developmental or degenerative processes on the scale of many hours.

Preparation of Developing and Adult Drosophila Brains and Retinae for Live Imaging

This protocol describes three Drosophila preparations: 1) adult brain dissection, 2) adult retina dissection and 3) developing eye disc- brain complexes dissection. Emphasis is laid on special preparation techniques and conditions for live imaging, although all preparations can be used for fixed tissue immunohistochemistry.

Preparazione di Sviluppo e degli adulti Drosophila Brains e retina per l&#39;imaging dal vivo

The Drosophila brain and visual system are widely utilized model systems to study neuronal development, function and degeneration. Here we show three ...

Dissection, Immunohistochemistry and Mounting of Larval and Adult Drosophila Brains for Optic Lobe Visualization

The Drosophila optic lobe, comprised of four neuropils: the lamina, medulla, lobula and lobula plate, is an excellent model system for exploring the developmental mechanisms that generate neural diversity and drive circuit assembly. Given its complex three-dimensional organization, analysis of the optic lobe requires that one understand how its adult neuropils and larval progenitors are positioned relative to each other and the central brain. Here, we describe a protocol for the dissection, immunostaining and mounting of larval and adult brains for optic lobe imaging. Special emphasis is placed on the relationship between mounting orientation and the spatial organization of the optic lobe. We describe three mounting strategies in the larva (anterior, posterior and lateral) and three in the adult (anterior, posterior and horizontal), each of which provide an ideal imaging angle for a distinct optic lobe structure.

Dissection, Immunohistochemistry and Mounting of Larval and Adult Drosophila Brains for Optic Lobe Visualization

This protocol describes three steps to prepare larval and adult Drosophila optic lobes for imaging: 1) brain dissections, 2) immunohistochemistry and 3) mounting. Emphasis is placed on step 3, as distinct mounting orientations are required to visualize specific optic lobe structures.&#160;

dissezione, immunoistochimica e montaggio di cervelli larvali e adulti di Drosophila per la visualizzazione del lobo ottico

The Drosophila optic lobe, comprised of four neuropils: the lamina, medulla, lobula and lobula plate, is an excellent model system for exploring the ...

Biologia dello sviluppo

An Explant System for Time-Lapse Imaging Studies of Olfactory Circuit Assembly in Drosophila

~Neurons are precisely interconnected to form circuits essential for the proper function of the brain. The Drosophila olfactory system provides an excellent model to investigate this process since 50 types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) from the antennae and maxillary palps project their axons to 50 identifiable glomeruli in the antennal lobe and form synaptic connections with dendrites from 50 types of second-order projection neurons (PNs). Previous studies mainly focused on identifying important molecules that regulate the precise targeting in the olfactory circuit using fixed tissues. Here, an antennae-brain explant system that recapitulates key developmental milestones of olfactory circuit assembly in culture is described. Through dissecting the external cuticle and cleaning opaque fat bodies covering the developing pupal brain, high quality images of single neurons from live brains can be collected using two-photon microscopy. This allows time-lapse imaging of single ORN axon targeting from live tissue. This approach will help reveal important cell biological contexts and functions of previously identified important genes and identify mechanisms underpinning the dynamic process of circuit assembly.

An Explant System for Time-Lapse Imaging Studies of Olfactory Circuit Assembly in Drosophila

This protocol describes the dissection procedure, culture condition, and live imaging of an antennae-brain explant system for the study of the olfactory circuit assembly.

Un sistema di espianto per studi di imaging time-lapse dell'assemblaggio di circuiti olfattivi in Drosophila

~Neurons are precisely interconnected to form circuits essential for the proper function of the brain. The Drosophila olfactory system provides an ...

Analyzing Dendritic Morphology in Columns and Layers

In many regions of the central nervous systems, such as the fly optic lobes and the vertebrate cortex, synaptic circuits are organized in layers and columns to facilitate brain wiring during development and information processing in developed animals. Postsynaptic neurons elaborate dendrites in type-specific patterns in specific layers to synapse with appropriate presynaptic terminals. The fly medulla neuropil is composed of 10 layers and about 750 columns; each column is innervated by dendrites of over 38 types of medulla neurons, which match with the axonal terminals of some 7 types of afferents in a type-specific fashion. This report details the procedures to image and analyze dendrites of medulla neurons. The workflow includes three sections: (i) the dual-view imaging section combines two confocal image stacks collected at orthogonal orientations into a high-resolution 3D image of dendrites; (ii) the dendrite tracing and registration section traces dendritic arbors in 3D and registers dendritic traces to the reference column array; (iii) the dendritic analysis section analyzes dendritic patterns with respect to columns and layers, including layer-specific termination and planar projection direction of dendritic arbors, and derives estimates of dendritic branching and termination frequencies. The protocols utilize custom plugins built on the open-source MIPAV (Medical Imaging Processing, Analysis, and Visualization) platform and custom toolboxes in the matrix laboratory language. Together, these protocols provide a complete workflow to analyze the dendritic routing of Drosophila medulla neurons in layers and columns, to identify cell types, and to determine defects in mutants.

Here, we show how to analyze dendritic routing of Drosophila medulla neurons in columns and layers. The workflow includes a dual-view imaging technique to improve the image quality and computational tools for tracing, registering dendritic arbors to the reference column array and for analyzing the dendritic structures in 3D space.

Analizzando dendritiche Morfologia in colonne e strati

In many regions of the central nervous systems, such as the fly optic lobes and the vertebrate cortex, synaptic circuits are organized in layers and ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Rimodellamento sinaptico indotto dall'esperienza olfattiva nel cervello giovanile di Drosophila

Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Juvenile Brain Olfactory Sensory Neuron Synaptic Connectivity in an Early-Life Critical Period

Early-life olfactory sensory experience induces dramatic synaptic glomeruli remodeling in the Drosophila juvenile brain, which is experientially dose-dependent, temporally restricted, and transiently reversible only in a short, well-defined critical period. The directionality of brain circuit synaptic connectivity remodeling is determined by the specific odorant acting on the respondent receptor class of olfactory sensory neurons. In general, each neuron class expresses only a single odorant receptor and innervates a single olfactory synaptic glomerulus. In the Drosophila genetic model, the full array of olfactory glomeruli has been precisely mapped by odorant responsiveness and behavioral output. Ethyl butyrate (EB) odorant activates Or42a receptor neurons innervating the VM7 glomerulus. During the early-life critical period, EB experience drives dose-dependent synapse elimination in the Or42a olfactory sensory neurons. Timed periods of dosed EB odorant exposure allow investigation of experience-dependent circuit connectivity pruning in juvenile brain. Confocal microscopy imaging of antennal lobe synaptic glomeruli is done with Or42a receptor-driven transgenic markers that provide quantification of synapse number and innervation volume. The sophisticated Drosophila genetic toolkit enables the systematic dissection of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating brain circuit remodeling.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autore in primo piano: Esplorare l'influenza gliale nella potatura sinaptica dipendente dall'esperienza durante i periodi critici

We describe here methods for inducing and analyzing olfactory experience-dependent remodeling of antennal lobe synaptic glomeruli in the Drosophila juvenile brain.

Rimodellamento dipendente dall'esperienza del cervello giovanile, neurone sensoriale olfattivo, connettività sinaptica in un periodo critico della prima infanzia

Tecniche per lo studio dell'anatomia del sistema visivo Ant

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Preparazione di Sviluppo e degli adulti Drosophila Brains e retina per l'imaging dal vivo

dissezione, immunoistochimica e montaggio di cervelli larvali e adulti di Drosophila per la visualizzazione del lobo ottico

Un sistema di espianto per studi di imaging time-lapse dell'assemblaggio di circuiti olfattivi in Drosophila

Analizzando dendritiche Morfologia in colonne e strati

Rimodellamento dipendente dall'esperienza del cervello giovanile, neurone sensoriale olfattivo, connettività sinaptica in un periodo critico della prima infanzia

Rimodellamento dipendente dall'esperienza del cervello giovanile, neurone sensoriale olfattivo, connettività sinaptica in un periodo critico della prima infanzia

Rimodellamento dipendente dall'esperienza del cervello giovanile, neurone sensoriale olfattivo, connettività sinaptica in un periodo critico della prima infanzia